Partial left superior pulmonary vein potential elimination by an inferior ganglionated plexus ablation.

Ganglionated plexus (GP) plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). The GP ablation has been found to be effective for AF treatment. In this case, we reported an AF case in which the pulmonary vein (PV) potentials of the anterior region of the left superior PV were eliminated by an inferior right GP ablation.

Atrial electrical abnormality in patients with Brugada syndrome assessed by signal-averaged electrocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Ventricular fibrillation and atrial fibrillation are well-known arrhythmias in patients with Brugada syndrome. This study evaluated the characteristics of the atrial arrhythmogenic substrate using the signal-averaged electrogram (SAECG) in patients with Brugada syndrome. METHODS: SAECGs were performed during normal sinus rhythm in 23 normal volunteers (control group), 21 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF; PAF group), and 21 with Brugada syndrome (Brugada group). RESULTS: The filtered P wave duration (fPd) in the control, Brugada, and PAF groups was 113.9±12.9ms, 125.3±15.0ms, and 137.1±16.3ms, respectively. The fPd in the PAF group was significantly longer compared to that in the control and Brugada groups (p<0.05). The fPd in the Brugada group was significantly longer than that in the control group (p<0.05) and significantly shorter than that in the PAF group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with Brugada syndrome had abnormal P waves on the SAECG. The abnormal P waves on the SAECG in Brugada syndrome patients may have intermediate characteristics between control and PAF patients.

A Comparison between the Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio and Resting Distal Coronary Artery Pressure/Aortic Pressure and the Fractional Flow Reserve: The Diagnostic Accuracy Can Be Improved by the Use of both Indices.

Objectives The fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an index of the severity of coronary stenosis that has been clinically validated in several studies. The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and the resting distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure (Pd/Pa) are nonhyperemic pressure-derived indices of the severity of stenosis. This study sought to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the iFR and resting Pd/Pa with respect to hyperemic FFR. Methods Following an intracoronary injection of papaverine, the iFR, resting Pd/Pa, and FFR were continuously measured in 123 lesions in 103 patients with stable coronary disease. Results The iFR and resting Pd/Pa values were strongly correlated with the FFR (R=0.794, p<0.001, R=0.832, p<0.0001, respectively). A receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal iFR cut-off value for predicting an FFR of <0.80 was 0.89 (AUC 0.901, sensitivity 84.1%, specificity 80.0%, positive predictive value 69.8%, negative predictive value 90.0%, diagnostic accuracy 81.3%), while the optimal resting Pd/Pa cut-off value was 0.92 (AUC 0.925, sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 78.5%, positive predictive value 70.2%, negative predictive value 93.9%, diagnostic accuracy 82.9%). The lesions with an iFR value of ≤0.89 and a Pd/Pa value of ≤0.92 were defined as double-positive lesions, while the lesions with an iFR value of >0.89 and a Pd/Pa value of >0.92 were defined as double-negative lesions. In these 109 lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 92.3%, 82.9%, 75.0%, 95.1%, and 86.2%, respectively. Conclusion This analysis demonstrated that the iFR and resting Pd/Pa were strongly correlated with the FFR and that the diagnostic accuracy of the iFR was similar to that of the resting Pd/Pa. The diagnostic accuracy can be improved with the use of both the iFR and the resting Pd/Pa.

Contrast-induced Hyperemia as an Alternative to Drug-induced Hyperemia in the Evaluation of the Fractional Flow Reserve in Coronary Lesions.

Objective Measuring the fractional flow reserve (FFR) requires the induction of coronary hyperemia, usually with adenosine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or papaverine. However, adenosine can induce rhythmic complications, and intracoronary boluses of papaverine that prolong the QT interval can cause ventricular tachycardia. Injection of contrast media, which is routinely performed to validate the FFR guidewire placement, also induces hyperemia and may be an alternative method of measuring the FFR. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the FFR after contrast hyperemia (FFRcont) compared to FFR evaluated after intracoronary papaverine (FFRpp). Methods This study included 109 lesions in 93 patients (mean age 70.4±8.7 years) with stable coronary disease. The FFR was measured as follows: 1) baseline pressure value; 2) FFRcont after intracoronary contrast injection (iopamidol, 8 mL for left coronary artery [LCA] or 6 mL for right coronary artery [RCA]); 3) FFRpp after intracoronary injection of papaverine (12 mg for LCA or 8 mg for RCA). Results FFRcont values were strongly correlated with FFRpp (R=0.940, p<0.0001; FFRpp = FFRcont ×1.007-0.032). The best cut-off point in the receiver operator curve analysis for predicting a FFRpp <0.80 was 0.82 (area under the curve =0.980; sensitivity 95.1%, specificity 91.2%, positive predictive value 86.7%, negative predictive value 96.9%). Conclusion FFRcont is highly accurate for predicting FFRpp. An FFRcont threshold value of 0.82 provides excellent sensitivity and a negative predictive value. FFRcont is an alternative method of inducing hyperemia.

