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1.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 7948, 2021 04 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33846419

RESUMO

A plant's ability to maximize seed germination, growth, and photosynthetic productivity depends on its aptitude to sense, evaluate, and respond to the quality, quantity, and direction of the light. Among diverse colors of light possessing different wavelengths and red light shown to have a high impact on the photosynthetic and growth responses of the plants. The use of artificial light sources where the quality, intensity, and duration of exposure can be controlled would be an efficient method to increase the efficiency of the crop plants. The coherent, collimated, and monochromatic properties of laser light sources enabled as biostimulator compared to the normal light. The present study was attempted to use the potential role of the He-Ne laser as a bio-stimulator device to improve the germination and growth of brinjal and to investigate the possible interactions of plant and laser photons. A substantial enhancement was observed in germination index, germination time and seed vigor index of laser-irradiated than control groups. The enhanced germination rate was correlated with higher GA content and its biosynthetic genes whereas decreased ABA content and its catabolic genes and GA/ABA ratio were noted in laser-irradiated groups during seed germination than control groups. Further the expression of phytochrome gene transcripts, PhyA and PhyB1 were upregulated in laser-irradiated seedlings which correlate with enhanced seed germination than control. Elevated levels of primary metabolites were noted in the early stages of germination whereas modulation of secondary metabolites was observed in later growth. Consequently, significantly increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate was perceived in laser-irradiated seedlings compare with control. The current study showed hormone and phytochrome-mediated mechanisms of seed germination in laser-irradiated groups along with the enhanced photosynthetic rate, primary and secondary metabolites.


Assuntos
Lasers , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolômica , Análise Multivariada , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitocromo/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundário/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanum melongena/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 273: 113928, 2021 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33631274

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Phyllanthus species is extensively cultivated and used as edible fruits and herbal drugs. The Phyllanthus species are used extensively as ethnopharmacologically important materials in several countries, especially in Asia. Various Phyllanthus species are broadly used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine and deliberated as bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge, deobstruent, and antiseptic, and used for the treatment of digestive, genitourinary, respiratory, skin diseases, hepatopathy, jaundice, and renal calculus in India. Precise authentification of Phyllanthus species is a challenge due to morphological similarities and is important to avoid adulteration found in herbal drugs. Hence, there is a need to establish comprehensive methods for the identification of Phyllanthus species. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, we attempted to integrate untargeted metabolomics to identify species-specific metabolites with traditional phylogenetic analysis for identification and discrimination of nine Phyllanthus species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phyllanthus species such as P. acidus, P. amarus, P. debilis, P. emblica, P. virgatus, P. urinaria, P. lawii, P. myrtifolius, and P. reticulatus were collected. The liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed for untargeted metabolite profiling and MS/MS fragmentation analysis was performed for selected compounds. Further, the barcoding analysis was executed using plastid loci, rpoC1 to integrate with metabolite profiling data. RESULTS: The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of leaf metabolites showed distinct clusters in different species. Through further analysis, we have also identified the qualitative and quantitative status of unique metabolites across the species, and the majority of the selected compounds were annotated. The metabolic fingerprinting and the hierarchical clustering indicated that though the P. deblis and P. virgatus are distantly related to each other, they are closely associated with their metabolic profiling. Similarly, P. myrtifolius and P. urinaria are closely related to each other with their metabolic fingerprints than the genetic alignment. Further, we performed barcoding with rpoC1 across nine Phyllanthus species (P. acidus, P. amarus, P. debilis, P. emblica, P. virgatus, P. urinaria, P. lawii, P. myrtifolius, and P. reticulatus). Sequence similarity search in the GenBank database showed rpoC1 barcode loci from nine Phyllanthus species showed significant identity (>97%) with the sequences of various Phyllanthus species. CONCLUSIONS: The bioactive metabolites and their abundance can be assigned to specific species thereby serving as a biological signature and indicators for potential therapeutic use. This study identified differential expression of 14 secondary metabolites from nine Phyllanthus species. Alkaloid compound zeatin was found specific to P. virgatus and delphinidin-3-O- ß -D-glucoside was not found in P. myrtifolius. Barcoding and phylogenetic analysis showed P. acidus is the most genetically distinct among the groups and the sequence pair between P.emblica-P.reticulatus and P.emblica-P.urinaria showed the least difference.


