Development of superoxide dismutase based visual and spectrophotometric method for rapid differentiation of fresh and frozen-thawed buffalo meat.

Study aimed to develop biomarker-based assay for rapid detection of fresh and frozen-thawed buffalo meat in the supply chain. The method is based on development of a solvent system and identification of suitable substrate and developer for screening of biomarkers. For the confirmation column chromatography, gel electrophoresis and Western Blotting were carried out. Validation was done by intra- and inter-day validation, storability study, and determination of thermal history. Best results were shown with pH 8.0 Tris-HCl; extraction buffer, 205 µM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen; substrate, 184 µM Nitroblue tetrazolium, and 1.9 µM phenazine methosulfate; developer. The thermal history ranged from 0.14 to 0.17 during storage at -20 °C. The intra- and inter-day assay precision (CV %) ranged from 5.3 to 6.5 %; in chilled and 14.1 - 9.2 % in frozen-thawed samples. The study confirmed SOD as a viable biomarker. Developed method using SOD has significant potential for rapidly differentiating chilled or frozen-thawed meat.

In-vitro functional efficacy of extracts from Phyllanthus emblica, Eucalyptus globulus, Tinospora cordifolia as pancreatic lipase inhibitor and source of anti-oxidant in goat meat nuggets.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the functional efficacy of plant extracts as a source of pancreatic lipase inhibitor and antioxidant in goat meat nuggets to address the fat paradox issue of red meat. The PPLIA, antioxidant potential, and resistance against fat digestion were in the order ofPhyllanthus emblica > Eucalyptus globulus > Tinospora cordifolia.PPL inhibition activities of water and ethanolic extracts fromPhyllanthus emblicausing DNPB and Triolein as substrate were 63.76, 67.94 and 56.17 and 64.36 percent respectively whereas, TPC, DPPH RSA, FRPA were 40.82 and 59.52 (mgGAE/g), 54.89 and 59.84 (percent), 1.26 and 1.61 (OD) respectively. The average diameter of fat globules in digest was maximum (8.91 µm) withPhyllanthus emblicafruits extracts whereas; TBARs (0.347 mg MDA/Kg) and FFA (4.47 µg/g) values were lowest. This study showed that extracts from plants can act as a promising natural alternative in the development of healthy meat products.

Effect of essential oils incorporated edible film on quality and storage stability of chicken patties at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 °C).

A blend of oregano and thyme essential oils (EOs) incorporated edible film was evaluated to improve the storage quality of chicken meat patties. Several preliminary trials were carried out to optimize the levels of bio-polymer to obtained desired edible film as a carrier and blend of EOs as bio preservatives. Preliminary studies indicated that 1.5% (w/v) solution of carrageenan as bio-polymer and 0.10% (v/v) oregano with 0.15% (v/v) thyme EOs in blend form as antimicrobial were suitable. Chicken meat patties wrapped with edible film incorporated with aforementioned EOs, packaged aerobically were stored at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 °C) for further studies. Results of refrigeration storage, showed that control samples had significantly higher pH and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances value than EOs treated products. There were significantly lower microbial counts observed in treatment samples (with EOs) and found well within permissible limit as compared to control. All the treatment samples showed lower or comparable flavour score in regard with control. It was found that shelf-life of chicken meat patties increased significantly (P < 0.05) during refrigerated storage and showed acceptable quality up to storage period of 30 days.

Effect of curing ingredients and vacuum packaging on the physico-chemical and storage quality of ready-to-eat Vawksa rep (smoked pork product) during refrigerated storage.

AIM: The present study was conducted for the development of ready-to-eat Vawksa rep (smoked pork product) and to study the synergistic effect of curing ingredients and vacuum packaging on the physico-chemical and storage quality during refrigerated storage at (4°C±1°C) for 15 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different batches of Vawksa rep samples were prepared, i.e., T-1 (uncured, first cooked at 121°C for 15 min, and then smoked at 120°C for 30 min), T-2 (uncured, cooked, and smoked simultaneously at 120°C for 45 min), T-3 (cured, first cooked at 121°C for 15 min, and then smoked at 120°C for 30 min), and T-4 (cured, cooked, and smoked simultaneously at 120°C for 45 min). RESULTS: Cooking yield was significantly higher (p<0.05) for the T-4. The pH of T-3 and T-4 samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) on day 15. The tyrosine value of all the samples increased significantly (p<0.05) among the different days of analysis. Thiobarbituric acid value was significantly (p<0.05) lower in T-3 sample both at the beginning and at the end of storage period. In microbiological profile, total plate count was lower in T-3 and T-4 than T-1 and T-2. However, Escherichia coli count was negative for T-3 and T-4 samples throughout the storage period. Among sensory attributes, T-3 and T-4 samples registered superior scores for color, flavor, texture, juiciness, and overall acceptability. CONCLUSION: Furthermore, Vawksa rep (smoked pork product) could be prepared easily with little technology up-gradation and with a negligible escalation of production cost.