A case of subacute stent thrombosis after drug-coated balloon coronary angioplasty for in-stent restenosis under single anti-platelet therapy.

This report describes a case of subacute stent thrombosis (SAT) after drug-coated balloon (DCB). A 79-year-old male was investigated for stable angina. An in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesion was detected by coronary angiography. A skin reaction related to the anti-platelet agent thienopyridine was also observed at this time. Therefore, DCB was used to treat the ISR lesion under single anti-platelet therapy (aspirin). However, 3 days after percutaneous coronary intervention, SAT occurred. OCT did not reveal the underlying cause of SAT. Further data are needed to clarify the optimal duration of dual anti-platelet therapy after DCB.

The Difference between the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of newly progressed coronary lesions in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

BACKGROUND: Generally, newly progressed coronary lesions (NPCLs) are considered to be composed of lipid-rich plaques. In case of vulnerable plaque rupture, they may quickly become culprit lesions responsible for acute coronary syndromes. METHODS: Between September 2011 and September 2015, 2034 patients underwent scheduled follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Tsuchiya General Hospital. Patients with NPCLs found by CAG during the follow-up period were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). NPCLs were defined as the lesions with less than 50% diameter stenosis, which progressed to more than 75% diameter stenosis within 3years after the previous CAG. Patients with restenosis after PCI were excluded. We compared OCT findings of NPCLs between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. RESULTS: The follow-up CAG showed NPCLs in 64 patients (3.2%). OCT revealed fibrous plaque in 42 patients (65.6%) and thin-cap fibroatheroma in one patient. Thirteen patients had chest symptoms for one month before CAG and the remaining 51 patients were asymptomatic. The prevalence of fibrous plaque and intimal disruption or plaque rupture were not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (61.5% vs. 66.7%, p=0.752 and 30.8% vs. 11.8%, p=0.213, respectively). However, thrombi were more frequently observed in symptomatic patients (61.5% vs. 13.7%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of NPCLs found in asymptomatic patients at follow-up CAG were not vulnerable; however, those found in symptomatic patients might be vulnerable. In clinical practice, NPCLs found in asymptomatic patients should be evaluated for functional severity of stenosis in order to determine the need for coronary revascularization.

Endovascular Therapy Is Effective for Leriche Syndrome with Deep Vein Thrombosis.

A 65-year-old man presented to our hospital due to intermittent claudication and swelling in his left leg. He had Leriche syndrome and deep vein thrombosis. We performed endovascular therapy (EVT) for Leriche syndrome, and a temporary filter was inserted in the inferior vena cava. He received anticoagulation therapy for deep vein thrombosis. The stenotic lesion in the terminal aorta was stented with an excellent postprocedural angiographic result and dramatic clinical improvement after EVT. This case suggests that EVT can be a treatment for Leriche syndrome.

Comparison of everolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents in dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that the incidence of 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) was lower than that in the sirolimus-eluting stents in dialysis patients. However, it remains unclear whether there are differences in clinical outcomes between everolimus-eluting stents (EES) and PES. METHODS: Between February 2010 and September 2013, 102 maintenance dialysis patients with 135 lesions treated with EES were compared to 107 maintenance dialysis patients with 147 lesions treated with PES. One-year clinical outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus was present in 64.7% in the EES group and 71.0% in the PES group (p = 0.33). Heavy calcification was in 27.4% vs. 34.0% (p = 0.23). Rotational atherectomy was undergone in 11.1% vs. 23.1% (p < 0.01). Total stented length was not significantly different (23.5 ± 14.6 mm vs. 24.4 ± 13.2 mm, p = 0.60). One patient in the EES group was lost to follow up. At 12 months, MACE occurred in 13.2% in the EES group and 17.4% in the PES group (p = 0.25). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was observed in 9.5% vs. 10.4% respectively (p = 0.77). Mortality was 11.8% vs. 13.1% (p = 0.35). Cardiac death was 5.0% vs. 7.7% (p = 0.09). Definite stent thrombosis was observed in 2.0% vs. 0% (p = 0.14). Subgroup analysis in patients with diabetes mellitus revealed no significant differences in MACE (12.7% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.36), TLR (8.3% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.42), mortality (13.7% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.28), and cardiac death (6.3% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.15) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: One-year clinical outcomes following EES and PES implantations are similar in dialysis patients.

