Stroke incidence, mortality, subtypes in rural and urban populations in five geographic areas of India (2018-2019): results from the National Stroke Registry Programme.

Background: Increasing stroke burden in India demands a long-term stroke surveillance framework. Earlier studies in India were urban-based, short term and provided limited data on stroke incidence and its outcomes. This gap is addressed by the establishment of five population-based stroke registries (PBSRs) of the National Stroke Registry Programme, India. This paper describes stroke incidence, mortality and age, sex, and subtypes distribution in the five PBSRs with urban and rural populations. Methods: First-ever incident stroke patients in age group ≥18 years, resident for at least one year in the defined geographic area, identified from health facilities were registered. Death records with stroke as the cause of death from the Civil Registration System (CRS) were included. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) was excluded. Three PBSRs (Cuttack, Tirunelveli, Cachar) included urban and rural populations. PBSRs in Kota and Varanasi were urban areas. The crude and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) by age, sex, and residence (urban and rural), rate ratios of ASR, case fatality proportions and rates at day 28 after onset of stroke were calculated for years 2018-2019. Findings: A total of 13,820 registered first-ever stroke cases that included 985 death certificate-only cases (DCOs) were analysed. The pooled crude incidence rate was 138.1 per 100,000 population with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 103.4 (both sexes), 125.7 (males) and 80.8 (females). The risk of stroke among rural residents was one in seven (Cuttack), one in nine (Tirunelveli), and one in 15 (Cachar). Ischemic stroke was the most common type in all PBSRs. Age-standardized case fatality rates (ASCFR) per 100,000 population for pooled PBSRs was 30.0 (males) and 18.8 (females), and the rate ratio (M/F) ranged from 1.2 (Cuttack) to 2.0 (Cachar). Interpretation: Population-based registries have provided a comprehensive stroke surveillance platform to measure stroke burden and outcomes by age, sex, residence and subtype across India. The rural-urban pattern of stroke incidence and mortality shall guide health policy and programme planning to strengthen stroke prevention and treatment measures in India. Funding: The National Stroke Registry Programme is funded through the intramural funding of the Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.

Implementation of Silver Nanoparticles Green Synthesized with Leaf Extract of Coccinia grandis as Antimicrobial Agents Against Head and Neck Infection MDR Pathogens.

BACKGROUND: Head and neck infections (HNI) associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) offer several health issues on a global scale due to inaccurate diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the bacteria and Candidal isolates and implement the silver nanoparticles green synthesized with leaf extract of Coccinia grandis (Cg-AgNPs) as a therapeutic approach against HNI pathogens. METHODS: The Cg-AgNPs were characterized by the UV-visible spectrophotometer, FT-IR analysis, Zeta particle size, Zeta potential, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis to validate the synthesis of nanoparticles. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of Cg-AgNPs was presented by the zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC), and antibiofilm assay. Moreover, the cell wall rupture assay was visualized on SEM for the morphological study of antimicrobial activities, and the in-vivo toxicity was performed in a swiss mice model to evaluate the impact of Cg-AgNPs on various biological parameters. RESULTS: Different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Candida sp. (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida glabrata) were identified. The MIC, MBC, and antibiofilm potential of Cg-AgNPs were found to be highest against A. baumannii: 1.25 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml, and 85.01±5.19% respectively. However, C. albicans and C. orthopsilosis revealed 23mm and 21mm of ZOI. Subsequently, the micromorphology of the cell wall rupture assay confirmed the efficacy of Cg-AgNPs, and no significant alterations were seen in biochemical and hematological parameters on the swiss mice model in both acute and subacute toxicity studies. CONCLUSION: The green synthesized Cg-AgNPs have multifunctional activities like antibacterial, anticandidal, and antibiofilm activity with no toxicity and can be introduced against the HNI pathogens.

Evaluation of Candidiasis in Upper-Aerodigestive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients-A Clinico-Mycological Aspect.

