Modificando estratégias terapêuticas em pacientes em fila cirúrgica de revascularização do miocárdio baseado em novas evidências: decisão por Heart Team / Modifying therapeutic strategies in patients waiting for myocardial revascularization surgery based on new evidence: decision by Heart Team

INTRODUÇÃO: Novos fármacos e procedimentos percutâneos têm modificado a evolução da doença aterosclerótica coronariana. Estudos recentes demonstraram importantes modificações nas estratégias terapêuticas. Durante a pandemia de Covid-19 houve uma significativa redução dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Neste cenário, a lista cirúrgica para revascularização do miocárdio foi reavaliada por um Heart Team (HT), consistindo em clínicos, hemodinamicistas e cirurgiões, todos seniors. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional descritivo de pacientes incluídos em uma lista de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) em Hospital Terciário de Cardiologia que, após revisão do caso por HT, tiveram a conduta modificada para tratamento clínico ou intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). RESULTADOS: Dos 157 pacientes originalmente incluídos em fila cirúrgica, 29 pacientes (18%) tiveram sua estratégia terapêutica modificada, sendo 12 para tratamento clínico e 17 para tratamento percutâneo. A idade média dos pacientes foi 65,6 anos, sendo 66 anos no grupo clínico e 62,2 anos no gruposubmetido à ICP. 72% eram do sexo masculino, 86% eram hipertensos, 62% diabéticos, 17% tinham doença renal crônica, 51% com história de tabagismo e 20% eram obesos. 65% tinham história de Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio e 13% já haviam sido submetidos à angioplastia coronária. A fração de ejeção de ventrículo esquerdo média foi 51,6%. 27% eram assintomáticos, 27,6% referiam angina CCS 1 ou 2, e 33% dispneia NYHA I ou II. 44% das indicações de CRM iniciais foram realizadas por um único cardiologista assistente. Discussão: Pacientes com anatomia passível e graves lesões coronarianas tiveram sua estratégia terapêutica modificada para ICP. Pacientes pouco sintomáticos ou de elevado risco cirúrgico foram mantidos em tratamento clínico. Estes pacientes terão acompanhamento específico como parte deste estudo. A maior parte (82%) dos pacientes mantiveram a indicação cirúrgica, baseado em complexidade anatômica e sintomatologia. A impossibilidade de realização de CRM devido a pandemia trouxe grandes desafios na tomada de decisão destes pacientes de alto risco. CONCLUSÃO: A reavaliação da fila de CRM por HT, baseado nas atuais evidências permitiu a redução do número de indicações de CRM para pacientes com DAC complexa. O seguimento desses pacientes fornecera informações relevantes sobre modificações de estratégias terapêuticas.

Novos antiagregantes plaquetários nas síndromes coronárias agudas / New antiplatelet agents in acute coronary syndromes

Deste a publicação do estudo PURE, no início da década passada, o esquema antiplaquetário duplo, formado pela associação do Ácido Acetilsalicílico e do Clopidogrel, tem sido unanimemente recomendado por todas as principais diretrizes, como alternativa de primeira escolha na passivação das síndromes coronárias agudas, entidades comuns na prática médica, que se acompanham de elevada morbimortalidade. Todavia, no decorrer da experiência com o seu uso, observou-se que o Clopidogrel apresentava limitações significantes que afetavam seu desempenho...

Serial angiographic and intravascular ultrasound evaluation to interrogate the presence of late "catch-up" phenomenon after Cypher® sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.

Despite the expressive reduction in the intimal hyperplasia (IH) formation after DES implantation at the mid-term, late restenosis has been recently noticed. Our objective was to determine, by means of serial angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at two different time points, whether the occurrence of the "late catch-up" phenomenon occurs after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation. Thirty-eight non-complex patients treated with a single 18-mm SES who had systematic serial QCA and IVUS analyses at mean 8 and 20 months were enrolled. Primary endpoint is to evaluate the temporal course of IH formation after SES implantation, by comparing QCA in-stent late loss and IVUS percent IH obstruction between the invasive follow-ups. Mean cohort age was 59.3 years and 31.6% were diabetics. Baseline reference vessel diameter was 2.8 ± 0.4 mm and lesion length was 11.5 ± 3.5 mm. Left anterior descending artery was the most frequent target vessel (55.3%). Between 8 and 20 months, a non-significant increase in in-stent late loss from 0.10 ± 0.18 to 0.15 ± 0.30 mm (P = 0.38) was observed. By IVUS, a slight increase in the percent IH obstruction (1.03 ± 2.13 to 1.76 ± 1.87%, P = 0.12) was detected between the two evaluations. Interestingly, all the neoformed tissue accrued from 8 to 20 months accumulated in the distal portion of the stent. In the non-complex scenario, SES implantation was associated with a minimal, non-significant increase in the IH volume between 8 and 20 months.