Validation of lactate level as a predictor of early mortality in acute decompensated heart failure patients who entered intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The significance of routine measurement of lactate level is unclear in patients with critical acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive 754 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in our hospital from January 2007 to March 2012 and given a diagnosis of ADHF were eligible for retrospective entry into the registry. Lactate level was measured on admission from routine arterial blood sample and we investigated by comparing the lactate level and parameters of conventional in-hospital mortality predictors. Among the patients, 88 (12%) died during hospitalization. The lactate level had great power to predict in-hospital mortality, as suggested by the c-statistics of 0.71. The occurrence of in-hospital death was more pronounced in patients with high levels of lactate (>3.2mmol/l) and the tendency was observed in patients in both the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and non-ACS group. In multivariate analysis, elevated lactate levels remained an independent predictor of in-hospital death (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-4.21; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of arterial lactate on admission were related to worse in-hospital mortality in patients with ADHF either with or without ACS, suggesting that the presence of high lactate in patients who enter the ICU with ADHF could help stratify the initial risk of early mortality.

Comparison of sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients with moderate renal insufficiency: results from the J-DESsERT trial.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there are differences in clinical outcomes between sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) in patients with moderate renal insufficiency (RI). METHODS: The Japan-Drug Eluting Stents Evaluation; a Randomized Trial (J-DESsERT) was a prospective, randomized multicenter trial which compared 1:1 coronary stenting between SES and PES patients. Patient with serious RI (serum creatinine value 2mg/dL or higher) were excluded. Patients were classified into 2 arms according to renal function: a non-RI arm of 2220 patients (SES 1094 and PES 1126 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2)) and an RI arm of 1206 patients (SES 613, PES 593 with 30≤eGFR <60 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2)). RESULTS: At 12 months, the primary endpoint of target vessel failure in the non-RI arm occurred in 6.0% in the SES group and 8.7% in the PES group (p=0.02). In the RI arm, this occurred in 5.7% and 8.1% (p=0.10). Mortality rates were 0.8% vs 0.7% (p=0.78) in the non-RI arm, and 2.2% vs 2.1% (p=0.90) in the RI arm. Cardiac death was 0.4% vs 0.1% (p=0.17) in the non-RI arm, and 1.0% vs 1.0% (p=0.96) in the RI arm. Mortality was higher in patients with RI than those without RI (2.1% vs 0.8%; p<0.01). Cardiac death rates increased in the RI arm compared with those in the non-RI arm (1.0% vs 0.2%; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the presence or absence of moderate RI, differences in outcomes between SES and PES change little except mortality and cardiac death.

Causes of very late stent thrombosis investigated using optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVE: Very late stent thrombosis (VLST) remains an unresolved problem, and recent reports have indicated that VLST onset can occur in patients treated with both drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare metal stents (BMS). We evaluated the causes of VLST using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: OCT was performed in 22 patients (12 DES-treated patients, 10 BMS-treated patients). Because two instances of VLST occurred simultaneously in one case in the DES group, the DES group comprised 13 lesions, while the BMS group comprised 10 lesions. All struts were counted in each frame, and the proportion of uncovered or malapposed struts was calculated based on the overall number of struts in the stent. RESULTS: The interval from stent implantation to VLST onset was significantly longer in the BMS group. The proportion of uncovered struts and the ratio of malapposed struts were significantly higher in the DES group than in the BMS group. The OCT analysis demonstrated intimal hyperplasia or intimal disruption in all patients in the BMS group. However, in the DES group, severe hyperplasia and/or neoatherosclerosis was observed in only eight lesions (61.5%), while uncovered and malapposed struts were involved in the other lesions. CONCLUSION: In most BMS-treated lesions, it appeared that VLST was caused by the occurrence of neoatherosclerosis after stent implantation. The causes of VLST in DES-treated lesions are more various and complicated than those observed for BMS-treated lesions.

Impact of angiographic peri-stent contrast staining (PSS) on late adverse events after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: an observation from the multicenter j-Cypher registry PSS substudy.

