Children on chronic hemodialysis before the first year of age in Brazil: A 3-year survival analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The limited data on survival rates of small children undergoing hemodialysis preclude comparison with other countries. The goal of this study was to determine the mortality rate and its risk factors in children starting hemodialysis during their first year of life. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study, based on data from a reference dialysis center in São Paulo city. Data from 47 (8 females) children who underwent chronic hemodialysis before the first year of age were analyzed. Survival was characterized using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests, followed by a multivariable Cox regression model. RESULTS: The survival rates were 93%, 75%, and 64% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Only cardiovascular comorbidity was significantly associated with the mortality outcome (HR = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.7-19.6, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The survival rate among children who started hemodialysis in their first year of life was reasonable, similar to international standards.

Evidências de revisões sistemáticas Cochrane para o controle da disseminação da infecção pela COVID-19* / Evidence of revisions systematic Cochrane for the controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection

Introdução: A infecção pela COVID-19 tem alta transmissibilidade e várias medidas foram adotadas para controle da disseminação. Objetivo: Identificar e sumarizar as evidências das revisões sistemáticas (RS) Cochrane sobre medidas de controle da disseminação da infecção pela COVID-19. Desenho do estudo: Esta revisão das RS Cochrane foi realizada na Disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular e na Disciplina de Medicina de Urgência e Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Uma busca ampla na Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews recuperou todas as RS Cochrane que avaliam as evidências diretamente relacionadas às medidas para controle da disseminação da COVID-19. As principais características e resultados de todas as análises incluídas foram sumarizadas e discutidas. Resultados: Três RS Cochrane foram incluídas na síntese qualitativa e versaram sobre medidas populacionais e medidas individuais para controle de disseminação da COVID-19. Conclusão: Evidências de certeza baixa mostram que quarentena de pessoas expostas a casos confirmados ou suspeitos evitou 44%-81% de casos incidentes e 31%-63% de mortes em comparação com nenhuma medida e quanto antes as medidas de quarentena são implementadas, maior a economia de custos. Evidências de confiança alta mostraram que uma comunicação clara sobre as diretrizes de controle e prevenção de infecção foi vital para sua implementação. Evidência de certeza baixa mostrou que as pessoas com um avental longo tiveram menos contaminação

Evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection. A narrative review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection has high transmissibility and several measures have been adopted for controlling its dissemination. OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) regarding measures for controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: This review of Cochrane SRs was carried out in the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and in the Division of Emergency Medicine and Evidence-Based Medicine of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A comprehensive search in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews retrieved all Cochrane SRs directly related to measures for controlling COVID-19 dissemination. The main characteristics and results of all the SRs included were summarized and discussed. RESULTS: Three Cochrane SRs were included in the qualitative synthesis. These evaluated population-based and individual measures for controlling the dissemination of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Low-certainty evidence shows that quarantine for people exposed to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases prevented 44% to 81% of incident cases and 31% to 63% of deaths, compared with situations of no measures. Moreover, the sooner the quarantine measures were implemented, the greater the cost savings were. High-confidence evidence showed that clear communication about infection control and prevention guidelines was vital for successful implementation. Low-certainty evidence showed that healthcare professionals with long gowns were less exposed to contamination than were those using coveralls. In addition, coveralls were more difficult to doff. Further SRs on controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection are desirable.

Evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection. A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection has high transmissibility and several measures have been adopted for controlling its dissemination. OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) regarding measures for controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: This review of Cochrane SRs was carried out in the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and in the Division of Emergency Medicine and Evidence-Based Medicine of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A comprehensive search in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews retrieved all Cochrane SRs directly related to measures for controlling COVID-19 dissemination. The main characteristics and results of all the SRs included were summarized and discussed. RESULTS: Three Cochrane SRs were included in the qualitative synthesis. These evaluated population-based and individual measures for controlling the dissemination of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Low-certainty evidence shows that quarantine for people exposed to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases prevented 44% to 81% of incident cases and 31% to 63% of deaths, compared with situations of no measures. Moreover, the sooner the quarantine measures were implemented, the greater the cost savings were. High-confidence evidence showed that clear communication about infection control and prevention guidelines was vital for successful implementation. Low-certainty evidence showed that healthcare professionals with long gowns were less exposed to contamination than were those using coveralls. In addition, coveralls were more difficult to doff. Further SRs on controlling the dissemination of COVID-19 infection are desirable.