Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Endocan, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs due to the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and host defenses. Endocan is a proteoglycan secreted by endothelial cells under the control of inflammatory cytokines. Aims of the study are to determine serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) endocan levels in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, supported with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels. This study additionally aims to evaluate correlation between GCF endocan levels, VEGF-A, and TNF-α levels with periodontal probing depth (PD). METHODS: The study consists of two groups: group 1 (n = 20), healthy individuals; group 2 (n = 20), individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). Clinical measurements were recorded; GCF and serum samples were obtained from each participant before and 6 weeks after therapy. Levels of biomarkers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intergroup comparisons of biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U test using statistical software. RESULTS: Serum and GCF endocan, VEGF-A, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with CP than in healthy individuals (P <0.001) and decreased after treatment (P <0.03). A significant correlation was observed between GCF TNF-α and PD (4 mm ≤ PD ≤5 mm and PD ≥6 mm). A significant relationship was found among GCF endocan and TNF-α, VEGF-A, CAL, and GI for all groups (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endocan and TNF-α levels, both in GCF and serum, increased from health to periodontitis and decreased with non-surgical periodontal treatment. Within the limits of the study, endocan may be considered as a potential inflammatory marker for periodontal disease.

Effect of Local Rosuvastatin Administration on Calvarial Bone Defects.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of the local administration of different doses of rosuvastatin (RSV) on autogenous grafted critical-sized cortical bone defects. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups: Group C (control), Group RSV-0.1, and Group RSV-1. A 5-mm diameter critical-size defect was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by autogenous graft and sterile saline-treated absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) was applied. Defects in the experimental groups (groups RSV-0.1 and RSV-1) were grafted by autogenous graft and ACS with saline solution containing 0.1- and 1-mg RSV were applied. All animals were euthanized at 28 days after operation. Stereologic and micro-computed tomography (µCT) analyses were performed. New bone area and connective tissue volumes were measured. Stereologic analysis showed that the difference between group RSV-1 with a mean bone formation of 1.79 ±â€Š0.06 mm and groups RSV-0.1 and control (C) was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) with a mean bone formation of 1.29 ±â€Š0.28 mm and 1.08 ±â€Š0.12 mm, respectively. Connective tissue volume was also significantly higher in 1-mg RSV applicated group. Micro-CT results were similar with stereologic analyses. Local administered 1-mg RSV enhances bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial rat defects filled with autogenous graft.