Influência das dimensões finais do stent pós-procedimento nos resultados tardios do stent endeavor: análise preliminar com ultrassom intracoronário seriado / Influence of stent final dimensions in mid term outcomes of the EndeavorTM stent: a preliminary serial intra-vascular ultrasound analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Vários fatores têm sido relacionados à necessidade de revascularização da lesão-alvo, sejam eles clínicos, angiográficos ou ultrassonográficos. Quanto aos últimos, a área mínima do stent pós-procedimento (AMS) tem sido correlacionada com áreas luminais mínimas intrastent tardias (ALM), em pacientes tratados com stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a AMS de pacientes tratados com stents liberadores de zotarolimus EndeavorTM capazes de predizer ALM < 4 mm², aos seis meses de evolução. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo com 47 pacientes e 50 lesões tratados com stents liberadores de zotarolimus, submetidos a ultrassonografia intravascular (USIC) no procedimento índex e no seguimento de seis meses. Correlacionou-se a AMS com a ALM. Por meio da análise de curva ROC, avaliou-se a AMS preditora de ALM < 4 mm² no seguimento de seis meses. RESULTADOS: Observou-se correlação significativa (r² = 0,64; P = 0,001) entre AMS (6 ± 2,1 mm²) e ALM (4,6 ± 2,4 mm²). Houve diferença significativa quanto à AMS dos grupos com ALM < 4 mm² vs. > 4 mm² (4,8 mm² vs. 6,8 mm², respectivamente; P = 0,001). Pela análise da curva ROC, encontrou-se AMS pós-implante > 5,7 mm² como preditora de ALM > 4 mm² aos seis meses [área sob a curva: 0,815; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%: 0,68-0,95; P < 0,001], com sensibilidade e especificidade de 80%. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes tratados com stents EndeavorTM, a AMS > 5,7 mm² esteve associada a ALM > 4 mm² no médio prazo. Tais achados podem auxiliar o implante ótimo desses stents.

BACKGROUND: Several clinical, angiographic and ultrasonographic factors have been associated to stent restenosis and target lesion revascularization. As to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings, the minimal stent area (MSA) has been correlated with minimal lumen areas (MLA) in patients treated with bare metal and drug eluting stents. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate MSA values of patients treated with EndeavorTM zotarolimus eluting stents capable of predicting MLA < 4 mm² after six months of follow-up. METHOD: Retrospective study with 47 patients and 50 lesions treated with zotarolimus eluting stents, submitted to IVUS at index and at the six-month follow-up. The MSA was then correlated to the MLA. ROC curve analysis was used to identify a MSA that could predict a MLA < 4 mm² at six months. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation (r² = 0.64; P = 0.001) between the MSA (6.0 ± 2.1 mm²) and MLA at six months (4.6 ± 2.4 mm²). There was a significant difference for MSA between the groups with MLA < 4 mm² vs. > 4 mm² (4.8 mm² vs. 6.8 mm², respectively; P = 0.001). ROC curve analysis identified a post-implant MSA of > 5.7 mm² as a predictor of MLA > 4 mm² at six months [area under curve: 0.815; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.680.95; P < 0.001], with sensitivity and specificity of 80%. CONCLUSION: In this group of patients treated with EndeavorTM stents, MSA > 5.7 mm² was associated with MLA > 4 mm² at the mid-term follow-up. These findings may help achieve the optimal deployment of these stents.

Intervenção coronária percutânea em octogenários: houve mudanças no perfil dos casos tratados nos últimos cinco anos? / Percutaneous coronary intervention in eighty-year-old individuals: have there been changes in the profile of cases treated in the last five years?

Com o aumento da longevidade da população, as intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) em octogenários têm sido realizadas com frequência crescente. No entanto, como os pacientes vivem mais, possivelmente apresentar-se-ão ao cardiologista com doença mais avançada, tanto em relação às comorbidades como à propria coronariopatia, fato que, se confirmado, poderia influenciar os resultados almejados...

ntroduction: As population longevity increases, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in eighty-year-old individuals have been increasingly more performed. However, as patients live longer, they are likely to be referred to the cardiologist with a more advanced disease, both in terms of comorbidities and coronary disease, which might influence the desired results...