Candida is a commensal yeast. It can be infective when the host's defense mechanism is weakened, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical mycological manifestation of candidiasis in 150 cancer cases comprised of preoperative and post-operative (with or without radiotherapy) upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 150 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract (UADT) were divided into preoperative (n = 48), post-operative without radiotherapy (n = 29) and post-operative with radiotherapy (n = 73). Samples were collected using cotton swabs and cultured. Candida species were identified according to color pigmentation on Candida Differential Agar (CDA) plate. The clinico-mycological association of patients was evaluated by the chi-square test, and 98 out of 150 patients showed the presence of various Candida species. The major species isolated was Candida albicans (53%), followed by Candida tropicalis (16%). There was a significant statistical difference between patients who showed mycological associations and patients who did not have any such association (p = 0.0008). The prevalence of oral candidiasis was found to be 65.33% among total cases of upper aero-digestive squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic erythematous cases of candidiasis were mainly seen in preoperative squamous cell carcinoma cases, whereas the acute erythematous type of candidiasis was mainly seen in post-operative cases who received radiotherapy. The clinicomycological assessment can help to correlate the signs and symptoms with the presence of candidiasis in upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meticulous testing and examination can help in the early detection of candidiasis. Future studies are needed to develop advance scientific preventive strategies for high-risk cases.

A Large Intraoral Sublingual Schwannoma in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm that arises from Schwannoma cells found in the peripheral nerve sheath. It's a frequent neoplasm in the head and neck area, but it's exceedingly unusual to find it in the mouth. It's a rare occurrence in the oral cavity of the pediatric age group. CASE REPORT: We present a 12-year-old kid who has had a smooth, firm, and non-tender mass in the sublingual region for the past year. The mass was removed completely using a transoral technique. The diagnosis of sublingual schwannoma was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical testing. CONCLUSION: Schwannomas are typically benign and have a good prognosis with a low risk of malignant change. It should be used as a differential diagnostic for sublingual diseases such as ranula and salivary gland lesions. In the case of lingual schwannoma, surgical removal of the tumor is the preferred therapy. The transoral method is the most popular treatment option for sublingual schwannoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (noninvasive): A report of a rare case.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common type of benign tumors of minor salivary glands. A carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm originating from either a primary or recurrent benign PA. The nasopharynx is an extremely uncommon location for this tumor. A 32-year-old male had complaints of nasal blockage. In noncontrast computed tomography, a soft-tissue mass was present in the nasopharynx. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the endoscopically excised mass revealed features of CXPA, noninvasive in nature. Careful histopathological examination is the key to identify this uncommon entity. To the best of our knowledge, <20 cases have been published so far.

Endoscopy Guided Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation: Our Experiences.

INTRODUCTION: Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction is a common clinical entity but its treatment is still challenging to Otorhinolaryngologists. This study is done to know the effectiveness of transnasal endoscopic balloon dilatation of eustachian tube for treatment of chronic eustachian tube dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective observational study conducted between May 2018 to June 2019 at IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Twenty one patients were identified with diagnosis of ET dysfunction and assigned to this study. The transnasal endoscopic procedure was done to dilate the cartilaginous part of the eustachian tube with a balloon catheter. Preoperative computed tomography was done in all cases. All patients were post-operatively assessed in 1st, 2nd and 8th weeks after the procedure. RESULT: Balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube was easily performed in all cases of this study. No abnormality including carotid canal was seen before this procedure. All except 2 cases revealed significant improvement in the ET functions. There was no damage to any vital structures like internal carotid artery in this study. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients participated in this study showed positive outcome after balloon dilation of eustachian tube. It is a feasible and safe procedure for dilating the eustachian tube. This treatment is a very promising and requires more research on this aspect.

Otological manifestations in pregnant women - A study at a tertiary care hospital of eastern India.

BACKGROUND: There are several physiological changes found in pregnant women and amongst them, otological changes are quite important. The otological manifestations in pregnant women are mainly due to changes of sex hormones levels, which return to normal in the postpartum period. OBJECTIVE: To report otological manifestations among pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four pregnant women participated in this prospective study. A questionnaire was administered in all participants for assessing otological manifestations. The pregnant women were in the age range of 22-35 years. They underwent thorough otological and obstetric examinations. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was done for assessment of hearing loss. RESULTS: The mean age of the pregnant women in this study was 26.23 years. The most common otological manifestation was sensation of ear blockage. Eustachian tube dysfunction was common in the last trimester of pregnancy. Other manifestations included vertigo and tinnitus. CONCLUSION: The alteration of hormonal milieu in pregnant women can lead to several otological manifestations, including eustachian tube dysfunction, hearing impairment, otitis externa, Bell's palsy, vertigo and tinnitus. Despite these otological manifestations found in pregnant women, yet they are often neglected in clinical practice.

