[The personified accounting and intra-team distribution of the workload of pathologists, by using a procedure for their work quota setting]. / Personifitsirovannyi uchet i vnutribrigadnoe raspredelenie nagruzki vrachei-patologoanatomov na osnove ispol'zovaniia metodiki normirovaniia ikh truda.

The paper considers approaches to applying the methods for setting work quotas in pathologists for the personified accounting and intra-team distribution of their workload. These approaches include an algorithm and all necessary formulas for the calculation of the relevant indicators that make it possible to use the methods for work quota setting. The essence of the proposed approaches is demonstrated with a specific example.

[Work quota setting and man-hour productivity estimation in pathologists]. / Normirovanie truda i otsenka trudozatrat vrachei patologoanatomicheskikh otdelenii.

The paper considers the development and current state of the regulation of work quota setting and remuneration in pathologists. Reasoning from the current staff standards for morbid anatomy departments (units), the authors present a method to calculate the load of pathologists. The essence of the proposed method is demonstrated using a specific example.

[Morphological diagnosis of tuberculosis under present-day conditions].

The paper presents general statistical data on morbidity and mortality rates of tuberculosis, which show positive trends in recent years, with exception of those of its concurrence with HIV infection. The tasks of the morphological diagnosis of tuberculosis are divided into 4 groups: 1) to refine approaches to detecting mycobacteria in tissues; 2) to optimize the postmortem diagnosis of tuberculosis; 3) to optimize the lifetime differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and to develop methods for predicting its course; 4) to study the pathogenesis of tuberculosis from the standpoint of modern views on an infectious process. The data suggesting that the tissue forms of mycobacteria, the types of inflammatory responses, and the specific features of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis call for further investigations are given. To establish the real role of nontuberculous mycobacteria, to study the likelihood that the patient will be superinfected with other M. tuberculosis genotypes, and to elaborate a uniform (clinical, pathogenetic, and morphological) classification of tuberculosis should be also regarded as the most important tasks in its morphological examination.

[The molecular biological characteristics of the pathogen of tuberculosis and the pathoanatomic aspects of its fatal outcomes in Irkutsk in 2008-2011].

The paper gives the results of examining 163 autopsy cases of tuberculosis in Irkutsk. The forms of the disease are characterized, by identifying generalized large focal necrotic focal tuberculosis. MIRU-VNTR genotyping defined M. tuberculosis genotypes and established the leading role of the Beijing genotype (65%) in the development of the most severe generalized alterative and exudative changes. 48% of all generalized large focal tuberculosis cases were shown to be HIV-infected. A DS-SIGN gene polymorphism at the -336 A/G position was studied; the most unfavorable combination of AG or GG polymorphism (in 84% of cases) was shown in a patient with the M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype. Not only the patient's immune status, but also the genotypes of mycobacteria and the host affect the most unfavorable course of tuberculosis with the development of generalized alterative and exudative lesions.

[Pneumococcal lobar (croupose) pneumonias: clinical and morphological characteristics].

The paper presents data on morbidity and mortality rates from pneumococcal pneumonias and current views on the properties of pneumococcus. Analysis of the autopsy specimens obtained from Irkutsk and Saint-Petersburg shows that pneumococcal lobar pneumonia remains a common disease. A lethal outcome more frequently occurs during the first 24 hours of hospitalization, there is a high rate of discrepancy between the clinical and autopsy diagnoses. Cooling and alcoholic intoxication are the most important risk factors. Pneumococcus is virtually the only etiologic factor of lobar pneumonia, even in cases with negative postmortem bacteriology results. Among their complications, there are greatly important purulent meningitides and menigoencephalitides and leukopenia. By and large, V.D. Zinserling's views on the morphogenesis of croupose pneumonia are confirmed. It is shown that there may be three types of gray hepatization depending on neutrophil leukocyte/fibrin ratios. The incidence and clinical value of involvements of the myocardium, kidneys, and other organs have been determined.