Early detection and determinants of dementia in the working area of Mojolangu Public Health Center, Malang (Indonesia).

Lack of public awareness about the symptoms of dementia and the absence of dementia screening can lead to delays in diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of dementia in the working area of Mojolangu Public Health Center Malang. This crosssectional study was conducted in January- March 2020. A total of 84 respondents aged ≥45 years old who registered at the Integrated Health Service Post for the Elderly were selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. Dementia was assessed by using The Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the determinants of dementia. The prevalence of dementia from mild to severe was found to be 69%. Sex, smoking behavior, and education level had a significant relationship with dementia. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out early detection of dementia to the public. People can be encouraged to stop smoking and optimize various activities that can hone cognitive functions, such as reading, discussing, doing hobbies to prevent early dementia.

Sex and age differences in the COVID-19 mortality in East Jakarta, Indonesia: Analysis of COVID-19 surveillance system.

Demographic factors have been reported to worsen COVID-19 outcomes. However, there is limited evidence about the different effects of sex and age on COVID-19 death in East Jakarta, Indonesia. This study examined the Association between sex and age with COVID-19 mortality. Using COVID- 19 surveillance data of East Jakarta from March 2020 to December 2021, we calculated COVID-19 mortality and examined the risk of COVID-19 death by sex and age. The risk of COVID-19 death associated with sex and age was examined by using Multiple Logistic Regression. A total of 202.412 cases were analyzed and 1.9% of them died. The elderly had a 41.88-folds increased risk of COVID-19 mortality than younger patients (<45 years) (aOR 41.88; 95% CI 37.49-46.77; p-value <0.0001). Male had a higher risk of COVID-19 death compared to female (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.19-1.35; pvalue <0.0001). Age and sex had a significant association with COVID-19 mortality. Adequate management of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the elderly and male patients, may reduce the severity of COVID-19 or even mortality.

Physical inactivity and chronic diseases among disabled adults in Indonesia.

Physical activity is a recognized determinant in preventing non-communicable diseases. However, people with disabilities have more barriers to do physical activity. This study was conducted to assess the physical activity level of disabled adults in Indonesia and its association with chronic diseases. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5. As many as 2927 adults with disabilities involved in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) was used to measure physical activity. Chronic diseases were assessed based on the diagnosed disease records. Univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression were performed to analyse the data. The proportion of low physical activity among adults with disabilities reached 36.2%. The number of persons with disabilities who suffer from chronic diseases was 10.8%. Disabled adults with low physical activity had higher odds of getting chronic diseases than those with moderatehigh physical activity (p-value = 0.04; aOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.12-1.84) after being controlled by other covariates. Engaging disabled persons according to the appropriate types of physical activity may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Behavioral risk factors and periodontal disease in Malang, Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of behavioral risk factors for periodontal disease among 19-64 age group in Malang City. METHOD: A non-experimental quantitative analytic with a cross sectional study approach was used in this study. The respondents were 331 patients who visited the dental clinics of the Health Centers in Malang City. A cluster random sampling technique was used in this study. The instrument used was questionnaire. The data analysis was done through multivariate analyses use logistic-regression. RESULTS: The Wald test results on logistic-regression models showed there is no significant effect of smoking habits and consumption patterns on periodontal disease. There is a significant effect of systemic disease on periodontal disease with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship and effect between systemic disease and periodontal disease in this study.

Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among adults in Indonesia: A cross-sectional population-based national survey.

AIMS: To analyze the association between personal health conditions (self-rated health, physical function, and chronic conditions) and symptoms of depression in Indonesia. METHODS: Data were collected from the Indonesian family life survey 5. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 17,734 respondents. We included depressive symptoms, self-rated health, physical function, chronic conditions, demographics and socioeconomic variables. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to measure symptoms of depression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results showed that 23.47% of respondents had depressive symptoms, 20.04% had poor self-rated health, 55.93% had a poor physical function, and 32.37% had at least one chronic disease. Respondents who had poor self-rated health, had poor physical function, or had a chronic condition were all had a significantly higher odds of experiencing symptoms of depression after controlling for demographic variables (age, sex, married, and education level), social-economic, and smoking status. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with personal health conditions including self-rated health, physical functioning, and chronic conditions among community residents. Strategies that can improve personal health conditions needed to be studied at the community level to improve the level of mental health.

Behavioral risk factors and periodontal disease in Malang, Indonesia

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of behavioral risk factors for periodontal disease among 19–64 age group in Malang City. Method: A non-experimental quantitative analytic with a cross sectional study approach was used in this study. The respondents were 331 patients who visited the dental clinics of the Health Centers in Malang City. A cluster random sampling technique was used in this study. The instrument used was questionnaire. The data analysis was done through multivariate analyses use logistic-regression. Results: The Wald test results on logistic-regression models showed there is no significant effect of smoking habits and consumption patterns on periodontal disease. There is a significant effect of systemic disease on periodontal disease with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a significant relationship and effect between systemic disease and periodontal disease in this study. (AU)