Development and validation of a chromatin regulator signature for predicting prognosis hepatocellular carcinoma patient.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with a bleak prognosis. Although emerging research increasingly supports the involvement of chromatin regulators (CRs) in cancer development, CRs in HCC patients have not received proportionate attention. This study aimed to investigate the role and prognostic significance of CRs in HCC patients, providing new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Methods: We analyzed 424 samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) data to identify key CR genes associated with HCC prognosis by differential expression and univariate Cox regression analyses. LASSO-multivariate Cox regression method was used for construction of a prognostic signature and development of a CR-related prognosis model. The prognosis capacity of the model was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier method. Relationship between the model and tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated. Additionally, clinical variables and the model were incorporated to create a nomogram. The role of the prognostic gene MRG-binding protein (MRGBP) in HCC was elucidated by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative analysis. Results: A risk score model, comprising B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1), chromobox 2 (CBX2), and MRGBP, was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) of the CR-based signature is 0.698 (P<0.05), exhibiting robust predictive power. Functional and pathway analyses illuminated the biological relevance of these genes. Immune microenvironment analysis suggested potential implications for immunotherapy. Drug sensitivity analysis identified agents for targeted treatment. Clinical samples show that MRGBP is highly expressed in HCC tissues. Conclusions: This CR-based signature shows promise as a valuable prognostic tool for HCC patients. It demonstrates predictive capabilities, independence from other clinical factors, and potential clinical applicability. In addition, we need more experiments to validate our findings. These findings offer insights into HCC prognosis and treatment, with implications for personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes.

Bright and Stable Red Perovskite LEDs under High Current Densities.

Perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) have emerged as a next-generation light-emitting technology. Recent breakthroughs were made in achieving highly stable near-infrared and green PeLEDs. However, the operational lifetimes (T50) of visible PeLEDs under high current densities (>10 mA cm-2) remain unsatisfactory (normally <100 h), limiting the possibilities in solid-state lighting and AR/VR applications. This problem becomes more pronounced for mixed-halide (e.g., red and blue) perovskite emitters in which critical challenges such as halide segregation and spectral instability are present. Here, we demonstrate bright and stable red PeLEDs based on mixed-halide perovskites, showing measured T50 lifetimes of up to ∼357 h at currents of ≥25 mA cm-2, a record for the operational stability of visible PeLEDs under high current densities. The devices produce intense and stable emission with a maximum luminance of 28,870 cd m-2 (radiance: 1584 W sr-1 m-2), which is record-high for red PeLEDs. Key to this demonstration is the introduction of sulfonamide, a dipolar molecular stabilizer that effectively interacts with the ionic species in the perovskite emitters. It suppresses halide segregation and migration into the charge-transport layers, resulting in enhanced stability and brightness of the mixed-halide PeLEDs. These results represent a substantial step toward bright and stable PeLEDs for emerging applications.

Experimental Investigation of the Machining Characteristics in Graphite-Powder-Mixed Electrochemical Discharge Machining of Microholes in Glass.

The effect of graphite powder on the machining characteristics in graphite-powder-mixed electrochemical discharge machining of microholes was still not clear. How the discharge mechanism changed with the addition of graphite powder into the electrolyte, which further led to changes in the morphology of the machined holes, remained to be revealed. In this study, a series of microhole machining experiments were conducted in glass. Comparisons of the discharge energy, microhole entrance diameter, hole taper, and tool electrode morphology after machining were made when machining in the electrolytes with and without graphite powder. Experimental results revealed that there were a lot of small pulse currents distributed on the current waveform when machining with the graphite-powder-mixed electrolyte. The average discharge energy of the small pulse current was 2.8 times as much as that of the general electrochemical discharge. After introducing graphite powder into the electrolyte, the entrance diameter of the hole became larger when the hole depth was deeper than 200 µm. The HAZ width increased with increasing hole depth at the voltage of 37-41 V, while it decreased at the voltage of 43 V. A reduction in hole taper angle with a range of 0.5° to 2.3° was achieved. In addition, after machining in electrolytes with and without graphite powder, the tool electrode surfaces showed different morphologies due to different discharges.