Stents auto-expansíveis versus balão-expansível para tratamento de lesões em vasos de fino calibre: estudo com ultra-som intracoronário tridimensional / Self-expanding versus balloon-expandable stents for the treatment of small coronary vessels: a three-dimensional intracoronary ultrasound study

Introdução: Intervenção coronária pecutânea em vasos de fino calibre (VF) está associada a piores resultados imediatos e tardios, com elevadas taxas de reestenose. Estudos prévios têm sugerido que stents auto-expansíveis causam menos injúria vascular no momento do implante, com expansão de seus volumes com o tempo, gerando maiores áreas luminais que stents balão-expansíveis. A influência desses fenômenos em VF ainda é desconhecida. Objetivos: Avaliar as propriedades mecânicas e a eficácia do novo stent CardioMind no tratamento de lesões em VF em comparação ao stent balão-expansível Multi-link Pixel (Pixel). Método: Treze pacientes portadores de lesões únicas primárias < 14 mm de extensão, em artérias coronárias nativas < 2,5 mm de diâmetro, foram tratados com o stent CardioMind e comparados a uma corte histórica de 25 pacientes, com os mesmos critérios de inclusão, tratados com o stent Pixel. Ultrasom intracoronário (USIC) seriado foi realizado pós-procedimento e aos 7,3 +/- 1,0 meses. Resultados: A média das idades foi de 58,1 +/- 9,9 anos, com 60,5 por cento do sexo masculino e 39,4 por cento diabéticos. Ambos os stents produziram volumes de hiperplasia neo-intimal (HNI) smelhantes...

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention in small vessels (SV) is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes, with high rates of restenosis. Previous studies have suggested that self-expanding stents can cause less vessel injury at implantation, expanding their volumes over time, and leading to larger luminal areas than those of balloon-expandable stents. The influence of these phenomena on SV remains unknown. Objectives: To assess the mechanical properties and efficacy of the novel CardioMind™ stent in comparison with the balloon-expandable Multi-Link Pixel™ (Pixel) stent in the treatment of SV. Methods: Thirteen patients with single, de novo, < 14 mm length lesions in native coronary arteries < 2.5 mm in diameter were treated with the CardioMind™ stent and compared with a historical cohort of 25 patients, with the same inclusion criteria, treated with the Pixel™ stent. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed serially after the procedure and at 7.3 ± 1.0 months of follow-up. Results: Mean age was 58.1 ± 9.9 years; 60.5% were male and 39.4% were diabetic. Both stents produced similar neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) volumes (indexed NIH volume: 1.45 ± 0.46 mm³/mm for CardioMind™ versus 1.66 ± 1.02 mm³/mm for Pixel™; p = 0.48). However, the CardioMind™ stentpresented a 12% expansion of its volume, leading to a...

Exequibilidade, eficácia e segurança do sistema de stent cardioMind tm no tratamento de lesões em vasos de fino calibre. Um estudo seriado com angiografia e ultra-som intracoronariano / Feasibility, efficacy and safety of the CardioMind tm stent system in the treatment of small coronary vessels: a serial angiography and intravascular ultrasound study

Introdução: A intervenção coronária percutânea em vasos de fino calibre está associada a piores resultados imediatos e tardios, com elevadas taxas de reestenose, motivando o desenvolvimento de novos instrumentais para tal finalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a exequibilidade, a eficácia e a segurança do novo sistema de stent CardioMind tm para o tratamento de lesões em vasos de fino calibre. Método: Dez pacientes portadores de lesões únicas, de novo, menor 14 mm, em artérias coronárias nativas menor 2,5 mm de diâmetro foram submetidos a implante de stent CardioMind tm. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a angiografia e ultra-sonografia intracoronária (USIC) pós-procedimento e aos seis meses, com o desfecho primário de eficácia avaliada pela perda luminal tardia (PT) à angiografia e porcentagem de obstrução do stent à USIC. Resultados: A média das idades foi de 63 mais ou menos 10,6 anos 60 por cento dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 60 por cento, diabéticos...