Enuresis, Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Teachers' Perceptions: A School-based Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of enuresis and lower urinary tract dysfunction among Indian school children, and describe teachers' perceptions regarding toilet requests. METHODS: Anonymous survey of students of a secondary school in Visakhapatnam, India by a modified version of the Dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system (DVISS) in 2518 parents. Two questionnaires - the Bathroom behaviour scale and Teachers' hassle scale for toilet requests were designed, validated and administered to 138 teachers. RESULTS: We received 1911 (75.9%) modified DVISS questionnaires with response; 1790 (93.7%) were valid. History was compatible with enuresis in 85 (4.7%), non-monosymptomatic enuresis in 38 (2.1%), overactive bladder in 46 children (2.6%), dysfunctional voiding syndrome in 14 children (0.8%) and both overactive bladder as well as dysfunctional voiding syndrome in 4 (0.2%). Responses of 43 (31.2%) teachers indicated refusal of toilet requests; medical cause underlying frequent toilet requests was understood by 82 (59.4%) teachers. At least one aspect of toilet requests was a frequent or intense hassle in 43 (39.8%) and 29 (28.7%) teachers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Toilet requests are misunderstood by and present a stressor to a sizeable minority of teachers.

Natural history of trigeminal neuralgia-A hospital-based retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and pretrigeminal neuralgia (PTN) in a hospital-based sample using a retrospective and descriptive study design. METHODS: This study followed a retrospective study design, which yielded a sample size of 216 patients who were reclassified as per the new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research proposed by the American Academy of Neurology. Based on an in-depth analysis of patient history and the treatments administered, a possible state of PTN prior to TN development was determined. RESULTS: TN shows a female predilection with predominantly unilateral involvement. A total of 45.83% of patients had left-side involvement with V3 primarily affected. Additionally, 11.11% of patients did not have any clinically apparent trigger zone, while 68.05% had a single trigger zone. Twenty-one patients were found to have suspected PTN prior to TN. The time interval between PTN onset and TN development ranged from 6 months to 6 years. The PTN pain varied, and the clinical overlap between the site of PTN and the site of future TN was 100%. CONCLUSION: An in-depth patient history can serve as a reliable modality for TN diagnosis. PTN should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pain of orofacial origin because of its overlapping features with other painful conditions.

Genetically Diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Respect to Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) pathogen that exhibits multiple resistances to antibiotics with increasing frequency, making patient treatment more difficult. The aim of the study is to ascertain the genetically diversity of this clinically isolated P. aeruginosa with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. All 25 P. aeruginosa were isolated from CSOM patients by taking their ear swabs and culturing on blood agar and MacConkey agar. All strains were identified with morphological characters and biochemical testing. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. ISSR was used to study the genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa. Clinically CSOM isolated 25 P. aeruginosa were 88% Ciprofloxacin resistant and similarly resistant to other antibiotics were documented. The study has been made using ISSR marker to find out the genomic relation among the strains/populations of P. aeruginosa. The result was shown that maximum similarity (80%) was between S-11 and S-13 and minimum (28.2%) was between S-4 and S-16 with an average similarity of 53.2%. The dendogram showed a distinct separation in between all the strains/populations of P. aeruginosa. The strains/populations were broken up into two main clusters in which small one bear two strains/populations (S-4 and S-9) and another cluster have another 23 strains/populations. These 23 strains were also separated to form subcluster by having different range of small clades. The genetically diversity of pathogenic P. aeruginosa present in CSOM at our hospital indicates the coexistence different strains due to different antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The conventional culture and sensitivity methods are time consuming whereas in PCR, it will detect within 4-6 h for effective antibiotic. Basing upon the banding pattern with ISSR primers, clinicians can prescribe the effective antibiotics accordingly for CSOM patients in the same day.

Laryngeal Carcinoma in a Pediatric Patient - A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Carcinoma of the larynx is an extremely uncommon clinical entity in pediatric age. The diagnosis of the laryngeal carcinoma is often delayed due to the low index of suspicion. The factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include the similarity of its symptoms to common benign lesions of the larynx in childhood and difficult examination of the larynx in pediatric patients. The treatment of laryngeal carcinoma is still a challenge due to the lack of available guidelines among pediatric patients. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old male presented with hoarseness of voice over the last 3 month and was diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma based on the fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examinations and biopsy. He was treated with a complete course of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: This case is reported due to the paucity of the laryngeal carcinoma cases among pediatric patients in medical literature. The obtained results will create awareness among clinician to rule out laryngeal carcinoma in pediatric patients with laryngeal symptoms, such as the hoarseness of voice which will help early diagnosis and treatment.

Surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in chronic suppurative otitis media of an Indian teaching hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common problem in worldwide and untreated CSOM leads to fatal complications like facial nerve paralysis, lateral sinus thrombosis, labyrinthitis, meningitis and brain abscess in developing country like India. OBJECTIVE: To isolate causative bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity pattern for CSOM and to know the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) and Metallobetalactamases (MBL) in CSOM patients. METHODS: A total of 500 ear swabs of clinical suspected CSOM patients were cultured on specific cultured medium and identified the bacteria with conventional methods. Then all the identified bacteria were subjected with specific antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer's method to know the resistance pattern of antibiotics. ESBL and MBL strains were detected by double disc diffusion test. RESULTS: A total of 384 bacteria were isolated from 500 CSOM patients, among them 86 P. aeruginosa (22.40%), 112 Staphylococcus aureus (29.17%), 53 A. baumannii (13.80%), 32 E. aerogenes (18%), 26 C. freundii (6.77%), 24 K. oxytoca (6.25%), 23 P. vulgaris (5.99%), 18 K. pneumoniae (4.69%) and 10 P. mirabilis (2.60%) identified with conventional methods. From antibiotic disc diffusion methods 74.22% ESBL strains and 9.90% MBL strains were documented. Multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa (86/384,22.40%) were more prevalent than those of S. aureus (112/384,29.17%) and other bacteria in ear discharges. Imipenem and vancomicin could control to gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria respectively. CONCLUSION: Continuous and periodic evaluation of microbiological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacterial is essential for optimum management of CSOM patients.

Tubercular Otitis Externa in an Elderly Male- A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the most common diseases in developing countries, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis has varied clinical presentations, varying from common primary pulmonary tuberculosis to the extremely rare tubercular otitis externa, as in this case. Tubercular otitis externa has an extremely low clinical incidence. CASE REPORT: We report the case of an immunocompetent elderly male with chronic otorrhea, otalgia, and pale granulation tissue at the ear canal with a positive biopsy report for tuberculosis, confirming the diagnosis. Subsequently, sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis indicated disseminated tuberculosis. The patient's symptoms resolved after antitubercular therapy (ATT). CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis at a rare location such as the external auditory canal is possible in regions like India where tuberculosis has the highest burden in the world. In the case of chronic ear discharge resistant to routine antibiotic treatment, the clinician should not rule out suspicion of tuberculosis.

Primary Laryngeal Tuberculosis: Our Experiences at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Eastern India.

INTRODUCTION: Primary laryngeal tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection of the larynx by Mycobacterium tuberculosis without affecting the lungs. It is a rare type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis seen in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of primary laryngeal tuberculosis at a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 11 cases of primary laryngeal tuberculosis managed between December 2013 and January 2018. The detailed clinical presentations, investigations, and treatment of primary laryngeal tuberculosis of the patients were studied. RESULTS: Primary laryngeal tuberculosis is common in men with mean age of 38.63 years. Hoarseness of the voice is the most common symptom, and the most common site for primary laryngeal tuberculosis is the vocal fold with ulcerative lesion. Endoscopic examinations of the larynx in laryngeal tuberculosis are nonspecific and are to be confused with laryngeal cancer. Histopathological and bacteriological examinations are confirmatory tests for the diagnosis. After confirmation of the diagnosis, all patients had taken antitubercular therapy for 6 months, which gave excellent outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed diagnosis or untreatable laryngeal tuberculosis will lead to high morbidity and mortality of the patient. Although primary laryngeal tuberculosis has nonspecific clinical presentations, it is very important to have a high index of suspiciousness to rule out tubercular lesion in the larynx as this disease is curable.

Heritability and correlation of lip print, palm print, fingerprint pattern and blood group in twin population.

BACKGROUND: Twins are similar in many ways owing to the genetical and environmental factors. However, still, there are certain things that are not similar among them, and this is the challenge for personal identification among the twins. OBJECTIVES: Our present study aimed to know and assess the similarities and differences present between the monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins in relation to lip prints, palm prints, fingerprints and blood group and to evaluate their heritability among parents and their offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 30 twins and their parents - 15 identical and 15 nonidentical twins. The age of twins ranged from 15 years to 40 years. Lip print, palm print, fingerprint and blood group were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: All the data were subjected to statistical analysis. The identical twins showed more percentage of similarities in comparison to the non identical twins. The inheritance pattern was significant for twins in case of their lip prints while palm prints and finger prints showed no such significance in inheritance pattern whereas there was significant association seen in case of blood groups of identical twins and their parents. CONCLUSION: Lip prints, palm prints, fingerprints and blood groups are the important parameters in forensic science for individual identification. Many studies have been done till now in individual but very few studies done in twin population. To the best of knowledge, ours is the first study of its kind with multiple parameters and its heritability in twins. We have observed that heritability in twins with relation to lip print was statistically significant and all the parameters can be used independently to identify the twins.