Experimental Investigation of Discharge Phenomena in Electrochemical Discharge Machining Process.

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a promising non-traditional processing technology used to machine non-conductive materials, such as glass and ceramic, based on the evoked electrochemical discharge phenomena around the tool electrode. The discharge in ECDM is a key factor that affects the removal of material. Moreover, the discharge current is an important indicator reflecting the discharge state. However, the discharge characteristics remain an open topic for debate and require further investigation. There is still confusion regarding the distinction of the discharge current from the electrochemical reaction current in ECDM. In this study, high-speed imaging technology was applied to the investigation of the discharge characteristics. By comparing the captured discharge images with the corresponding discharge current, the discharge can be classified into three types. The observations of the discharge effect on the gas film indicate that a force was exerted on the gas film during the discharge process and the shape of the gas film was changed by the force. In addition, the energies released by different types of discharge were calculated according to the voltage and current waveforms. The discharge frequency was found to increase with the increase in applied voltage and the frequency of the second type of discharge was approximately equal to that of the third type when the applied voltage was higher than 40 V.

Molecular mechanism of the miR-7/BCL2L1/P53 signaling axis regulating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: To investigate the roles of miR-7 and its potential mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The functions of miR-7 were identified and measured by MTT [3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide], colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. A luciferase assay was applied to verify the direct binding of miR-7 on BCL2L1 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). An in vitro experiment was then used to investigate the biological effects of miR-7 and BCL2L1. A co-immunoprecipitation (COIP) assay was used to detect the protein interaction between BCL2L1 and P53. Results: We found that miR-7 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC. BCL2L1 was also demonstrated as a direct target gene of miR-7. This study showed that BCL2L1 could partially rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-7 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Our research showed that miR-7 could inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway by regulating BCL2L1. We also further confirmed that miR-7 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Hep3B and Huh7 cells by targeting BCL2L1. Furthermore, we observed that the BCL2L1 protein interacts with the P53 protein and BCL2L1 affects the development of liver cancer through P53. We also found that BCL2L1 could promote the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells through P53 inhibition. BCL2L1 also inhibited the expression of Caspase 3/7 in hepatoma cells by inhibiting the expression of P53. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that miR-7/BCL2L1/P53 may serve as a regulatory molecular axis for HCC treatment. Our results suggest that miR-7/BCL2L1/P53 may have predictive value and represent a new treatment strategy for liver cancer.

Influence of self stigma on depression of disabled college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the causal relationship between self stigma and depression among college students with disabilities, so as to provide reference for mental health promotion among disabled college students.@*Methods@#In October，2021 (T1) and April，2022 (T2)，291 college students from four majors of School of Special Education of Hebei Open University were selected by cluster sampling method to conduct two follow up tests，and online questionnaires were conducted by using Disability Self Stigma Scale，Perceived Social Support Scale and Center for Epidemiological Survey，Depression Scale，and the mediation of perceived social support was established in the cross lag model.@*Results@#The average scores of depressive symptoms of disabled college students in T1 and T2 were (43.51±8.26, 46.82±9.13). The cross lag model showed that T1 self stigma could positively predict T2 depressive( β =0.17, P <0.01). Cross group analysis showed that T1 perceived social support plays a longitudinal mediating role between T1 self stigma and T2 depressive. Predictive effects of self stigma on depressive symptoms in female students ( β =0.42) was stronger than that in males ( β =0.29)( P <0.01). Predictive effects of perceived social support on depressive in female students( β =-0.36) was stronger than that of the males( β =-0.19)( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#There is a causal relationship between self stigma and depressive symptoms among college students with disabilities. Intervention aim at promoting perceived social support might help to control depressive symptoms.

Developed multiple-layer perceptron neural network based on developed search and rescue optimizer to predict iron ore price volatility: A case study.