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention in small vessels is associated to poor short and long-term results with high rates of restenosis, inducing the development of newer devices for this purpose. Objective: To assess the feasibility, efficacy and safety of the new CardioMind™ stent system in the treatment of small vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Ten patients presenting a single, de novo lesion in a native coronary artery < 2.5 mm in diameter were assigned to receive the CardioMind™ stent. All patients were submitted to angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) evaluation immediately post-procedure and at 6 months. The primary end-point of efficacy was assessed by the late lumen loss at angiography and percentage (%) of neointimal obstruction at IVUS at 6 months. Results: Mean age was 63 ± 10.6 years, 60% were female and 60% diabetics. Reference vessel diameter and lesion length were 2.06 mm ± 0.27 mm and 9.35 mm ± 1.39 mm, respectively. Device and procedure success were obtained in all patients. At 6-month, late loss was 0.53 mm ± 0.60 mm and % of neointimal obstruction by IVUS was 24.1% ± 8.7%. One patient presented binary restenosis requiring repeat percutaneous intervention. There were no cases of cardiac death and/or myocardial infarction. Conclusions: The CardioMind™ stent system showed to be viable and safe in this "First-In-Man" study of the use of this novel device in the treatment of small vessel CAD, with encouraging results in the reduction of in-stent late loss and neointimal formation. The clinical impact of these findings should be assessed in a larger cohort of patients.

Intervenções coronárias percutâneas na doença arterial coronária crônica / Percutaneous coronary interventions in chronic coronary artery disease

Verificamos que as ICP são indicadas de forma rotineira para o tratamento de pacientes portadores de angina do peito crônica, com resultados de excelência. As indicações são baseadas na presença de isquemia, na observação de uma lesão-alvo adequada a uma das técnicas de angioplastia, bem como na presunção de um trinômio risco-benefício-custo favorável a sua realização. por suas vantagens inequívocas sobre as próteses intracoronárias convencionais, os stents com eluição de medicamentos tornaram-se a opção de primeira escolha em praticamente todas as situações. Com as novas perspectivas oferecidas pela cardiologia intervencionista atual para o tratamento da doença arterial coronária, é de se esperar que haja, em futuro próximo, uma expressiva mudança na tomada de decisão terapêutica...

Avaliação tardia de endopróteses coronarianas com sirolimus: comparação da tomografia computadorizada por múltiplos detectores com a angiografia quantitativa e o ultra-som intracoronariano / Late outcome of sirolimus-eluting stents: comparison of multidetector computed tomography with quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da tomografia computadorizada por múltiplos detectores na avaliação dos resultados tardios de pacientes submetidos ao implante de endopróteses com sirolimus. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 30 pacientes, previamente submetidos ao implante de stents com sirolimus com sucesso e com mais de seis meses de evolução. Todos foram submetidos à angiografia invasiva e ao ultra-som intravascular após a angiotomografia, feita com a injeção de 1,5 ml/kg de peso de meio de contraste iodado. RESULTADOS: A média dos diâmetros proximais de referência foi 3,01 ± 0,31 mm pela tomografia e 3,14 ± 0,31 mm pela angiografia (p = 0,04). Ao eliminarmos a artéria circunflexa da análise, a discrepância entre os dois exames deixou de ser significante -(tomografia= 3,01 ± 0,32 mm, angiografia= 3,10 ± 0,30 mm, p = 0,65). A média dos diâmetros distais de referência foi 2,86 ± 0,30 mm pela tomografia e 2,92 ± 0,32 pela angiografia (p = 0,25). A média do calibre mínimo no interior da endoprótese foi 2,85 ± 0,25 mm pela tomografia e 2,85 ± 0,29 mm angiografia (p = 0,27). A área de secção transversal mínima intra-stent foi 7,19 ± 1,47 mm² pela tomografia e 6,90 ± 1,52 mm² pelo ultra-som intracoronariano (p = 0,36), mas a correlação entre estas medidas era fraca (r= 0,33). CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia possibilita a avaliação qualitativa das endopróteses, a estimativa correta do diâmetro de referência proximal e distal dos vasos-alvo, além do calibre mínimo intra-stent. Sua correlação com as medidas feitas pelo ultra-som intracoronário, porém é menos intensa.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of multidetector computed tomography in determining late clinical outcomes of patients undergoing sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. METHODS: Thirty patients, successfully submitted to sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for more than six months, were selected to participate in the study. All underwent invasive angiography and intravascular ultrasound following CT angiography using iodinated contrast medium at a dose of 1.5 ml/kg. RESULTS: Mean proximal reference diameter was 3.01 ± 0.31 mm by tomography and 3.14 ± 0.31 mm by angiography (p = 0.04). When the left circumflex artery was excluded from the analysis, the difference between both examinations was no longer significant (tomography = 3.01 ± 0.32 mm; angiography = 3.10 ± 0.30 mm, p = 0.65). Mean distal reference diameter was 2.86 ± 0.30 mm by tomography and 2.92 ± 0.32 by angiography (p = 0.25). Mean in-stent minimal lumen diameter was 2.85 ± 0.25 mm by tomography and 2.85 ± 0.29 mm by angiography (p = 0.27). Mean minimal in-stent cross-sectional area was 7.19 ± 1.47 mm² by tomography and 6.90 ± 1.52 mm² by intravascular ultrasound (p = 0.36), but there was only a weak correlation between these measurements (r = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Computed tomography allows the qualitative assessment of sirolimus-eluting stents, accurate estimate of proximal and distal reference diameters of the target vessel, and in-stent minimal lumen diameter. Its correlation with measurements performed using intravascular ultrasound, however, is less strong.

