Endoscopic management of magnet ingestion and its adverse events in children.

Background and Aims: Magnet ingestion has recently increased among children. Multiple magnets can lead to serious adverse events owing to pressure necrosis of trapped bowel wall; therefore, urgent removal of the magnet is recommended. However, awareness of magnet ingestion and adverse events associated with it are lacking among the general population and some healthcare professionals. Herein, we demonstrate the adverse events associated with prolonged retention of ingested magnets and endoscopic management of ingested magnets in children. Methods: We present a case series of 3 patients with magnet ingestion. Foreign body ingestion was confirmed on fluoroscopy. After fluoroscopy, all children underwent EGD under propofol sedation in a left lateral position. A Roth net was used to remove magnets. Results: Three patients (median age 5 years), each with ingestion of 2 magnets of different shapes and sizes and with variable periods of ingestion, underwent EGD. In 2 patients, both magnets were Successfully removed. In 1 patient, 1 magnet could not be removed because it became dislodged deep in the jejunum. All 3 patients had developed magnet-related fistula (gastroduodenal: 1 patient; duodenojejunal: 2 patients). Patients with duodenojejunal fistula were managed conservatively. There was mild self-limited bleeding during magnet removal in 1 patient. There were no major adverse events related to endoscopic removal. Conclusions: Endoscopic removal of magnets is feasible and safe in children. Few patients with fistulas can be managed conservatively. There is an unmet need to increase societal awareness of magnet ingestions and adverse events associated with it.

Spontaneous Migration of Spiral Fin Overtube During Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy.

Motorized spiral enteroscopy (SE) is a novel technique for evaluation and management of small bowel lesions. Total enteroscopy rates are higher with SE. Power spiral tube with spiral soft fin helps in advancement of the scope. SE has low adverse event profile; however, perforation and pancreatitis have been reported. We report the unusual adverse event of power spiral tube with spontaneous dislodgement of spiral fin in 2 cases.

Validation of Baveno VI Criteria for Screening of Esophageal Varices in a Cohort of South Asian Patients with Compensated Chronic Liver Disease.

OBJECTIVES: A patient with liver stiffness by Vibration controlled Transient elastography(TE) <20 kPa and a platelet count >150,000/mm3 does not require screening endoscopy according to Baveno VI consensus. The Baveno consensus statement on esophageal varices screening has not been validated in the South Asian population. TE may not be widely available in resource limited areas. We tried to see whether easily available parameters could be used to predict high risk varices(HRV). METHOD: A cross-sectional study evaluating patients with liver stiffness >10 kPa who had endoscopy within 6 months of TE evaluation. RESULTS: 375 patients who underwent TE and upper GI endoscopy over one year were included. Commonest etiology was HBV(42 %) followed by Hepatitis C(39%), NAFLD(9.1%) and alcohol(9%). 262 of the 266 patients satisfying Baveno VI consensus criteria for avoiding screening endoscopy did not have HRV. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) was 96 %, 90 %, 74% and 99 % respectively and (AUC = 0.91). By using MELD 6 or MELD < 8 and platelet >150000/mm3 criteria, 67% endoscopies could have been circumvented. Using Baveno VI criteria, 70% endoscopies could have been circumvented. CONCLUSION: This study validates the Baveno VI consensus statement on esophageal variceal screening in cirrhosis, in a South Asian population. It also describes a new strategy using MELD 6 or MELD < 8 and platelet > 150000/mm3 in areas with limited resources where TE is not widely available.