In economic investment, the role of forecasting is very important because in an economic project, the investor must carefully examine the dimensions of the work such that one of the most important and perhaps the main factor of a future investor and an economic enterprise is the work done by Costs and revenues are determined. Due to the fact that the volatility of iron ore price is affected by various factors, so it is not possible to determine a simple and general function to predict its price. There are several methods for predicting price, but the most appropriate of these is a method that examines variables in a nonlinear and dynamic manner that is closer to reality. Therefore, in this research, an improved and optimized neural network is proposed to facilitate this task. The idea is to employ a developed version of Search and Rescue optimization algorithm to enhance the training ability of the neural network to present an efficient forecasting tool for iron ore price volatilities. Different variables are used for the method verification and its results are compared with basic neural network, particle swarm optimization-based, Intelligent Integrated Optimizer, Genetic Neural Network to show its superiority. Simulation results demonstrate that by the proposed method has a satisfying and better fitting with the data compared with the other methods.

Novel Caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 improves neurological function in mice after progressive ischemic stroke within a long therapeutic time-window.

Progressive ischemic stroke (PIS) is featured by progressive neurological dysfunction after ischemia. Ischemia-evoked neuroinflammation is implicated in the progressive brain injury after cerebral ischemia, while Caspase-1, an active component of inflammasome, exaggerates ischemic brain injury. Current Caspase-1 inhibitors are inadequate in safety and druggability. Here, we investigated the efficacy of CZL80, a novel Caspase-1 inhibitor, in mice with PIS. Mice and Caspase-1-/- mice were subjected to photothrombotic (PT)-induced cerebral ischemia. CZL80 (10, 30 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) was administered for one week after PT onset. The transient and the progressive neurological dysfunction (as foot faults in the grid-walking task and forelimb symmetry in the cylinder task) was assessed on Day1 and Day4-7, respectively, after PT onset. Treatment with CZL80 (30 mg/kg) during Day1-7 significantly reduced the progressive, but not the transient neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, we showed that CZL80 administered on Day4-7, when the progressive neurological dysfunction occurred, produced significant beneficial effects against PIS, suggesting an extended therapeutic time-window. CZL80 administration could improve the neurological function even as late as Day43 after PT. In Caspase-1-/- mice with PIS, the beneficial effects of CZL80 were abolished. We found that Caspase-1 was upregulated during Day4-7 after PT and predominantly located in activated microglia, which was coincided with the progressive neurological deficits, and attenuated by CZL80. We showed that CZL80 administration did not reduce the infarct volume, but significantly suppressed microglia activation in the peri-infarct cortex, suggesting the involvement of microglial inflammasome in the pathology of PIS. Taken together, this study demonstrates that Caspase-1 is required for the progressive neurological dysfunction in PIS. CZL80 is a promising drug to promote the neurological recovery in PIS by inhibiting Caspase-1 within a long therapeutic time-window.

STEAP4 promoter methylation correlates with tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The study was aimed to find promising targets for cancer therapy involved in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Identification of STEAP4 in HCC between GSE54503 and TCGA datasets by performing RNA-seq. The STEAP4 mRNA expression level was determined by qRT-PCR. DNA methylation was measured by MSP and BSP. Besides, the effect of STEAP4 tumorigenesis was determined by in vivo experiments. The function of STEAP4 on methylation was further assessed by 5-Aza­dC, a demethylating agent. RESULTS: Reduced STEAP4 expression was found in HCC tissues. Promoter region methylation correlated with the downregulated expression of STEAP4. STEAP4 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. Re-expression of STEAP4 was induced 5-Aza­dC. STEAP4 mediated the biological effects of HCC cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that STEAP4 functions as a suppressor gene in HCC, and hypermethylation is a driving factor in cancer progression.

High Responsivity Circular Polarized Light Detectors based on Quasi Two-Dimensional Chiral Perovskite Films.