Late outcome of sirolimus-eluting stents: comparison of multidetector computed tomography with quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound

Objective: To assess the performance of multidetector computed tomography in determining late clinical outcomes of patients undergoing sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.Methods: Thirty patients, successfully submitted to sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for more than six months, were

selected to participate in the study. All underwent invasive angiography and intravascular ultrasound following CT angiography

using iodinated contrast medium at a dose of 1.5 ml/kg.Results: Mean proximal reference diameter was 3.01 ± 0.31 mm by tomography and 3.14 ± 0.31 mm by angiography (p

= 0.04). When the left circumflex artery was excluded from the analysis, the difference between both examinations was

no longer significant (tomography = 3.01 ± 0.32 mm; angiography = 3.10 ± 0.30 mm, p = 0.65). Mean distal reference

diameter was 2.86 ± 0.30 mm by tomography and 2.92 ± 0.32 by angiography (p = 0.25). Mean in-stent minimal lumen

diameter was 2.85 ± 0.25 mm by tomography and 2.85 ± 0.29 mm by angiography (p = 0.27). Mean minimal in-stent crosssectional

area was 7.19 ± 1.47 mm2 by tomography and 6.90 ± 1.52 mm2 by intravascular ultrasound (p = 0.36), but there

was only a weak correlation between these measurements (r = 0.33).Conclusion: Computed tomography allows the qualitative assessment of sirolimus-eluting stents, accurate estimate of proximal

and distal reference diameters of the target vessel, and in-stent minimal lumen diameter. Its correlation with measurements

performed using intravascular ultrasound, however, is less strong.

Late outcome of sirolimus-eluting stents: comparison of multidetector computed tomography with quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of multidetector computed tomography in determining late clinical outcomes of patients undergoing sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. METHODS: Thirty patients, successfully submitted to sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for more than six months, were selected to participate in the study. All underwent invasive angiography and intravascular ultrasound following CT angiography using iodinated contrast medium at a dose of 1.5 ml/kg. RESULTS: Mean proximal reference diameter was 3.01 +/- 0.31 mm by tomography and 3.14 +/- 0.31 mm by angiography (p = 0.04). When the left circumflex artery was excluded from the analysis, the difference between both examinations was no longer significant (tomography = 3.01 +/- 0.32 mm; angiography = 3.10 +/- 0.30 mm, p = 0.65). Mean distal reference diameter was 2.86 +/- 0.30 mm by tomography and 2.92 +/- 0.32 by angiography (p = 0.25). Mean in-stent minimal lumen diameter was 2.85 +/- 0.25 mm by tomography and 2.85 +/- 0.29 mm by angiography (p = 0.27). Mean minimal in-stent cross-sectional area was 7.19 +/- 1.47 mm(2) by tomography and 6.90 +/- 1.52 mm(2) by intravascular ultrasound (p = 0.36), but there was only a weak correlation between these measurements (r = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Computed tomography allows the qualitative assessment of sirolimus-eluting stents, accurate estimate of proximal and distal reference diameters of the target vessel, and in-stent minimal lumen diameter. Its correlation with measurements performed using intravascular ultrasound, however, is less strong.

Manuseio Percutâneo das lesöes coronarias >20mm através dos stents. Existe uma estratégia de primeira escolha? / Percutaneous handling of coronary lesions >20mm through stents. Is there a first choice strategy?

