High hydrostatic pressure come-up time and yeast viability.

The effects of the come-up time at selected pressures (50 to 689 MPa) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii viability were evaluated at 21 degrees C. For Z. bailii the effects of the water activity (a(w)) of the suspension media and the stage of the growth cycle were also investigated. Pressure come-up times exerted an important effect on the yeast survival fraction, decreasing counts as pressure increased. An increased sensitivity to pressure treatments was observed with yeast cells from the exponential growth phase. Lethality increased as a(w) of the suspension media increased. For an a(w) of 0.98 and cells from the stationary growth phase, pressure treatments at less than 200 MPa had no effect on Z. bailii viability; however, no survivors (< 10 CFU/ml) were observed in treatments applied only for the time needed to reach pressures greater than 517 MPa. Yeast survivor curves showed an excellent fit (r > 0.996) when described by a phenomenological model based on the Fermi equation, S(P) = 1/¿1 + exp[(P - Pc)/k]¿, where S(P) is the survival fraction, P is the pressure, Pc is a critical pressure corresponding to 50% survival, and k is a constant representing the steepness of the curve.

[Portrait of a Confederate secret agent: the dentis Henry A. Parr]. / Retrato de un agente secreto confederado: el odontólogo Henry A. Parr.

Dr. Henry A. Parr had many aspects in his career, beginning life as secret confederate agent during the Civil War, and finally ending as the president's dentist. The way he played these roles, as a pirate, accused of murder, as a pharmacist, inventor and dental teacher, makes up a real odysey, well documented.