Circularly polarized light (CPL) has considerable technological potential, from quantum computing to bioimaging. To maximize the opportunity, high performance photodetectors that can directly distinguish left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light are needed. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites containing chiral organic ligands are an emerging candidate for the active material in CPL photodetecting devices, but current studies suggest there to be a trade-off between the ability to differentially absorb CPL and photocurrent responsivity in chiral perovskites devices. Here, we report a CPL detector based on quasi two-dimensional (quasi-2D) chiral perovskite films. We find it is possible to generate materials where the circular dichroism (CD) is comparable in both 2D and quasi-2D films, while the responsivity of the photodetector improves for the latter. Given this, we are able to showcase a CPL photodetector that exhibits both a high dissymmetry factor of 0.15 and a high responsivity of 15.7 A W-1. We believe our data further advocates the potential of chiral perovskites in CPL-dependent photonic technologies.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Opuntia sulphurea (Cactaceae).

Opuntia sulphurea Gillies ex Salm-Dyck 1834 (Cactaceae) acts as an invasive species due to its ability to survive in various environments. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Opuntia sulphurea, which was 122,740 bp in length. The genome contained 100 genes, including 65 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. The base composition of the chloroplast genome was 32.11% A, 17.74% G, 18.34% C, and 31.80% T, resulting in an overall G + C content of 35.39%. A phylogenetic analysis across 23 species in Caryophyllales demonstrated a close relationship between Opuntia sulphurea and Opuntia quimilo.

RETRACTED: Skin cancer diagnosis based on a hybrid AlexNet/extreme learning machine optimized by Fractional-order Red Fox Optimization algorithm.

Skin cancer is known as one of the most usual malignant cancer in the human body. Statistics show that each year above one million people are added to the who has this cancer. There are different types of skin cancer, where, the main difference is on the type of cell that is developing cancer. The best way to treat this cancer is to diagnose it early and to prevent the lesion from spreading with surgery. Early detection and treatment of skin cancer from skin images can significantly reduce mortality. Although skin cancer is very dangerous, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, in most cases, prevent death. The present study introduces a new diagnostic technique for skin cancer based on deep learning and metaheuristics. At first, a pre-trained modified AlexNet based on batch normalization layers is used to train the skin dermoscopy images. Afterward, the last several layers are substituted by an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). For providing higher efficiency in the ELM network, a newly amended metaheuristic, called Fractional-order Red Fox Optimization (FORFO) Algorithm is used. The final results of the proposed technique are compared with some various techniques and the results showed the effectiveness of the suggested method.

Novel lncRNA AL033381.2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Upregulating PRKRA Expression.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor that is characterized by aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, whereas the potential mechanism between oxidative stress and carcinogenic effects remains elusive. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers have attracted extensive attention and have been shown to be involved in oxidative stress response and carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the roles of lncRNA AL033381.2 in regulating the development and progression of HCC still remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential effects and molecular mechanisms of AL033381.2 that may be involved in oxidative stress response in HCC. Using bioinformatics analyses based on the TCGA database, we screened and identified a novel lncRNA AL033381.2 in HCC, which may be involved in oxidative stress responses. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that AL033381.2 is upregulated in HCC tissues. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that AL033381.2 dramatically facilitates the growth and metastasis of HCC. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down experiments, mass spectrometry, PathArray™, and RIP were used to determine that AL033381.2 binds to PRKRA and may be involved in AL033381.2-mediated oncogenic functions in HCC cells. Moreover, rescue experiments demonstrated that PRKRA overexpression rescues the abilities of HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion that were affected by AL033381.2 knockdown. Furthermore, we produced a nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery system and tested its therapeutic effects in vivo. The results showed that the in vivo growth rate of the tumors treated with the nanoparticle/AL033381.2 siRNA complexes was dramatically lower than those treated with the nanoparticle/scramble siRNA complexes. Taken together, our results suggest that the novel lncRNA AL033381.2 may be involved in oxidative stress response by targeting oxidative stress-related genes in HCC. AL033381.2 plays vital oncogenic roles in HCC progression and may be a novel therapeutic marker for HCC diagnosis and treatment.

