Manual para la elaboración de documentos basados en la evidencia. Herramientas derivadas del conocimiento científico / Handbook for the preparation of evidence-based documents. Tools derived from scientific knowledge

Objetivo. El manual pretende ser una guía, accesible y fácil de consultar, que oriente a los profesionales en la elaboración o adaptación de documentos basados en la evidencia que ayuden a la estandarización de la práctica clínica y a la toma de decisiones velando siempre por la calidad de la misma de forma que siga unos referentes establecidos. Material y métodos. La Comisión de Atención Sanitaria Basada en la Evidencia (CASBE), perteneciente a la estructura de calidad del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, propuso elaborar un manual para la elaboración de documentos basados en la evidencia que incorpore la relación de productos, la descripción de sus características, atributos, utilidad, metodología de elaboración y ámbito de aplicación de cada uno de ellos. Resultados. El manual contiene 7 herramientas basadas en la evidencia, un capítulo sobre metodología de análisis crítico de la literatura científica, un capítulo con recursos en Internet y anexos con herramientas de evaluación. Conclusiones. Este manual ofrece grandes oportunidades para la mejora de la calidad a los clínicos como guía de estandarización de la práctica asistencial, a los gestores como estrategia para promover y fomentar la elaboración de documentos que ayuden a reducir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica y a los pacientes la oportunidad de participar en la planificación de sus cuidados(AU)

Objectives. This handbook is intended to be an accessible, easy-to-consult guide to help professionals produce or adapt Evidence-Based Documents. Such documents will help standardize both clinical practice and decision-making, the quality always being monitored in such a way that established references are complied with. Materials and methods. Evidence-Based Health Care Committee, a member of “Virgen del Rocío” University Hospital quality structure, proposed the preparation of a handbook to produce Evidence-Based Documents including: a description of products, characteristics, qualities, uses, methodology of production, and application scope of every one of them. Results. The handbook consists of seven Evidence-Based tools, one chapter on critical analysis methodology of scientific literature, one chapter with internet resources, and some appendices with different assessment tools. Conclusions. This Handbook provides general practitioners with a great opportunity to improve quality and as a guideline to standardize clinical healthcare, and managers with a strategy to promote and encourage the development of documents in an effort to reduce clinical practice variability, as well as giving patients the opportunity of taking part in planning their own care(AU)

[Handbook for the preparation of evidence-based documents. Tools derived from scientific knowledge]. / Manual para la elaboración de documentos basados en la evidencia. Herramientas derivadas del conocimiento científico.

OBJECTIVES: This handbook is intended to be an accessible, easy-to-consult guide to help professionals produce or adapt Evidence-Based Documents. Such documents will help standardize both clinical practice and decision-making, the quality always being monitored in such a way that established references are complied with. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evidence-Based Health Care Committee, a member of "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital quality structure, proposed the preparation of a handbook to produce Evidence-Based Documents including: a description of products, characteristics, qualities, uses, methodology of production, and application scope of every one of them. RESULTS: The handbook consists of seven Evidence-Based tools, one chapter on critical analysis methodology of scientific literature, one chapter with internet resources, and some appendices with different assessment tools. CONCLUSIONS: This Handbook provides general practitioners with a great opportunity to improve quality and as a guideline to standardize clinical healthcare, and managers with a strategy to promote and encourage the development of documents in an effort to reduce clinical practice variability, as well as giving patients the opportunity of taking part in planning their own care.

Dolor persistente tras hernioplastia inguinal: estudio descriptivo a largo plazo / No disponible

Introducción: Dolor crónico es aquel que permanece tras 3 meses desde la intervención quirúrgica. De etiología multifactorial, puede llegar a ser invalidante para el paciente. Objetivos: Conocer, en nuestro medio, la prevalencia del dolor crónico posthernioplastia inguinal en cirugía programada y régimen ambulatorio. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes diagnosticados de hernia inguinal e intervenidos de manera programada en cirugía mayor ambulatoria entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2006. Dolor inmediato: primeras 72 horas; dolor agudo: 3 primeros meses; dolor crónico: más de 3 meses. Seguimiento: llamada telefónica a las 24 y 48 horas del alta, revisión en consulta al mes y llamada telefónica al año. Resultados: 3.649 pacientes (81,70% hombres), edad media 54,15 años. ASA II 63,55%. Dolor inmediato en el 85% delos pacientes, que cedió con la analgesia pautada; dolor agudo en el 3%, inyectándose corticoide y anestésico local cuando el dolor no cedía pasadas 4 semanas en 3 pacientes; dolor crónico en el 0% de los pacientes seguidos durante un año. Discusión: Durante el primer mes del postoperatorio sólo están indicados analgésicos orales. Pasado este periodo y ante la permanencia de dolor, u na alternativa a la analgesia pautada puede ser la inyección de corticoide y anestésico local en lazona intervenida. Conclusión: El dolor inmediato tras la hernioplastia inguinal programada en régimen ambulatorio así como el producido en los 3 primeros meses, precisa únicamente analgesia oral. Es nula la prevalencia de dolor crónico en nuestra serie (AU)