Effect of dietary fiber on properties and acceptance of meat products: a review.

Meat is an important source of all essential nutritional components of our daily diet as it content most of the essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals which are lack in plant based food, but it is devoid of dietary fiber, which is very essential component for normal physiological/biochemical process. During meat products processing, its functional values can be improved by supplementation of dietary fiber rich vegetative substances like cereal and pulse flour, vegetable and fruits pulp, etc. by this process, a significant proportion of required daily allowance of dietary fiber can be fulfilled for the frequent meat consumers. The consumption of meat products fortified with of dietary fiber can lead to the prevention of diseases like coronary heart disease, diabetes, irritable bowel disease, obesity, etc. On the other hand, the dietary fiber can effectively be incorporated in the processed meat products as binders, extender, and filler, they can significantly replace the unhealthy fat components from the products; increase acceptability by improving nutritional components, pH, water-holding capacity, emulsion stability, shear press value, sensory characters, etc. of finished products. Addition of dietary fiber in the meat products can increase the cooking yield therefore the economic gain as well.

Scope of millet grains as an extender in meat products.

India stood first for millet production in the world and plays a significant role in meat production and consumption too. To meet the demand of health conscious consumers for healthy and nutritious meat food item, the incorporation of millet grains and its byproducts to the meat products by the processors can serve the purpose. The multidimensional positive nutritional and functional characteristics millet grain not only improve the acceptability of the meat products but also increase its own demand as a main coarse food grain in competition to the wheat and rice over the world.

Preparation and storage stability of meat spread developed from spent hens.

AIM: The present study was carried out to develop a meat spread as a healthier alternative to already existing meat products utilizing undervalued spent hen meat to add a new dimension to meat products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carcasses were processed within 30 min of slaughter and conditioned at 4±1°C for about 24 h and then braised along with other ingredients to get the final product. The products were evaluated for proximate composition, peroxide values, pH, microbiological, and sensory qualities as per standard procedures. RESULTS: The mean percent values for moisture, crude protein, ether extract, and total ash content of developed product were 58.75±0.32, 9.12±0.44, 11.19±0.16, and 2.35±0.17, respectively. No significant difference was observed for mean coliform and the yeast and mold counts with the progression of storage period, but samples differed significantly for mean pH, thiobarbituric acid and total viable plate count during storage of meat spread. A progressive decline in mean sensory scores was recorded along with the increase in storage time. CONCLUSION: The meat spread was found to be a good alternative to process the underutilized spent hens for its efficient utilization for product development.

Efficacy of flaxseed flour as bind enhancing agent on the quality of extended restructured mutton chops.

Consumers have become very conscious about their nutrition and well being due to changes in their socio-economic lifestyle and rapid urbanization. Therefore, development of technology for production of low cost and functional meat products is urgently required. One such approach is innovative restructuring technology in which binding of meat pieces still remains the main challenge and extension of product is generally associated with poor binding and texture. Thus, the present study was envisaged as an attempt to solve this problem by the incorporation of flaxseed flour (FF) as bind enhancing agent. The FF was used at three different levels viz., 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% to replace lean meat in pre-standardized restructured mutton chops formulation. The products were subjected to analysis for physico-chemical, sensory and textural properties. Cooking yield, moisture percentage and fat percentage increased with increase in the level of incorporation of FF, however, protein percent and pH decreased with increase in the level of incorporation. Shear force value of product incorporated with 1.5% FF was significantly higher (p<0.01) than control and product containing 0.5% FF level. Among the sensory attributes, product with 1% flaxseed flour showed significantly higher values (p<0.05) for general appearance, binding, texture and overall acceptability. Hardness showed significant increasing (p<0.01) values with increasing levels of incorporation of flaxseed flour, however all other parameters of texture profile analysis showed a decreasing trend. On the basis of sensory scores and physico-chemical properties, the optimum incorporation level of FF was adjudged as 1%. Products incorporated with optimum level of flaxseed flour (1%) were also assessed for water activity and microbiological quality during the storage period of 15 days. It was found that the extended restructured product could be safely stored under refrigeration (4°C±1°C) in low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches for 15 days without marked deterioration in sensory and microbiological quality. Thus, it was concluded that flaxseed flour can be used as a good bind enhancing agent in extended restructured meat products at an economic cost.