[Predictive value of carotid ultrasound in combination with passive leg raising on fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of monitor carotid velocity time integral (VTI) and corrected flow time (FTc) by bedside ultrasound before and after passive leg raising (PLR) in predicting fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted. Fifty patients with critical illness admitted to the First People's Hospital of Fuyang Hangzhou from January 2020 to March 2021 were enrolled. The clinical data including the gender, age, body mass index (BMI), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and the duration of mechanical ventilation were recorded. The changes of carotid VTI and FTc were measured by bedside ultrasound, and the values of heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), stroke volume index (SVI), and intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) were measured by pulse indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitor before and after PLR in all patients. According to the changes of SVI before and after PLR, the patients were divided into fluid responsiveness positive group with the change rate of SVI ≥ 15% and fluid responsiveness negative group with the change rate of SVI < 15%. The differences in the values of VTI, FTc, CVP, and ITBVI obtained before and after PLR (ΔVTI, ΔFTc, ΔCVP and ΔITBVI) were calculated and then compared between the two groups. The predictive values of these indicators on fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients were analyzed by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), and their relationship with the difference in SVI (ΔSVI) obtained before and after PLR was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: Fifty patients were all enrolled in this study, in which 27 patients were fluid response and 23 patients were fluid nonresponse. Basic clinical data were not different between the two groups. The values of ΔVTI, ΔFTc, ΔCVP, and ΔITBVI in fluid response were all significantly higher than those in fluid nonresponse [ΔVTI (cm): 2.07±1.16 vs. 0.67±0.86, ΔFTc (ms): 4.00±6.10 vs. 0.01±2.26, ΔCVP (cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa): 1.67±1.14 vs. 1.00±1.17, ΔITBVI (mL/m2): 98±69 vs. 48±70, all P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that ΔVTI, ΔFTc, ΔCVP and ΔITBVI were all positive for predicting fluid responsiveness, their area under ROC curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 0.870 (0.769-0.972), 0.694 (0.547-0.841), 0.684 (0.535-0.832) and 0.709 (0.564-0.855), respectively. When using ΔVTI 0.92 cm, ΔFTc 1.45 ms, ΔCVP 1.50 cmH2O and ΔITBVI 44.50 mL/m2 as the threshold values, the sensitivities were 96.3%, 63.0%, 44.4% and 81.5%, and the specificities were 65.2%, 78.3%, 82.6% and 56.5%, respectively, in which the predictive value of ΔVTI was the largest. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that ΔVTI, ΔFTc, ΔCVP, and ΔITBVI were positively associated with ΔSVI (r values were 0.971, 0.334, 0.440, 0.650, P values were 0.000, 0.018, 0.001, 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Carotid ΔVTI and ΔFTc monitored by bedside ultrasound before and after PLR could be as effective as conventional indicators in predicting fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients, and the predictive value of ΔVTI was better than others.

Norisoboldine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Macrophage Polarization via PKM2/HIF-1α/PGC-1α Pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of norisopoldine (NOR) on acute lung injury in septic mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish sepsis induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. The dry and wet weight of mice lung was detected, and the pathological changes of lung were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected. Inflammatory factors in BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The polarization of macrophages in lung tissue was detected by flow cytometry. The markers of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by RT-PCR. LPS induced RAW264.7 cells were treated with NOR. Inflammatory response, macrophage polarization, glycolysis, and M2 pyruvate kinase (PKM2)/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway were detected. NOR could effectively alleviate sepsis induced ALI, and reduce the number of total cells, total protein concentration, neutrophils, macrophages in BALF. NOR decreased the level of inflammatory factors and promoted macrophages from M1 to M2 type in vivo and vitro. Moreover, NOR could activated PKM2, and inhibited PKM2 from cytoplasm to nuclear, attenuated HIF-1α expression, and increased PGC-1α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression. In addition, NOR inhibited glycolysis and promoted oxidative phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, PKM2 inhibitors could reverse the effect of NOR on PKM2/HIF-1α/PGC-1α signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. NOR alleviated sepsis induced AIL in mice, inhibited the inflammatory response, promote M2 polarization of macrophages through regulating PKM2/HIF-1α/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Effect of TiO2 on the Sintering Behavior of Low-Grade Vanadiferous Titanomagnetite Ore.