This study sought to assess clinical significance of angiographic peri-stent contrast staining (PSS) after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation in a large multicenter study with 5-year follow-up. The j-Cypher PSS substudy is a multicenter study including 5712 patients (7838 lesions) who underwent follow-up angiographic study within 12 months after SES implantation. Late acquired PSS was observed in 184 patients (3.2 %) or 194 lesions (2.5 %). Independent risk factors of PSS were chronic total occlusion and left anterior descending artery lesion, while negative risk factors were in-stent restenosis, diabetes mellitus, ≥70 years of age, and left circumflex coronary artery lesion. Cumulative incidence of definite very late stent thrombosis (VLST) at 4 years after the index follow-up angiography in lesions with PSS was significantly higher than that in lesions without PSS (5.3 versus 0.7 %, P < 0.0001). Late target-lesion revascularization (TLR) was also more frequently observed in the PSS group (13 versus 6.9 %, P = 0.01), while late TLR for restenosis excluding those TLR procedures for VLST tended to be higher in the PSS group (9.9 versus 6.3 %; P = 0.15). PSS found in 2.5 % of lesions within 12 months after SES implantation was associated with higher risk for subsequent VLST.

Effect of statin on the 5 years clinical outcomes in dialysis patients treated with sirolimus-eluting stent.

OBJECTIVE: The optimal medication therapies are recommended in patients with coronary artery disease even after the coronary revascularization. However, the information of optimal medical therapy in dialysis population is scant. We assessed the efficacy of statin on the clinical outcomes after Sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation in patients with and without dialysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed date from 843 consecutive patients who successfully treated with SES in our institution between August 2004 and November 2006. Among patients, 96 patients (11.4%) were undergoing dialysis. In non-dialysis patients, 405 patients (54%) were treated with statin at hospital discharge. In dialysis patients, only 16 patients (17%) were treated with statin. In non-dialysis patients, mortality rate was significantly lower in patients treated with statin than those without statin (4.4% vs. 13.9%, p<0.0001). While in dialysis patients, mortality rate was similar between patients treated with and without statin (56.3% vs. 57.6%, p=0.86). After adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratios for mortality were 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.99; p=0.047) in non-dialysis patients and 1.79 (95% CI, 0.39-7.86; 0.45) for dialysis patients. The interaction probability between statin use and dialysis for mortality was 0.016. CONCLUSION: The use of statin may have beneficial effect on reducing mortality rate in patients after SES implantation in non-dialysis patients. However, such favorable effect was not observed in dialysis population.

Comparison of heart-type fatty acid binding protein and sensitive troponin for the diagnosis of early acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The current development of serological biomarkers allows detection of smaller myocardial necrosis and early acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated the relevance of the heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) assay, which has recently been approved in Japan, for early diagnosis of AMI as compared with the sensitive troponin assay. METHODS: This is an observational study in a single center. From 2010 July to 2011 January, 114 patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of AMI were enrolled. RESULTS: AMI was adjudicated in 45 patients (40%). The diagnostic accuracy of measurements obtained at presentation for AMI, as quantified by the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), was significantly lower with H-FABP assay than the sensitive troponin assay [AUC for H-FABP, 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48-0.70; and for troponin I, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94; P<.0001]. Among patients who presented within 2h after the onset of chest pain, the AUC for H-FABP was even low as compared with sensitive troponin (0.55; 0.39-0.72 vs. 0.89; 0.80-0.98, p<0.001). The clinical sensitivity for the diagnosis of AMI with the cutoff point of 99 th percentile was similar in both assays (81% and 81%, respectively), however, the specificity was extremely low in the H-FABP assay as compared with sensitive troponin assay (19% and 79%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The measurement of H-FABP in 114 consecutive patients with chest pain suggestive of AMI showed no improvement of diagnosis for early AMI as compared with the current sensitive troponin assay because of its extremely low specificity.

Impact of platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate before implantation of drug-eluting stents on subsequent adverse cardiac events in patients with stable angina.

BACKGROUND: Diverse pharmacological effects of anti-platelet thienopyridines due to individual differences in metabolism have been reported. However, an association between on-treatment platelet reactivity and adverse ischemic events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in Japanese patients has not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 450 consecutive patients on dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin and ticlopidine) with stable angina who underwent DES implantation were enrolled. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was measured before DES implantation using the screen filtration pressure method. The ADP concentration necessary for 50% aggregation was designated as the platelet aggregation threshold index (PATI). A composite primary endpoint of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis occurring within 1 year after stenting, was evaluated. A PATI value <4.8 µmol/L was defined as high on-treatment reactivity to ADP. The composite primary endpoint occurred in 55 patients (12.2%) in the 1-year-period after DES implantation, and the prevalence was 19.0% and 5.1% in groups with high and low on-treatment reactivity to ADP, respectively, showing a significantly higher prevalence in the high reactivity group (P<0.001). The main event was TLR (18.1% vs. 5.1%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that high on-treatment platelet reactivity to ADP and subsequent occurrence of adverse ischemic events (particularly TLR) were correlated in patients with stable angina who underwent DES implantation.

