RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the systemic antibody response to Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein B can be considered, in addition to anti cytotoxin-associated protein [CagA) antibody determination, a further serological marker of increased risk of gastric cancer development. METHODS: A total of 98 Giemsa positive Helicobacter pylori patients (28 with gastric cancer, 30 with duodenal ulcer and 40 with nonulcer dyspepsia) were studied. Serum samples obtained from all patients were tested for IgG antibodies to CagA (116 kDa), VacA [89kDa) and heat skock protein B (54 kDa) antigens of Helicobacter pylori by the Western blot technique. RESULTS: 26/28 patients [(92.9% with gastric carcinoma, 29/30 patients [96.7%) with duodenal ulcer and 30/40 patients (75.0%) with non-ulcer dyspepsia were seropositive for CagA protein. The prevalence of serum IgG antibody to CagA in the cancer patients was not significantly higher than in duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. The prevalence of antibodies to VacA was not significantly different between gastric carcinoma and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. In contrast the prevalence of systemic antibodies to heat skock protein B was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients (78.6%) than in duodenal ulcer (36.7%, p=0.002) or nonulcer dyspepsia patients (52.5%, p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of antibodies to heat shock protein B is proposed as an additional test which, in association with the determination of serum antibodies to CagA, could help in determining the risk of developing severe gastroduodenal disease, and gastric cancer, in particular.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Western Blotting , Úlcera Duodenal/imunologia , Dispepsia/imunologia , Feminino , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologiaRESUMO
Liver affects the release and clearance of many hormones, but the interactions between gastrointestinal peptides and liver function are obscure. Aim of this study was to evaluate plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal peptides during acute hepatic cytonecrosis and during liver regeneration in man. The study was performed in ten patients with viral hepatitis (8 virus A, 2 virus B) in the acute phase (alanine transaminase = 3073 +/- 739 U/L; mean +/- SEM), and at days 7, 45 and 52 after the initial evaluation, during clinical and biochemical recovery (52nd day, alanine transaminase = 77 +/- 26). Plasma concentrations of the following hormones were evaluated by radioimmunoassay: glucagon, insulin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, bombesin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, secretin and motilin. Only serum bombesin and cholecystokinin were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the acute phase of hepatitis (bombesin: 138 +/- 21 pg/ml; cholecystokinin: 57 +/- 7 pg/ml); they returned to normal values during convalescence (bombesin: 60 +/- 8; cholecystokinin: 31 +/- 4). During hepatocellular necrosis, plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and bombesin, which are both cellular growth factors and regulatory signals of food introduction and satiety state, were increased by 83% and 130%, respectively. Increase of these hormones may cause the dyspepsia and lack of appetite that characterizes the initial phase of acute viral hepatitis.
Assuntos
Hormônios Gastrointestinais/sangue , Hepatite A/sangue , Hepatite B/sangue , Neuropeptídeos/sangue , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Anorexia/etiologia , Dispepsia/etiologia , Feminino , Hepatite A/complicações , Hepatite A/fisiopatologia , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Regeneração Hepática , Masculino , RadioimunoensaioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years a reduction of oral cyclosporin A (CsA) dose has been adopted to minimize its adverse renal effects. To date, however, little is known about the intrinsic renal and immunological effects of low-dose CsA. METHODS: Four oral doses of the drug (2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg body wt) and placebo (P) were randomly administered in two half-doses to seven healthy subjects. Studies were performed during water diuresis 4 h after administration of the 2nd half-dose, i.e. when the biological activity of the drug is considered maximal. Renal function was evaluated after all doses. In the same subjects, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), that are the main immunological targets of CsA, were measured in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) after P, 3 and 5 mg/kg of the drug. RESULTS: CsA induced a dose-dependent and proportional decrease of GFR and RPF associated with increasing renal vascular resistances (RVR) in presence of unmodified blood pressure. Similarly, Na+ urinary excretion decreased in a dose-dependent manner due to both GFR reduction and to an higher tubular reabsorption mainly localized at the level of the proximal nephron. All these changes were significant only after 4 and 5 mg/kg. A significant suppression of PHA-stimulated IL-2 and IL-2R cell release was observed following 5 mg/kg only. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that nephrotoxic and immunosuppressive effects of low-dose CsA are strictly linked.
Assuntos
Ciclosporina/administração & dosagem , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Adulto , Ciclosporina/sangue , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/fisiopatologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Interleucina-2/sangue , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/fisiopatologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Masculino , Natriurese/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Circulação Renal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluxo Plasmático Renal/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In the present study, the authors show that 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 given to hemodialyzed patients taking Al (OH)3, increased their plasma concentrations of Al. Two mechanism can explain this increase: increased intestinal absorption or decreased tissue storage of Al.
