Corrigendum: Correlation between blood glucose and cerebrospinal fluid glucose levels in patients with differences in glucose metabolism.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1103026.].

Correlation between blood glucose and cerebrospinal fluid glucose levels in patients with differences in glucose metabolism.

Objectives: We aimed to determine a method to identify normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels by examining the correlation between blood and CSF glucose levels in patients with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: One hundred ninety-five patients were divided into two groups according to their glucose metabolism. The glucose levels were obtained from CSF and fingertip blood at 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 h before lumbar puncture. SPSS 22.0 software was used for the statistical analysis. Results: In both the normal and abnormal glucose metabolism groups, CSF glucose levels increased with blood glucose levels at 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 h before lumbar puncture. In the normal glucose metabolism group, the CSF/blood glucose ratio range was 0.35-0.95 at 0-6 h before lumbar puncture, and the CSF/average blood glucose ratio range was 0.43-0.74. In the abnormal glucose metabolism group, the CSF/blood glucose ratio range was 0.25-1.2 at 0-6 h before lumbar puncture, and the CSF/average blood glucose ratio range was 0.33-0.78. Conclusion: The CSF glucose level is influenced by the blood glucose level 6 h before lumbar puncture. In patients with normal glucose metabolism, direct measurement of the CSF glucose level can be used to determine whether the CSF level is normal. However, in patients with abnormal or unclear glucose metabolism, the CSF/average blood glucose ratio should be used to determine whether the CSF glucose level is normal.

Autoimmune encephalitis mimicking sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A retrospective study.

Autoimmune encephalitis associated with anti-voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies are most likely to be misdiagnosed as sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Our goal was to delineate patients who were initially suspected to have CJD but were later found to have AE. We performed a retrospective clinical review of cases of individuals and made a comparison between groups of patients diagnosed with sCJD and AE. Patients who had rapidly progressing dementia and focal neurological impairment, such as aphasia, gait disturbance, visual disturbance, and depression, at onset were diagnosed with sCJD, whereas epilepsy, hyponatremia and dysautonomia were strong hints for AE. Fluoroscope-positron emission tomography (PET) of patients with AE revealed variable metabolism and normative and long-term immunosuppression were less likely to relapse.

A Clinical Study of Miliary Brain Tuberculomas in China.

Brain tuberculomas can exhibit many different clinical and radiological patterns. However, disseminated or miliary brain tuberculomas are very rare. Miliary brain tuberculomas have specific clinical prognostic implications. Seven patients diagnosed with miliary brain tuberculomas between December 2004 and August 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Their clinical features, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed. The median patient age was 42 years (range, 22-66 years). Six patients presented with fever, 5 with headache, 4 with papilledema, and 3 with diplopia. MRI studies revealed multiple brain lesions. MRI showed 20-50 lesions at the same level. These lesions measured approximately 2-4 mm in diameter and exhibited ring or nodular enhancement after gadolinium injection. All patients began to recover within 2 weeks of initiating antitubercular therapy (ATT). The number of lesions visible on MRI scans was halved within a month, and all lesions had healed without sequelae after 18 months of regular ATT. Miliary brain tuberculoma is a rare form of central nervous system tuberculosis. Some special characteristics of miliary brain tuberculomas are as follows: First, the presence of mild atypical clinical manifestations and almost normal laboratory findings; second, severe radiological features and 20-50 lesions at the same level on MRI scans; and third, a good response to standard ATT. Finally, they are benign; for instance, no patients died in our study. Early diagnosis and treatment can result in full recovery.

Diffusion-weighted MRI findings and clinical correlations in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

The objective of this study is to investigate the hyperintense lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and its clinical correlation in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Patients who suffered from sCJD and followed up at the Department of Neurology at the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army during the period of June 1, 2007 to July 1, 2014 were reviewed. The location of the hyperintense lesions on DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the hyperintense lesions were correlated with symptoms and clinical course. A total of 58 sCJD patients and ten healthy controls were included. Hyperintense lesions on DWI were observed in all the patients. The patients with basal ganglia (BG) hyperintense lesions on DWI had shorter disease duration and higher incidence of myoclonus (92 versus 44 %) than those without BG hyperintense lesions. The patients with occipital cortex hyperintense lesions on DWI had shorter disease duration between symptom onset and akinetic mutism than those without these lesions. The lower of the BG ADC value the faster presence of akinetic mutism and the shorter disease duration the patients will have. The presence of BG and occipital cortex hyperintense lesions on DWI and BG ADC values is correlated with the clinical course and clinical symptoms.

Characteristics of CADASIL in Chinese mainland patients.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) has been reported in many geographical regions. However, relatively few reports about CADASIL in Chinese were reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance (MRI) features and genetic data of 52 Chinese mainland CADASIL patients. RESULTS: Mean age of onset was 42.43 years. The primary clinical manifestations included: Ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (62.5%), primary intracerebral hemorrhage (25%), vertigo (25%), migraine (39.58%), dementia (18.75%) and emotional disturbance (20.83%). The most frequently observed MRI abnormalities were hyperintensity in the cerebral white matter on T2-weighted images and multiple infarcts, high-signal lesions on T2 images in anterior temporal lobes and external capsule were uncommon. The highest mutation frequency was in exon regions, 4 and 3, followed by exon 11. Granular osmiophilic material (GOM) was identified in 66.67% of the cases examined with biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Most characteristics of Chinese mainland CADASIL patients are similar to those of CADASIL patients living in other regions. However, the prevalence of primary intracerebral hemorrhage and vertigo is much higher in Chinese mainland CADASIL patients. Significant leukoaraiosis in anterior temporal poles on T2-weighted image are uncommon. Exons 3 and 4 are the mutation hotspots.