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1.
Front Cell Dev Biol ; 12: 1380542, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38550383

RESUMO

Nidogen, also known as entactin, is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the basement membrane (BM), morphogenesis and neuronal plasticity. This review aims to provide an overview of the structural features, molecular interactions and diverse functions associated with Nidogen. As a bridging molecule within the BM, Nidogen acts as a linchpin connecting various extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Its involvement in tissue development, homeostasis, and pathological conditions underscores its biological and medical significance. We discuss the current state of knowledge regarding Nidogen's role in tissue maintenance, cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, shedding light on its intricate contributions to physiological and pathological processes.

2.
Biol Open ; 12(8)2023 08 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37531197

RESUMO

The basement membrane (BM) is a thin, planar-organized extracellular matrix that underlies epithelia and surrounds most organs. During development, the BM is highly dynamic and simultaneously provides mechanical properties that stabilize tissue structure and shape organs. Moreover, it is important for cell polarity, cell migration, and cell signaling. Thereby BM diverges regarding molecular composition, structure, and modes of assembly. Different BM organization leads to various physical features. The mechanisms that regulate BM composition and structure and how this affects mechanical properties are not fully understood. Recent studies show that precise control of BM deposition or degradation can result in BMs with locally different protein densities, compositions, thicknesses, or polarization. Such heterogeneous matrices can induce temporospatial force anisotropy and enable tissue sculpting. In this Review, I address recent findings that provide new perspectives on the role of the BM in morphogenesis.


Assuntos
Matriz Extracelular , Membrana Basal/química , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Morfogênese , Movimento Celular
3.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2540: 301-315, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35980585

RESUMO

Drosophila egg chamber development requires cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling morphogenesis. Previous research has shown that the mechanical properties of the basement membrane contribute to tissue elongation of the egg chamber. Here, we discuss how indentation with the microindenter of an atomic force microscope can be used to determine an effective stiffness value of a Drosophila egg chamber. We provide information on the preparation of egg chambers prior to the measurement, dish coating, the actual atomic force microscope measurement process, and data analysis. Furthermore, we discuss how to interpret acquired data and which mechanical components are expected to influence measured stiffness values.


Assuntos
Drosophila , Animais , Membrana Basal , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Morfogênese
4.
Development ; 149(10)2022 05 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35575071

RESUMO

The basement membrane is a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that is crucial for the development of epithelial tissues and organs. In Drosophila, the mechanical properties of the basement membrane play an important role in the proper elongation of the developing egg chamber; however, the molecular mechanisms contributing to basement membrane mechanical properties are not fully understood. Here, we systematically analyze the contributions of individual ECM components towards the molecular composition and mechanical properties of the basement membrane underlying the follicle epithelium of Drosophila egg chambers. We find that the Laminin and Collagen IV networks largely persist in the absence of the other components. Moreover, we show that Perlecan and Collagen IV, but not Laminin or Nidogen, contribute greatly towards egg chamber elongation. Similarly, Perlecan and Collagen, but not Laminin or Nidogen, contribute towards the resistance of egg chambers against osmotic stress. Finally, using atomic force microscopy we show that basement membrane stiffness mainly depends on Collagen IV. Our analysis reveals how single ECM components contribute to the mechanical properties of the basement membrane controlling tissue and organ shape.


Assuntos
Drosophila , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular , Animais , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Drosophila/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Laminina/metabolismo
6.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 15910, 2019 11 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31685844

RESUMO

Transcriptional regulation of Laminin expression during embryogenesis is a key step required for proper ECM assembly. We show, that in Drosophila the Laminin B1 and Laminin B2 genes share expression patterns in mesodermal cells as well as in endodermal and ectodermal gut primordia, yolk and amnioserosa. In the absence of the GATA transcription factor Serpent, the spatial extend of Laminin reporter gene expression was strongly limited, indicating that Laminin expression in many tissues depends on Serpent activity. We demonstrate a direct binding of Serpent to the intronic enhancers of Laminin B1 and Laminin B2. In addition, ectopically expressed Serpent activated enhancer elements of Laminin B1 and Laminin B2. Our results reveal Serpent as an important regulator of Laminin expression across tissues.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição GATA/metabolismo , Laminina/metabolismo , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Drosophila/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Fatores de Transcrição GATA/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Genes Reporter , Laminina/genética , Mutagênese , Ligação Proteica
7.
Development ; 146(2)2019 01 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30567930

RESUMO

Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly composed of Laminin, type IV Collagen, Perlecan and Nidogen/entactin (NDG). Recent in vivo studies challenged the initially proposed role of NDG as a major ECM linker molecule by revealing dispensability for viability and BM formation. Here, we report the characterization of the single Ndg gene in Drosophila. Embryonic Ndg expression was primarily observed in mesodermal tissues and the chordotonal organs, whereas NDG protein localized to all BMs. Although loss of Laminin strongly affected BM localization of NDG, Ndg-null mutants exhibited no overt changes in the distribution of BM components. Although Drosophila Ndg mutants were viable, loss of NDG led to ultrastructural BM defects that compromised barrier function and stability in vivo Moreover, loss of NDG impaired larval crawling behavior and reduced responses to vibrational stimuli. Further morphological analysis revealed accompanying defects in the larval peripheral nervous system, especially in the chordotonal organs and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Taken together, our analysis suggests that NDG is not essential for BM assembly but mediates BM stability and ECM-dependent neural plasticity during Drosophila development.


Assuntos
Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Padronização Corporal , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/embriologia , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso/embriologia , Sistema Nervoso/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Basal/ultraestrutura , Comportamento Animal , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Deleção de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Laminina/metabolismo , Larva/genética , Junção Neuromuscular/patologia , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/embriologia , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/patologia , Permeabilidade , Fenótipo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Vibração
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