OBJECTIVE - This study compared the early and late results of the use of one single stent with those of the use of multiple stents in patients with lesions longer than 20mm. METHODS - Prospective assessment of patients electively treated with stents, with optimal stent deployment and followed-up for more than 3 months. From February '94 to January '98, 215 patients with lesions >20mm were treated. These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: Group A - 105 patients (49 percent) with one stent implanted; Group B - 110 patients (51 percent) with multiple stents implanted. RESULTS - The mean length of the lesions was 26mm in group A (21-48mm) versus 29mm in group B (21-52mm) (p=0.01). Major complications occurred in one patient (0.9 percent) in group A (subacute thrombosis, myocardial infarctionand death) and in 2 patients (1.8 percent) in group B (one emergency surgery and one myocardial infarction) (p=NS). The results of the late follow-up period (6 months) were similar for both groups (group A = 82 percent vs group B = 76 percent; p=NS), and we observed an event-free survical in 89 percent of the patients in group A and in 91 percent of the patients in group B (p=NS). Angina (group A = 11 percent vs group B =7percent) and lesion revascularization (group A = 5 percent vs group B = 6 percent; p=NS) also occurred in a similar percentage. No infarction or death was observed in the late follow-up period; restenosis was identified in 33 percent and 29 percent of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (p=NS). CONCLUSION - The results obtained using one stent and using multiple stents were similar; the greater cost-effectiveness of one stent implantation, however, seems to make this strategy the first choice

Influência do quadro clínico nos resultados imediatos e tardios após aterectomia rotacional / Influence of the Clinical Presentation in Acute and Long-Term Results After Rotational Atherectomy

PURPOSE: To analyse the influence of unstable coronary syndromes (UCS) in the early and late prognosis after rotational atherectomy (RA). METHODS: We treated 236 patients with RA between Aug/1992 and May/1996. Patients were divided into two groups: A) stable coronary syndromes 120 (51) patients; B) UCS: 116 (49) patients. Definitions: 1) procedure success (PS)--lesion success in all locations were RA use was attempted, without a major complication; 2) late coronary events (LCE)--angina, MI, additional revascularization or death. RESULTS: There was a significant predominance of age > 70 (A = 14x B = 24, p = 0.03) in B and previous MI (A = 32x B = 11, p = 0.0001) in A. Other characteristics were similar in both groups, including complex lesions (type B2/C), which were observed in 77A stenosis and 80B lesions. PS was 95in A and 92in B (p = NS). In-hospital major complications were observed in 2.5A and 4.3B patients, (p = NS). One patient died in each group. A and B patients had similar time of follow-up. LCE occurred in 25A and 39B patients (p = 0.002). Recurrence of angina (36x 23; p = 0.01) and target lesion revascularization (29x 18; p = 0.03) were also more frequently required in B cases. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that UCS (group A) does not implicate in worse acute results after RA. However, UCS patients present greater incidence of late coronary events, particularly recurrence of angina and target-lesion revascularization.

Evoluçäo tardia de pacientes tratados com técnicas de cateterismo intervencionista / Long-term evoluation pf patients submitted to interventional catheter techniques

Na primeira metade da década de 90 constatou-se um formidável avanço nas indicaçöes e resultados da revascularizaçäo percutânea, a qual alicerçada nas suas várias modalidades terapêuticas, do cateter-baläo às próteses intracoronárias, passou a apresentar-se como opçäo preferencial de tratamento em uma expressiva e sempre crescente populaçäo de coronariopatas. Adicionalmente, no mesmo período, o número de intervençöes por cateter, nos países do primeiro mundo, superou o de cirurgias de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. Em decorrência destas observaçöes, nos parece fundamental que o cardiologista seja devidamente informado acerca dos vários detalhes implicados na evoluçäo tardia destas intervençöes, visando a identificaçäo correta e o manuseio preciso das intercorrências próprias destes pacientes. Neste capítulo, procurar-se-á discutir os principais itens relacionados à avaliaçäo clínica tardia dos casos revascularizados percutaneamente.

