The effect of clamped and unclamped umbilical cord samples on blood gas analysis.

PURPOSE: Delayed cord clamping for at least 60 s is recommended to improve neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there are differences in cord BGA between samples collected after double clamping the cord or without clamping the cord, when blood collection occurs within 60 s from birth in both groups. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, collecting data from 6884 high-risk women who were divided into two groups based on the method of cord sampling (clamped vs unclamped). RESULTS: There were significant decrease in pH and BE values into unclamped group compared with the clamped group. This difference remained significant when considering pathological blood gas analysis parameters, with a higher percentage of pathological pH or BE values in the unclamped group. CONCLUSION: Samples from the unclamped cord alter the acid-base parameters compared to collection from the clamped cord; however, this difference does not appear to be of clinical relevance. Findings could be due to the large sample size, which allowed to achieve a high power and to investigate very small numerical changes between groups, leading to a statistically significant difference in pH and BE between samples even when we could not appreciate any clinical relevant difference of pH or BE between groups. When blood gas analysis is indicated, the priority should be given to the timing of blood collection to allow reliable results, to assess newborns status at birth and intervene when needed.

Effects of antenatal indomethacin on ductus arteriosus early closure and on adverse outcomes in preterm neonates.

Introduction: Premature birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Since gestational age at birth is the most important predictive factor of adverse neonatal outcomes, strategies to postpone premature labor are of major importance. Studies on tocolytic drugs show that COX inhibitors such as indomethacin are superior to others in terms of efficiency in delaying birth, but results concerning neonatal outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to these drugs show controversial results. Indomethacin is also used in the postnatal age for pharmacologic treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), but no data concerning the effects of antenatal exposure on postnatal ductal patency are available.Methods: In this study, we focused primarily on the association between antenatal indomethacin (AI) and postnatal patency of ductus arteriosus while our secondary aim was to highlight any possible influence of AI exposure on adverse neonatal outcomes. We performed a retrospective analysis of 241 medical records of newborns born before 33 weeks' gestation and exposed to antenatal tocolysis. Obstetrical data and neonatal outcomes of newborns exposed to AI were compared to those of neonates exposed to other tocolytic drugs. Early ductal closure (EDC) was defined when functional echocardiography performed within 24 hours of life showed a closed duct. Occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, and PDA were compared between the groups and the diagnosis of at least one of III-IV grade IVH, PVL, CLD, sepsis, surgical NEC, or death was defined as a severe outcome.Results: The univariate analysis showed that infants in the AI group were at a higher risk of IVH, CLD, RDS, sepsis, and PDA. The incidence of severe outcomes also appeared to be higher in this group, while no effect of AI on PDA was observed. Since we noticed that infants exposed to AI had a lower gestational age and worse clinical conditions at birth when compared to the controls, we considered this as a confounding factor. To overcome this bias, we performed a multivariate analysis that evidenced no significant role of AI on the occurrence of severe outcomes. On the other hand, a possible association was confirmed for all degrees of IVH (OR: 3.16, 95% CI : [1.41; 7.05]) and sepsis (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: [1.24; 6,28]).Conclusions: The unexpected result shown by the multivariate analysis was the association between AI exposure and EDC (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: [1.02; 6.21]). This result, which has never been evidenced in previous studies, has great clinical importance. It is well known that PDA is more frequent at lower gestational ages, thus reducing the incidence of PDA could lead to an improvement of overall outcomes in extremely preterm newborns.

Results of a multicenter universal newborn screening program for sickle cell disease in Italy: A call to action.

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic multisystem disorder requiring comprehensive care that includes newborn screening (NBS) as the first step of care. Italy still lacks a national SCD NBS program and policy on blood disorders. Pilot single-center screening programs and a regional targeted screening have been implemented so far, but more evidence is needed in order to impact health policies. POPULATION AND METHODS: NBS was offered to parents of newborns in gynecology clinics in Padova and Monza, tertiary care university hospitals in northern Italy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed as the first test on samples collected on Guthrie cards. Molecular analysis of the beta-globin gene was performed on positive samples. RESULTS: A total of 5466 newborns were enrolled; for 5439, informed consents were obtained. A similar family origin was seen in the two centers (65% Italians, 9% mixed couples, 26% immigrants). Compared with SCD NBS programs in the United States and Europe, our results show a similar incidence of SCD patients and carriers. All SCD patients had a Sub-Saharan family background; HbS carriers were 15% Caucasians (Italian, Albanians) and 10% from other areas (North Africa-India-South America); carriers of other hemoglobin variants were mainly (47%) from other areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a multicentric NBS program for SCD, give information on HbS epidemiology in two Northern Italian Areas, and support previous European recommendation for a universal NBS program for SCD in Italy: a high incidence of patients and carriers has been detected, with a high percentage of Caucasian carriers, impossible to identify in a targeted NBS.