Low-grade vanadiferous titanomagnetite ore (LVTM) is as an important mineral resource for sintering ore manufacturing. Furthermore, TiO2 has a significant effect on the sintering process of iron ore fines. The effects of TiO2 on the metallurgical properties, microstructure, and mineral composition of LVTM sinter were investigated by sintering pot tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mineral phase microanalysis. The results were as follows: as the TiO2 content increased from 1.75% to 4.55%, the flame front speed and productivity decreased, while the reduction degradation index (RDI) and softening properties deteriorated. In addition, the tumbler index (TI) values reached a maximum at TiO2 = 1.75%. In addition, with increasing TiO2 content, an increase in the magnetite and perovskite phase, and a decrease in calcium ferrite and hematite were found with an increase in TiO2 content. Thus, the lower the TiO2 content, the better the quality of the sinter.

Nutritional status of protein intake in severe pneumonia patients based on dietary nutrition information system.

In order to explore the effect of protein intake on the nutritional status of patients with severe pneumonia (SP) based on a dietary nutrition information system, 108 cases of SP patients of The First people's Hospital of Fuyang were selected as the research objects. Nutrition score of these patients was made by using dietary nutrition information system and then the patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Both groups were treated with basic treatment combined nutrition treatment. At the same time, the experimental group was added with donkey milk, Badanmu, Chamagu compound containing a variety of protein nutritional preparations 20g/d. The changes of intestinal mucosal barrier function in two groups were observed before treatment and 7-14 days after treatment. The results showed that the enteral nutrition (EN) of the experimental group rich in multiple proteins could reduce the levels of blood diamine oxidase (DAO), D-Lactic ac (D-LC) and bacterial endotoxin (BT), protect the intestinal mucosal barrier function of SP patients, improve the gastrointestinal function of SP patients and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal motility disorder. That is to say, SP patients need not only high protein nutrition supplement but also a variety of protein supply. The nutritional status of protein intake in patients with SP was studied based on dietary nutrition information system. The results provided experimental data for nutritional treatment of patients with SP.

BNIP3L/NIX degradation leads to mitophagy deficiency in ischemic brains.

Mitophagy, the elimination of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, promotes neuronal survival in cerebral ischemia. Previous studies found deficient mitophagy in ischemic neurons, but the mechanisms are still largely unknown. We determined that BNIP3L/NIX, a mitophagy receptor, was degraded by proteasomes, which led to mitophagy deficiency in both ischemic neurons and brains. BNIP3L exists as a monomer and homodimer in mammalian cells, but the effects of homodimer and monomer on mitophagy are unclear. Site-specific mutations in the transmembrane domain of BNIP3L (S195A and G203A) only formed the BNIP3L monomer and failed to induce mitophagy. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type BNIP3L, in contrast to the monomeric BNIP3L, rescued the mitophagy deficiency and protected against cerebral ischemic injury. The macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 were used in cerebral ischemic brains to identify how BNIP3L was reduced. We found that MG132 blocked the loss of BNIP3L and subsequently promoted mitophagy in ischemic brains. In addition, the dimeric form of BNIP3L was more prone to be degraded than its monomeric form. Carfilzomib, a drug for multiple myeloma therapy that inhibits proteasomes, reversed the BNIP3L degradation and restored mitophagy in ischemic brains. This treatment protected against either acute or chronic ischemic brain injury. Remarkably, these effects of carfilzomib were abolished in bnip3l-/- mice. Taken together, the present study linked BNIP3L degradation by proteasomes with mitophagy deficiency in cerebral ischemia. We propose carfilzomib as a novel therapy to rescue ischemic brain injury by preventing BNIP3L degradation.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AAV: adeno-associated virus; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BCL2L13: BCL2-like 13 (apoptosis facilitator); BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CFZ: carfilzomib; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; CQ: chloroquine; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; I-R: ischemia-reperfusion; MAP1LC3A/LC3A: microtube-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtube-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; O-R: oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion; OGD: oxygen and glucose deprivation; PHB2: prohibitin 2; pMCAO: permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; PRKN/PARK2: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PT: photothrombosis; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride.

