Updates in pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: A focus on BPaL and BPaLM.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. New evidence supports the use of shorter duration, all-oral regimens, which represent an encouraging treatment strategy for drug-resistant TB. As a result, the landscape of drug-resistant TB pharmacotherapy has drastically evolved regarding treatment principles and preferred agents. This narrative review focuses on the key updates of drug-resistant TB treatment, including the use of short-duration all-oral regimens, while calling attention to current gaps in knowledge that may be addressed in future observational studies.

Lenacapavir: A Novel Long-Acting Capsid Inhibitor for HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy, safety, and role of lenacapavir (LEN) in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (through March 2023) with the search term LEN and GS-6207. Other resources included abstracts presented at recent conferences, the manufacturer's Web site, and prescribing information. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All relevant articles, trial updates, and conference abstracts in the English language were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Lenacapavir represents a new class of antiretrovirals (ARVs) with a novel mechanism of action as a capsid inhibitor and a unique twice-a-year subcutaneous administration schedule. Lenacapavir when combined with other ARVs has proven to benefit heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) patients with HIV-1 infection in achieving viral suppression and immune restoration. RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN COMPARISON WITH EXISTING DRUGS: Lenacapavir is a new treatment option that patients who are HTE can consider adding as part of an ARV regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Lenacapavir is an effective and well-tolerated option for HTE patients which is a valuable addition to the arsenal of ARVs.