Introduction: Chronic pain is pain that persists 3 months after the surgical procedure. Of multifactorial etiology, it can be disabling for the patient. Objetives: To determine, in our environment, the prevalence of chronic pain after inguinal hernioplasty scheduled as ambulatory surgery. Material and methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia and who underwent ambulatory surgery between January 2000 and December 2006. Immediate pain: at 72hours; severe pain: up to 3 months; chronic pain: more than 3months. Follow-up: telephone call at 24 and 48 hours after discharge, clinical visit one month after and phone call one year later. Results: 3,649 patients (81.70% male), mean age 54.15years. ASA II 63.55%. Immediate pain in the first 48 hours in 85% of patients, which was controlled with analgesia; severe pain in 3%, in which steroids and local anaesthetic injected in 1-2 sessions were given when the pain did not abate after 4 weeks in 3 patients; chronic pain in 0% of the patients followed for one year. Discussion: During the first month after surgery only oral analgesics are indicated. After this period and if there is persistence of pain, an alternative to analgesia may be the injection of corticosteroids and a local anaesthetic. Conclusion: The immediate pain after inguinal hernia in elective and ambulatory surgery as well as until the first 3 months require only oral analgesia. Is zero the prevalence of chronic pain in our series (AU)

Implantación de catéteres de diálisis peritoneal: Nuestra experiencia a corto y largo plazo / No disponible

Introducción: Experiencia a corto y a largo plazo en la implantación de catéteres de diálisis peritoneal y objetivos establecidos para instaurar la técnica en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria(CMA).Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo durante ocho años. Dos grupos: catéteres tipo Tenckhoff con dos cuff y catéteres tipo Tenckhoff con dos cuff y un lastre final. Peculiaridad quirúrgica: introducción del catéter en una solución antibiótica. Las complicaciones se han dividido en corto y largo plazo en función de que aparecieran o no en la primera semana de implantación. Resultados: Causa más frecuente conocida de insuficiencia renal crónica: diabetes mellitus (9,8%). En el 33,1% (41 catéteres)no hubo ninguna complicación, y destacan el dolor a corto plazo(8,9%) y la peritonitis a largo plazo (8,1%). El 78,4% de los inicialmente implantados no precisaron ser recambiados. Conclusiones: La colocación del catéter peritoneal debe ser realizada en quirófano. La diálisis peritoneal es una técnica segura, eficaz y simple tanto para el cirujano como para el paciente. Presenta escasas complicaciones, fundamentalmente dolor y peritonitis. El catéter se recambia cuando funciona mal o fuga. No existen en la literatura estudios que reflejen la introducción del catéter en una solución antibiótica previo a su colocación. Puede implantarse en régimen de CMA (AU)

Introduction: Our short and long term experience in the implantation of peritoneal catheters is exposed in this study and whether the aims established for ambulatory surgery are fulfilled. Material and methods: An eight year retrospective study. Two groups: catheters type Tenckhoff with two cuffs and catheters type Tenckhoff with two cuffs and a ballast on the end. Surgical peculiarity: the introduction of the catheter in an antibiotic solution. The complications were divided in short and long term depending on when they appeared during the first week of implantation or not. Results: The most frequent reason for chronic renal insufficiency was: diabetes mellitus (9.8%). In 33.1% of cases (41catheters) there were no complications, and only pain on the short-term (8.9%) and peritonitis on the long-term (8.1%).78.43% of the initially implanted catheters did not need to be replaced. Conclusions: The placement of the peritoneal catheter must be done in the operating room.Peritoneal dialysis is a sure, effective and simple technique for the surgeon and for the patient. It presents few complications,mainly pain and peritonitis. The catheter is replaced when it works badly or leaks. There are no studies in the literature that reflectthe introduction of the catheter in an antibiotic solution before its placement. It can be implanted as an AS procedure (AU)

Ictericia obstructiva en varón de 22 años / Obstructive jaundice in 22 years old man

No disponible

Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil as part of induction therapy in liver transplantation.

AIMS: To report our experience with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for induction and maintenance therapy to prevent acute liver transplant rejection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 66 elective, noncombined liver transplant patients treated beginning de novo MMF and follow for a minimum of 2 years. Thirty-nine of the 66 cases received MMF, calcineurin inhibitors, and steroids. In 11 cases daclizumab was added; in 16 daclizumab was added without steroids. RESULTS: The global survival rate was 91% at 6 months, 89.4% at 1 year, and 87.9% after 2 years. Acute rejection episodes were observed in six patients (9.1%). All episodes responded to corticoids. Toxicity possibly, probably, or partially related to MMF was observed in 35 patients (53%) with definitive suspension required in 13 cases (20%), with dose reduction or temporary suspension in 22 (33%). Hematological toxicity associated with MMF was observed in 12 patients (18%), leading to definitive suspension in two patients (3.03%), temporary suspension in two cases (3.03%), and dose reduction in eight cases (12%). Opportunistic infection was observed in seven cases (10%). Gastrointestinal toxicity was mild and infrequent (five cases, 7.5%). CONCLUSION: Regimens containing MMF reduce rejection episodes with high survival rates and low toxicity.