Oclusão aguda pós-angioplastia coronária. Manuseio precoce e evolução tardia / Acute Closure After Coronary Angioplasty. Management and Follow-Up

PURPOSE--Assess the efficacy of the different strategies employed in the management of acute closure and verify the late prognosis of patients who develop this complication. METHODS--From january 1987, through December 1990, 2315 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in our Institution. We analyzed 100 patients who had had acute closure of the dilated vessel determining the total incidence of myocardial infarction and death, the effectiveness of the different treatment strategies and clinical and angiographic predictors of poor in-hospital outcome. Late follow-up was obtained in the hospital survivors. RESULTS--The incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the group of 100 patients was 57; death occurred in 12of the patients. Forty-one individuals were referred to emergency bypass surgery, 35 received clinical treatment and 24 underwent redilatation of the vessel. Those managed clinically had a higher incidence of myocardial infarction compared to the ones who underwent either redilatation or surgery (74.3versus 50and 48.8). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < 45(44.4, p < 0.001) and in procedures involving the left anterior descending artery (20, p < 0.05); patients undergoing repeat dilatation had the lower death rate (4.2versus 8.6in the clinical group and 17.1in the surgical group). Late follow-up was obtained in 65 of 88 hospital survivors (mean follow-up = 17 months). Patients who underwent repeat dilatation were significantly less symptomatic in the follow-up than those who received medical therapy during the acute phase (89versus 60.9of patients without symptoms respectively, p < 0.05). Patients who were referred to surgery had also a tendency towards having less symptoms (87.5of asymptomatic patients in the late follow-up) although the difference was not statistically significant (0.01 > p > 0.05). CONCLUSION--Acute coronary occlusion is a serious complication of angioplasty and is associated with high rates of major complications (myocardial infarction, death). Low left ventricular ejection fraction and PTCA involving the left anterior descending are predictors of higher in-hospital mortality in patients with acute closure. Late outcome is less favourable in patients submitted to clinical treatment in the acute phase.

Diagnostico e avaliacao de valvopatias pela ressonancia nuclear magnetica / Diagnosis and evaluation of valvopathies by magnetic resonance imaging

A ressonancia nuclear magnetica e uma forma de imageamento nao invasivo que permite a visualizacao de diversas estruturas do sistema cardiovascular. contudo, seu papel como auxiliar na investigacao de cardiopatias ainda nao foi totalmente esclarecido. Para investigar esta possibilidade, analisamos 42 casos de pacientes valvares, 20 com doenca mitral e 22 com doenca aortica. A ressonancia magnetica identificou com precisao as areas valvares mitral e aortica, tendo seus achados se correlacionado com os valores da area valvar mitral Doppler-ecocardiografia e com os gradientes de pressao transaorticos medidos por este metodo e pelo cateterismo cardiaco. Alem disso, sempre que presentes, a modalidade identificou com exatidao a regurgitacao valvar; medindo o volume regurgitado, a fracao de regurgitacao e a presenca de calcio valvar e subvalvar. Finalmente, foi util para a medida de massa, volumes e fracao de ejecao ventricular.Com os achados desta experiencia inicial, os autores concluem que a ressonancia magnetica e um metodo eficaz de avaliacao das valvopatias e pode ser considerado como alternativa diagnostica nestes casos

Tratamento näo-cirúrgico de fístula artério-venosa coronária pulmonar / Nonsurgical treatment of Arterio-venous coronary - pulmonary fístula

Paciente de 58 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, portador de dispnéia, fadiga e angina do peito progressiva aos esforços. Grande fístula artério-venosa coronária pulmonar foi demonstrada através da cinecoronariografia que se originava da artéria circunflexa. A oclusäo da fístula, por técnica percutânea, foi realizada com sucesso. A evoluçäo clínica foi excelente e o resultado angiográfico, 6 meses após, evidenciou manutençäo do resultado

Fifty eight year old man, with dispneia, fatigue and progressive angina underwent cinecoronariography, which showed an arterio-venous coronary-pulmonary fistula originating from the circumflex artery to the pulmonary circulation. We decided to oclude it percutaneously, using a detachable balloon technic. The occlusion was accomplished successfully. Clinical evolution was excellent and the follow-up cinecoronariography 6 months later showed the maintainance of the initial results

Angina instavel: aplicacao da revascularizacao percutanea e da terapeutica adjunta / Unstable angina: role of percutaneous revascularization and adjuntive therapy

Nesta revisao, os autores discorrem acerca do papel da revascularizacao percutanea (angioplastia corornaria, aterectomias e implante de "stent") no manuseio da angina instavel, enfatizando tambem a importancia que uma terapeutica adjunta criteriosamente indicada e conduzida tem nos resultados