Use of Conchal Cartilages for Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Experiences at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India.

To describe the experience of anterior cricotracheal split with insertion of conchal cartilage graft in the treatment of subglottic and tracheal stenosis at a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. Six patients were included in the study, in the age group of 20-48 years. Out of which five patients were successfully decannulated after 3 months of laryngotracheal reconstruction with help of conchal cartilage. One case was undergone resection anastomosis after failure of the above technique. Successful restoration of the airway with decannulation in five cases and failure in one case. The subglottic and upper tracheal stenosis are successfully treated with anterior cricotracheal split and augmentation of the airway with conchal cartilage. It is a new technique of using conchal cartilage in the literature of laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Rosai-Dorfman's disease presenting as vallecular mass: An anesthetic overview.

Rosai-Dorfman's disease (RDD) is a rare multisystemic histiocytic disorder, commonly presenting as cervical lymphadenopathy in a young male. Its extranodal form is very unusual. We report a case of extranodal RDD presenting as a large vallecular mass. Management of an airway mass is always a challenge to the anesthesiologist. This problem is accentuated when the mass is due to RDD, as RDD can involve multiple system of the body such as central nervous system, upper respiratory tract, orbit and eyelid, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Autoimmune phenomenon though rare is also an important concern. Individualized plan based upon thorough evaluation and anticipation is the key for better outcome.

Tinnitus and its current treatment--Still an enigma in medicine.

Tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception that occurs in humans. Tinnitus, which is a distressing problem affecting many people around the world, is commonly referred to as ringing in the ears. No effective drug therapy is available for this elusive disease, although much research work into mechanism and possible treatment is underway. As yet, there are no Food and Drug Administration approved drugs available and the quest for a new treatment option for tinnitus focus on important challenges in tinnitus management. A number of options have been used to treat patients with tinnitus, but outcomes have been limited. A new, curative modality will provide a turning point in the management of tinnitus. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the pathophysiology, global burden, current treatment, and prevention of tinnitus, with future prospective studies in new drug therapy for this elusive condition.

Imaging and Serological-Evidence of Neurocysticercosis Among Patients with Seizures in Odisha, an Unexplored Eastern Coastal Province in India.

INTRODUCTION: Neurocysticercosis being a potential to human transmitted disease, is the major cause of seizures and a public health problem in tropical countries. Though India is known to be highly endemic, there are many provinces where reports are still unavailable thereby underestimating its actual burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-Cysticercus IgG antibodies in sera from cases presenting with seizures were screened by ELISA in a preliminary study in Odisha state which is a province in Eastern coastal India that was never explored before. Patients presenting with recent onset of seizures within age group 5 to 50 years, either local residents of Odisha or inhabitants from other parts of the country living for at least one year period in the study area were included. RESULTS: The present study showed 43.75% cases with seizures to be confirmed neurocysticercosis (NCC) based on serology and brain imaging. However, statistically no association was established between anti-Cysticercus antibody detection and radio imaging characteristics (location, number of lesions, and stage). CONCLUSION: This is the first study in Odisha presenting a series of cases with serological evidence of exposure to the parasite along with imaging characteristics which was consistent with NCC. It is recommended that NCC must be considered for a differential diagnosis in each active epilepsy case irrespective of prior prevalence information in all unexplored provinces in India and other endemic regions; also a compulsory reporting is warranted in order to aid in quantifying its actual burden.

Laryngocele: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India.

OBJECTIVES: To study the details of clinical profile and management of laryngocele at a tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern India. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. Case series of six patients of laryngocele. METHODS: Six patients of laryngocele were examined at the Outpatient Department of ENT of Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, between August 2010 and January 2014. The details of the patients, such as age, gender, occupations, clinical presentations, imaging modalities and treatment options, are discussed. RESULTS: The common clinical presentations of laryngocele are hoarseness of voice and swelling in the neck. Sometimes, laryngocele patients are asymptomatic. The patients were in the range of 45-70 years old, among them five were males and one was female. The diagnosis was made clinically and radiologically. Among the six patients, five were treated by surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: Laryngocele is an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. It is a very rare clinical condition. Hoarseness of voice and swelling in the neck are common clinical presentations in laryngocele. Imaging studies are essential for making diagnosis, determining the type, localization, extent of laryngocele and for treatment. Surgery is the treatment of choice in laryngocele.