Assuntos
Phyllanthus/química , Phyllanthus/classificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/classificação , Cromatografia Líquida , Análise por Conglomerados , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Metabolômica , Phyllanthus/metabolismo , Filogenia , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
3.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 213: 112050, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33075649

RESUMO

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during rehydration of seeds is a major source of cellular damage. Successful germination depends on maintaining the oxidative window and ability of the cells to repair the DNA damage accumulated during seed developmental process, maturational drying, and germination. We explored the role of DNA damage, repair, cell cycle progression and antioxidant machinery in germination of seeds of Solanum melongena L. primed with 0, 320, 640 and 1200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). The expression of antioxidant genes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase2 (CAT2), and glutathione reductase (GR) was upregulated to maintain the oxidative window required for germination in seeds treated with 320 mM NaCl. ROS generated upon treatment with 320 mM NaCl resulted in minimal DNA damage and activated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathway genes such as KU70 and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) respectively. Treatment with higher concentrations of NaCl resulted in increased DNA damage despite lower ROS, without evoking DNA repair mechanisms. Uncontrolled rehydration resulted in higher levels of ROS and DNA damage, but activation of homologous recombination (HR) pathway gene, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), and genes involved in repairing oxidized guanine, such as oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In summary, controlled rehydration with 320 mM NaCl decreased the DNA damage, reactivated the antioxidant and DNA repair machinery, and cell cycle progression, thereby enhancing the seed germination.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA/química , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ascorbato Peroxidases/genética , DNA/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Guanina/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Sementes/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Superóxido Dismutase/genética
4.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 174: 333-341, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28818779

RESUMO

The present investigation was designed to analyze the influence of Helium-Neon (He-Ne 632.8nm) laser irradiation on defense enzymes, proline content and in vitro responses of callus induction, shoot initiation and on plantlet regeneration potential of brinjal. The seeds of Mattu Gulla (Solanum melongena L.) were irradiated with 20, 25 and 30J/cm2 of He-Ne laser followed by surface sterilization and sprouted on Murashige and Skoog medium without plant growth regulators. The activity of defense enzymes, proline content and the organogenetic potential of hypocotyl, leaf and shoot tip explants were determined from thirty day old seedlings. During seed germination, most of the seedlings showed normal two cotyledons whereas small number of seedlings showed tricotyledonous at 20J/cm2 treatment and no other morphological abnormalities were observed during further growth and development. There was no substantial variation was noted in both ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity as well as proline content which proves the He-Ne laser irradiation does not causes any stresses for the plant. The in vitro culture of hypocotyl, leaf and shoot tip explants from laser irradiated seedlings showed differential responses as compared to un-irradiated control. The laser induced enhancement of callus induction, growth rate of callus tissues and shoot tip, percentage of responses of shoot and root initiation, days to shoot and root initiation, shoots formed per callus, number of roots per shoots, length of roots and nuclear DNA content of in vitro raised plants were evaluated. Among the tested laser doses (20, 25 and 30J/cm2), 25J/cm2 showed significant biostimulatory effect over un-irradiated control seedlings. The present observations reveal and endorsed our earlier reports with substantial enhancement of in vitro and ex vitro by He-Ne laser irradiation.


Assuntos
Lasers , Solanum melongena/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum melongena/efeitos da radiação , Núcleo Celular/genética , Núcleo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Técnicas de Cultura , DNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Germinação/efeitos da radiação , Organogênese/efeitos da radiação , Prolina/metabolismo , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/efeitos da radiação , Solanum melongena/citologia , Solanum melongena/metabolismo
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