Assuntos
Alumínio/farmacologia , Calcitriol/farmacologia , Diálise Renal , Uremia/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Hidróxido de Alumínio/farmacocinética , Hidróxido de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Calcitriol/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Desferroxamina , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/etiologia , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Tecidual , Uremia/complicações , Uremia/terapiaRESUMO
The relationships between arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and chloride secretion were investigated in mucosal preparations of rabbit distal colon. Tissues displayed a significant cyclooxygenase activity already in nonstimulated conditions and incubation with exogenous AA and calcium ionophore A23187 produced a predominant prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) profile [PGF2 alpha greater than PGE2 greater than thromboxane B2 (TxB2) greater than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha] as assessed by HPLC of tissue homogenates, whereas 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) was not detected in AA- or A23187-stimulated tissues. Radioimmunological assays showed that PGE2 synthesis was time dependent, plateaued at 10 min, and proceeded at rates 15-20 times over TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Among the PGs produced by colonic mucosa, only PGE2 and, to a lower extent, PGF2 alpha were found to stimulate chloride secretion and cAMP synthesis. Pretreatment with 10 microM 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, a cyclo- and lipoxygenase inhibitor, prevented AA-induced chloride secretion and PG and cAMP synthesis with the same strength as the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. No effects were found after preincubation with nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase blocker with moderate cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties, and caffeic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor. 5-HETE (5 microM) had no effect on short-circuit currents (Isc) and chloride transport, but it significantly reduced the increase in Isc, chloride secretion, and PGE2 synthesis elicited by AA or A23187. Platelet-activating factor, reported to stimulate rabbit colon Isc through an indomethacin-sensitive pathway, was not detected at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M.
Assuntos
Ácidos Araquidônicos/farmacologia , Cloretos/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiologia , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Ácido 15-Hidroxi-11 alfa,9 alfa-(epoximetano)prosta-5,13-dienoico , Ácido 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetrainoico/farmacologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcimicina/farmacologia , Colo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Eletrofisiologia/métodos , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/fisiologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Indometacina/farmacologia , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cinética , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Endoperóxidos Sintéticos de Prostaglandinas/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas/farmacologia , Coelhos , Sódio/metabolismoRESUMO
An ELISA method for the determination of circulating specific HSV-TAA antibodies has recently become available (TAF test). The presence of TAF was tested in serum of 154 patients with primary esophageal carcinoma, collected in three institutions. The overall TAF-test positivity rate was 57.1%, being significantly lower in stage IV than in stage III patients. The concordance rate between TAF and CEA, ferritin, TPA, SCC and TATI was low, suggesting that TAF is probably independent of the other tumor markers evaluated. The clinical role of TAF-test determination in patients with esophageal carcinoma is currently under evaluation.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais de Tumores/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias Esofágicas/imunologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/sangue , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Simplexvirus/imunologiaRESUMO
The usefulness of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in the diagnosis of various solid tumors was compared to other tumor markers occurring in serum and urine (CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, CA50, CA15-3, CA72-4, NSE, TPA, AFP, CK-BB and ferritin). TATI was particularly well suited for the diagnosis of tumors of the pancreas, ovary, oesophagus and bladder. For tumors of these organs TATI may be considered the marker of choice. TATI was also a good marker for distinguishing between disease with or without liver metastasis in cancer of the colon and the breast.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Inibidor da Tripsina Pancreática de Kazal/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Masculino , Neoplasias/sangue , Neoplasias Ovarianas/sangue , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangue , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/sangueRESUMO
In order to evaluate the usefulness of Ca 72.4 tumor associated antigen assay in gastrointestinal diseases, we have studied 751 patients suffering from benign (376) and neoplastic (375) digestive diseases and 305 normal controls. The cut-off point was fixed at 6 U/ml. The Ca 72.4 assay, with the proposed method, provides additional information only in gastric cancers; the positivity of the marker in gastric neoplasms is 38.4% and the specificity vs gastric ulcers and atrophic gastritis is 99%. In six patients with gastric cancer, the Ca 72.4 is the only positive test. The most striking observation to be made from the current study is a no good sensitivity of the marker for gastrointestinal cancers (29.6% vs 35.7 and 37.6% for CEA and Ca 19-9 respectively), but rather the excellent specificity of the Ca 72.4 immunoassay with respect to being gastrointestinal diseases (98.7%), vs values of specificity for CEA and Ca 19-9 of 94 and 92%. In conclusion, the high specificity of this marker for gastrointestinal neoplasms may be very interesting in follow-up studies. In fact, an elevation of serum levels of Ca 72.4 should always be taken seriously.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Antineoplásicos , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/sangue , Neoplasias do Sistema Digestório/sangue , Adulto , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos TestesAssuntos
Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/administração & dosagem , Ácido Quenodesoxicólico/sangue , Ácidos Cólicos/sangue , Hepatite Viral Humana/sangue , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A new method for the quantitative extraction and esterification of dicarboxylic organic acids in aqueous solution and biological fluids has been developed. The acids are extracted and esterified in one step by using an Amberlite IRA 904 anion exange resin. The analyses of the methyl esters obtained have been performed by gas-liquid chromatography.
Assuntos
Líquidos Corporais/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/análise , Animais , HumanosAssuntos
Cistinúria/genética , Genótipo , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Colorimetria , Cistinúria/diagnóstico , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , LinhagemRESUMO
Urinary hydroxyproline has been measured in 150 patients, 70 of them with urinary diseases. High values were found in chronic hyperazotaemia and in carcinoma with bone metastasis. In the latter, the prognostic value was of particular interest where the lesions are not yet identifiable radiologically.