[Elderly patients].

Persons of advanced years are rapidly increasing wherever in the world and sweeping cardiovascular disease. Especially age of > or = 75 are occupying wide field in vascular disease and growing fastest in the proportion of ill population. They have more co-morbidities including cognitive decline, therefore we should be more discretion when we judge the indication and strategy of vascular intervention in the elderly patients. Although vascular intervention in the elderly patients, as such, would have been prevailing like as in the younger people, it is specifically significant to seize the background of elderly individuals when we face vascular invalids.

Clinical usefulness of drug-eluting stents in the treatment of dialysis patients with coronary artery disease.

AIMS: To investigate the clinical outcomes of paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) in patients on dialysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between May 2004 and December 2008, 95 patients on dialysis with 124 lesions were treated with PES alone, and were compared to 184 patients on dialysis with 244 lesions treated with SES alone, retrospectively. One-year major adverse cardiac event (MACE) including stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac death were compared. Baseline characteristics were similar except for previous CABG (p = 0.02) and reference vessel diameter (p = 0.04). During hospitalisation, all cause death was more frequently observed in the PES group (p = 0.004). In-hospital MACE was not significantly different (p = 0.8). The incidence of 1-year MACE in the PES group was lower than that in the SES group (14.7%, 28.3%, p = 0.04), mainly due to the reduction of TLR (11.6%, 25.0%, p = 0.03). Rates of stent thrombosis (0%, 2.7%, p = 0.1), MI (1.1%, 3.8%, p = 0.2), and cardiac death (3.2%, 4.4%, p = 0.6) were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: PES appears to be more efficient in reducing angiographic and clinical restenosis in dialysis patients compared with SES.

A case of adult patient ductus arteriosus with congestive heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation.

A 46-year-old woman presented herself at the hospital with progressive effort dyspnea and lower limbs edema which she had had for 3 months. She had a history of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at the age of 25-year-old. A transthoracic cardiac ultrasonography showed left ventricular dilatation, severe functional mitral regurgitation, and a recurrent shunt of PDA. Percutaneous coil closure of PDA was performed and 6 months after the procedure, resolution of functional mitral regurgitation and normalization of left atrial and ventricular sizes were achieved.

A case of acute coronary syndrome caused by extrinsic compression of the left main coronary artery due to pulmonary hypertension.

Stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) due to extrinsic compression, producing symptoms of myocardial ischemia, is called left main compression syndrome. We report on a 43-year-old male with acute coronary syndrome who developed left main compression syndrome while waiting for a lung transplantation secondary to interstitial pneumonia, but underwent successful LMCA stenting as emergent treatment. Coronary angiography 3 months after the operation showed good stent patency in the LMCA, and the clinical course was favorable.

Exogenous adenosine triphosphate disodium administration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention reduces no-reflow and preserves left ventricular function in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: a study using myocardial contrast echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether adenosine triphosphate disodium (ATP) administration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is useful in anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: The study was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label trial. Primary PCI was successfully performed in 204 consecutive patients with first anterior AMI. ATP at a mean dose of 117 microg/kg/min for 45 min on an average was infused intravenously during PCI in 100 patients (Group 1). In the other 104 patients, normal saline was administered (Group 2). ST-segment resolution (STR) was estimated 90 min after recanalization. The no-reflow ratio was measured 2 weeks later, using intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LV regional wall motion (LVRWM), and LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) were measured 6 months later. RESULTS: Baseline patient characteristics of the two groups were similar, including TIMI risk scores. Significant STR (> or =50% resolution compared to baseline) (66% versus 50%; Group 1 versus Group 2, p=0.02), no-reflow ratio (24% versus 34%, indicated by mean values, p=0.02), LVEF (61% versus 55%, p=0.0007), LVRWM (-1.56 versus -2.05, using the SD/chord, p=0.0001), and LVEDVI (60 ml/m(2) versus 71 ml/m(2), p=0.0007) were significantly better in Group 1, and the no-reflow ratio, LVEF, LVRWM and LVEDVI were significantly better in ATP-administered patients, regardless of antecedent angina or advanced age. ATP Administration was consistently identified as a significant determinant for STR, no-reflow ratio, LVEF, LVRWM, and LVEDVI. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ATP administration during reperfusion is an independent determinant of STR and the no-reflow ratio, and LVEF, LVRWM, and LVEDVI at 6 months after primary PCI.