[The metabolic abnormalities in plaques of multiple sclerosis patients - the assessment in proton MR spectroscopy (1HMRS)]. / Zmiany metaboliczne w obrebie blaszek u chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane - ocena w technice protonowej spektroskopii MR (1HMRS).

The aim of the study was the assessment of metabolic changes revealed in proton MR spectroscopy in plaques of white matter of MS patients. With the use of MR 1.5T system, 90 MS patients were performed single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) of 1HMRS, divided in 3 groups: 20 CIS form, 50 RR form, 20 SP form. Absolute levels of NAA (N-acetylaspartate), Cr (creati. ne), Cho (choline), mI (mio-lnositol), Lip (lipids), Lac (lactate) and ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, ml/Cr, Lip/Cr and Lac/Cr obtained from lesions, were calculated. Statistically significant changes were obtained in lesions: decrease of NAA/Cr ratio and increase of Cho/Cr ratio were observed in all patients gro ups. In RR, SP forms increase of ml/Cr ratio and in CIS form increase of Lip/Cr and Lac/Cr ratios were detected. The metabolic abnormalities in plaques of white matter in MS patients may be detected using 1HMRS.

[Three-dimentiolanl moving-table MR angiography in diagnostic of peripheral arteria diseases]. / Angiografia MR 3D z opcja przesuwu stolu w diagnostyce chorób tetnic obwodowych.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to present the method of three-dimentional contrast-enhanced moving-table MR angiography, on the basis of own experience. METHOD: The 1,5T MR system with moving-table option was used to examin pelvic and peripheral arteries of lower extremities. The body coil was used. The large region of interest was divided into three segments: TOP--pelvis, MID--thight and BOT--leg. MR aquisitions were performed in coronal plane after injection of contrast, given by the automatic two-chamber syringe. Programm IVI were used to obtain 3D reconstructions. CONCLUSION: Three-dimentional contrast-enhanced moving-table MR angiography is accurate, noninvasive diagnostic method for evaluation of peripheral arterial diseases of lower extremities and allows to choose an adequate method of treatment.

[MRI and MRA data in children with migraine with aura]. / Wyniki badan MR i MRA u dzieci z migrenq z aura.

INTRODUCTION: One of indications to perform structural MRI and MRA is migraine with aura. Results may influence migraine management. THE AIM: THE AIM of this study was an assessment of MRI and MRA results in children with symptoms of migraine with aura and also the analysis if MR results influence migraine management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the year 2006, 20 children with migraine were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology Jagiellonian University Krakow. There were 11 girls and 9 boys, aged 6-18 years (mean 13,7 years) with symptoms of migraine with aura. In 12 of them visual, in 9 sensory, in 6 dysphasic and in 3 motor aura was present. In 7 children two or more aura types coexisted. In 9 cases family history of migraine was positive. MRI was performed in all children, while additional MRA in 18 children and digital cerebral angiography in 1 of them. MRI was performed in SE T1, FSE T2, PD, FLAIR and IR T1 sequences with 3 or 5 millimetre thickness of slices, in the sagital, coronal and transversal plane, using a 1,5 T system (HiSpeed GE). 3D TOF techniques were used to perform MRA. RESULTS: Results of MRI were normal in 11/20. In other children brain pathology was detected, within lateral ventricular asymmetry (2), demyelination (2), dilatation of CSF spaces (2) and vascular malformation (2). Isolated pathology, such as a calcification of the pineal gland and focal demyelination of vascular origin were detected in individual children. MRA in 16 children did not revealed pathology, however in 2 other children slight asymmetry of distal insular branches of middle cerebral arteries was detected. Aneurysm of the right anterior communicans artery was suspected in one child and it was confirmed by MRA. In one case digital angiography confirmed described on MRI result left vertebral and cerebral posterior arteries hypoplasia and also revealed collaterals in the posterior skull cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of vascular pathology in 20 % of patients with migraine with aura using MRI and MRA is an argument to perform both examinations in such patients.

[Usefulness of MR CSF flow examination in children with hydrocephalus]. / Przydatnosc badania MR przeplywu plynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego w diagnostyce wodoglowia u dzieci.

BACKGROUND: MR examination allows the determination of the absence or presence of CSF-flow as well as its direction and velocity. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: is the presentation of the value of MR examination CSF-flow and its usefulness in diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children. MR CSF-flow examination may be performed in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius and in the drain of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. METHODS: The examination big in classical MR examination: axial and sagittal T1-weighted scans (TR 500, TE 12) and T2-weighted scans (TR 5000, TE 100). The CSF flow examination is performed in 2D CINE/GR/PC (TR 33, TE 9.1, FA 30 degrees, FOV 12 x 12 cm, slice thickness 5 mm, acquisition matrix 256 x 192) in the plane perpendicular to the examined structure. The gating sequence is compatible with the patient's heart rate. Two regions of interest is established: area of flow (ROI 1) and the area of background (ROI 2). CSF flow is calculated using Flow Analysis software. CSF-flow in CINE phase-contrast technique is used to qualitative assessment of flow. CONCLUSIONS: MR examination allows the determination of the absence or presence of CSF-flow and its direction and velocity in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius and in the drain of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. This examination enables the differentiation between the shunt-dependent and shunt-independent type of hydrocephalus, which is of great significance in clinical management of patients after a shunt implantation.