Current market trends in anterior ocular inflammatory disease landscape.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the US anterior ocular inflammatory disease (AOID) composed of the spectrum of ocular allergies, different forms of infectious conjunctivitis, and dry eye diseases, affects over 40% of the population. This review evaluates the current economic costs for AOID associated pharmacotherapies. RECENT FINDINGS: In recent years, with improved understanding in pathophysiology of the AOID, providing novel targets for pharmacotherapy, have led to considerable improvements in outcomes for patients. Despite these advances, there continues to be a need for interventions that inhibit key inflammatory mediators or pathways in the ophthalmic space. In 2018, AOID drugs market represents ∼40% of the costs for the total ophthalmic drugs: dry eye (43%), antiinfectives (15%), antiallergics (13%), and antiinflammatory agents (29%). With increasing treatment costs, the need for improved, cost-effective modalities persists along with treatment algorithms to derive optimal benefits for patients. SUMMARY: There has been a dramatic increase in the economic burden of AOID with the annual expenditure for the prescription drugs approaching close to $11 billion in 2018. With increasing prevalence of ocular disease, further investment is required to provide more effective treatment options and deliver improved public health and economic outcomes.

Current options and emerging therapies for anterior ocular inflammatory disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ophthalmic disorders are highly prevalent in the United States, with approximately 3.5 million individuals aged at least 40 either blind or having impaired vision. This article reviews the current leading agents and pipeline therapies for the treatment of anterior ocular inflammatory disease (AOID). RECENT FINDINGS: There has been great progress in the understanding of ocular pathophysiology in recent years. Although current treatments for AOID are effective and well tolerated in many patients, a continued demand persists for more efficacious alternatives to the limited modalities available to clinicians. SUMMARY: Several promising modalities for AOID, particularly for allergic conjunctivitis, immune treatments for uveitis and dry eye syndrome are in late-stage development that could offer optimal treatment paradigm once available in the clinic.

Pharmacoeconomics of anterior ocular inflammatory disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anterior ocular inflammatory disease (AOID) affects more that 40% of the U.S. population, which includes ocular allergies, various forms of infectious conjunctivitis, and dry eye diseases (tear film dysfunction). This review evaluates the recent economic costs of AOID treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Rapid advances in pharmacotherapy of the anterior surface of the eye have been made as the expansion of the immunopathophysiology underlying these disorders ranging from the innate Toll-like receptors to the more specific IgE receptors are being unravelled. Even with these advances in AOID immunopathophysiology, progressive new treatments that address inflammatory mediators and their receptors with advancements in the development of ophthalmic remain limited. In 2011, AOID represents 40% of cost associated with ophthalmic drugs focusing on dry eye (31%), anti-infectives (30%), anti-allergics (25%), and anti-inflammatory agents (14%). With rising treatment costs, a need for cost-effective medicines remains to be pursued along with the development of treatment algorithms to maximize the therapeutic outcomes. SUMMARY: The economic burden of AOID has dramatically increased in recent years, with prescription drug expenditure approaching approximately $7 billion. There is an increasing need for major investment in this sector to improve outcomes as well as provide more effective alternative treatment modalities to the current options.