HPV Prevalence and Genotype Distribution Among Women From Hengyang District of Hunan Province, China.

Most cervical cancers were closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Therefore, understanding the ecological diversity of HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among various populations in different geographical regions was essential for optimizing HPV vaccination and maximizing the vaccination effects. A total of 12,053 patient data from the three-level hospitals in Hengyang city were retrospectively analyzed. In this study, the HPV prevalence was 10.16% overall, and the multiple-type infection rate was 1.83%. The HR-HPV infection rate was 8.52%. The top six HPV genotypes were as follows in descending order: HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV53. The HPV prevalence in the group above 60 years old was the most, and their HR-HPV infection rate corresponded to the most too. The infection rates of HPV and HR-HPV among outpatients were both lower than those among the hospitalized-patients, respectively. Among the hospitalized-patients, the infection rates of HPV and HR-HPV among the 50-60 years group were the most in both. The HR-HPV ratio-in-positive among HPV-positive patients with the histopathologic examination was higher than that among those patients without. Among 52 HPV-positive patients with cervical squamous carcinoma, the ratio-in-positive of HPV16 was 61.54%. This study demonstrated that the HPV prevalence varied with age among women from Hengyang district of Hunan province in China and showed that HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV53 genotypes were more popularly distributed in this region, which could provide the experimental basis for Chinese public health measures on cervical cancer prevention.

Death domain associated protein (Daxx), a multi-functional protein.

Death domain associated protein (Daxx), a multi-functional protein, plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell apoptosis, carcinogenesis, anti-virus infection and so on. However, its regulatory mechanisms for both cell survival and apoptosis remain largely obscure. Our review of recent studies shows that Daxx has many interesting functional dualities and can provide a reference for further research on Daxx.

Awareness and knowledge about human papillomavirus among high school students in China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among high school students and to provide a basis for health education on HPV infection for high school students in China. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire on HPV awareness and knowledge was administered to 900 high school students in Xiangtan City of Hunan Province in China by layer cluster sampling. A total of 848 anonymous valid questionnaires were received from volunteers who completed the questionnaire correctly. RESULTS: Only 10.1% had heard of HPV, and of those only 18.6% knew that HPV could lead to cervical cancer. Single factor analysis indicated that home address, age, grade, academic achievement, sex history, gender, father's education level and mother's education level were impact factors for HPV knowledge of high school students. Multiple regression analysis showed 4 independent risk factors associated with HPV knowledge: academic achievement, sex history, gender, and mother's education level. The limited knowledge came primarily from television and radio broadcasts (59.3%), the Internet (57.0%), parents (25.6%), medical workers (20.9%), and teachers (18.6%). CONCLUSION: High school students lack HPV knowledge, which is affected by multiple factors. Targeted health education of all sorts must be provided. Both schools and families are responsible for reinforcing HPV education provided to high school students.

Distribution and location of Daxx in cervical epithelial cells with high risk human papillomavirus positive.

AIMS: To provide the basis for further exploring the effect and its mechanism of Death domain associated protein (Daxx) on the progress of cervical carcinoma induced by human papillomavirus (HPV), the distribution and location of Daxx in cervical carcinoma with high risk HPV(HR-HPV) positive was analyzed. METHODS: The samples of normal cervical epithelial cells, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CINI), CINII CINIII and cervical cancers were collected. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to analyze the distributions and locations of Daxx in the cervical tissue. Indirect immunoinfluorescence test was utilized to observe the locations of Daxx in Caski cells with HPV16 positive. RESULTS: Under the light microscopy, the brown signals of Daxx distributed in the nuclei of normal cervical epithelial cells; Daxx mainly distributed in nuclear membrane and there were a small amount of Daxx in the nuclei in CINI. Daxx intensively distributed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane in CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer. Under fluorescent microscopy, the distribution and location of Daxx in Caski cells was similarly to that in cervical cells of CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer. CONCLUSION: In the progress of the cervical cancer, Daxx gradually translocates from nucleus into nuclear membrane, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Daxx locates in the cytoplasm and cell membrane in CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4671548951113870.

Overexpression of Helicobacter pylori VacA N-terminal fragment induces proinflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis in human monocytic cell line through activation of NF-κB.

Vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the amino-terminal 476 residue fragment (p52) of VacA and the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for its induction of proinflammatory cytokines secretion and apoptosis. Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was used as an in vitro model to study proinflammatory cytokines secretion and apoptosis induced by transfection of a recombinant plasmid encoding the amino-terminal 476 residue fragment (p52) of VacA. The results showed that VacA p52 overexpression induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species in THP-1 cells in a time-dependent manner. VacA p52 overexpression also promoted THP-1 cells apoptosis. In addition, VacA p52 triggered the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), indicating a possible mechanism for its induction of proinflammatory cytokines secretion and cell apoptosis. Our study demonstrated that the induction of cytokines secretion and apoptosis by VacA p52 in THP-1 cells could be mediated through activation of nuclear factor kappa B.