Analysis of Human Acupoint Biological Information and Neural Electric Activity Based on Ultrasonographic Image.

To find out the bioelectric signal discriminative features of different acupoints at the same time and at the same acupoint, and then analyze these differences to determine the type of acupuncture points and assist in judging the patient's condition, a hardware system was designed that can collect subcutaneous potential information of acupoints. Then, the changes of ultrasonic images were analyzed after acupuncture at Zu San Li, as well as the influence of acupuncture at Zu San Li on vagal nerve activity. The hardware system is composed of 4 parts: an analog circuit module, a digital circuit module, a power module, and a host personal computer. The power module adopted dual-module power supply mode, which was composed of MC78M05CT and LM2576 and their related peripheral circuits to ensure the stability of the circuit. The analog circuit module collected the electric signals from the 2 acupoints of Zu San Li and Shang Ju Xu of the volunteers' calves through a multistage electrode probe. In the amplifier module, Butterworth filter and 50 HZ notch are used to reduce the noise of electric signals. The filtered and amplified electric signals are converted into A/D converter in the digital circuit module. Serial communication is used to transmit data to the upper computer of the personal computer to compare the noise reduction effect of acupoint information, multiple sequences of different acupoints, and multiple sequences of the same acupoint. The influence of acupuncture at the Zu San Li acupoint on the muscle tension around the acupoint was investigated by shear wave acoustic elastic imaging technology. The influence of acupuncture at this acupoint was explored on vagal nerve activity. The results show that the wavelet noise reduction method can greatly filter out the interference signals. In the case of artificial stimulation, the signal waveform of each twist shows a big increase, and the comparison shows that there is no significant change in the frequency of other bands. Through ultrasonic image evaluation, it was found that acupuncture at Zu San Li can significantly affect the mean value of Young modulus. After acupuncture at Zu San Li, the vagal activity was increased and the balance ratio of sympathetic vagal activity was reduced. Part of the potential frequency of the acupoint is extremely active, which is the response potential of the subcutaneous induction tissue at the acupoint, which proved the feasibility of collecting electric signals around the acupoints in this kind of hardware system. It is of great significance to diagnose the disease according to the characteristics of acupoint electric signals.

[Design and application of a new gastrointestinal nutrition pipeline].

Gastrointestinal nutrition tube is a special gastrointestinal tube designed for enteral nutrition, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring in severe patients. Clinically, it is inserted into patients' stomach for flushing, provide nutrition through stomach, duodenum or jejunum, and decompress gastrointestinal tract. It also can be used for gastric drainage, gastric juice pH value determination, and early diagnosis and treatment for stomach bleeding and other symptoms. Currently, gastrointestinal nutrition tube can only rely on guidewire and blind manipulation, or by gastroscopy, which may produce damage to the patients, including stimulating the digestive tract mucous membrane, and causing adverse reaction. Therefore, a new type gastrointestinal nutrition line was designed by the medical staff of intensive care unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital of Fuyang District in Hangzhou according to the technical problems existing in the insertion of gastrointestinal nutrition tube, and National Utility Model Patent of China was obtained (ZL 2019 2 0118506.0). It included V-shaped joint, first pipe, second pipe, function module, supply pipe, scale line, upper clasp, lower clasp, elliptical balloon, elastic guide wire and infusion opening. Compared with the existed technology, it has multiple channels, functions and placement methods. The utility model has a simple structure and reasonable design, which can be very handy to insert and provide nutrient solution.