Heterogeneous-Structure-Based AuNBs@TiO2 Nano-Photosensitizers for Computed Tomography Imaging Guided NIR-II Photodynamic Therapy and Cancer Metastatic Prevention.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive cancer treatment that, despite its significant attention, faces limitations in penetration depth, which restrict its effectiveness. Herein, it is found that gold nanobipyramid (AuNBs) coated with TiO2 can form a core-shell heterogeneous structure (AuNBs@TiO2) with strong absorption at second near infrared (NIR-II) region. A substantial quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, can be rapidly generated when subjecting the AuNBs@TiO2 aqueous suspension to 1064 nm laser irradiation. The quantum yield for sensitization of 1O2 by AuNBs@TiO2 is 0.36 at 1064 nm light excitation. In addition, the Au element as high-Z atoms in the nanosystem can improve the ability of computed tomographic (CT) imaging. As compared to commercial iohexol, the AuNBs@TiO2 nanoparticle exhibits significantly better CT imaging effect, which can be used to guide PDT. In addition, the nano-photosensitizer shows a remarkable therapeutic effect against established solid tumors and prevents tumor metastasis and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade therapy. More importantly, here the great potentials of AuNBs@TiO2 are highlighted as a theranostic platform for CT-guided cancer photodynamic immunotherapy.

Topological Electronic Transition Contributing to Improved Thermoelectric Performance in p-Type Mg3Sb2- xBix Solid Solutions.

Topological electronic transition is the very promising strategy for achieving high band degeneracy (NV) and for optimizing thermoelectric performance. Herein, this work verifies in p-type Mg3Sb2- xBix that topological electronic transition could be the key mechanism responsible for elevating the NV of valence band edge from 1 to 6, leading to much improved thermoelectric performance. Through comprehensive spectroscopy characterizations and theoretical calculations of electronic structures, the topological electronic transition from trivial semiconductor is unambiguously demonstrated to topological semimetal of Mg3Sb2- xBix with increasing the Bi content, due to the strong spin-orbit coupling of Bi and the band inversion. The distinct evolution of Fermi surface configuration and the multivalley valence band edge with NV of 6 are discovered in the Bi-rich compositions, while a peculiar two-step band inversion is revealed for the first time in the end compound Mg3Bi2. As a result, the optimal p-type Mg3Sb0.5Bi1.5 simultaneously obtains a positive bandgap and high NV of 6, and thus acquires the largest thermoelectric power factor of 3.54 and 6.93 µW cm-1 K-2 at 300 and 575 K, respectively, outperforming the values in other compositions. This work provides important guidance on improving thermoelectric performance of p-type Mg3Sb2- xBix utilizing the topological electronic transition.

Rapid low-temperature densification of Ag2Se bulk material: mass transfer through the dissociative adsorption reaction of Ag protrusions and Se saturated vapor.

In materials science, the impact of density on a material's capabilities is profound. Conventional sintering requires high temperatures and is energy-demanding, propelling the pursuit of less intensive, low-temperature densification methods. Electric field-assisted sintering has recently gained attention for its simplicity and effectiveness, offering a new frontier in low-temperature densification. In this study, dense bulk materials were produced by subjecting monophasic Ag2Se powders to electric field-assisted sintering, where a direct current with an average value of 4 A was applied, achieving a peak temperature of 344 K. The novel low-temperature densification mechanism unfolds thus: nanoscale silver protrusions, stimulated by electrical current, engage in a dissociative adsorption reaction with the ambient saturated selenium vapor. This process swiftly engenders the formation of fresh silver selenide (Ag2Se) compounds, initiating nucleation and subsequent growth. Consecutively, these compounds seamlessly occupy and expand, perpetually bridging the interstices amidst the powders. In a scant 8 s, the density swiftly surpassed 99%, yielding a bulk material that exhibited aZTvalue of 1.07 at 390 K. This investigation not only attains an unparalleled density at low temperatures but also charts a pioneering course for material densification in such conditions.

Dual-Cation CuAgSe-Based Material: Rapid Mass Transfer in Synthesis and High Thermoelectric Performance Realization.

Understanding mass transfer mechanisms is vital for developing new material synthesis and densification technologies. Ion transport, serving both mass and charge transfer, is essential for the rapid preparation of high-performance fast ionic conductor thermoelectric materials like Zn4Sb3 and Cu2Q (Q = S, Se). In the case of dual-cation fast ion conductor materials like CuAgSe, exploring the relationship between cation transport becomes pertinent. In this study, copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) undergo a reaction in the presence of an electric field (∼15 A), resulting in the formation of the CuSe compound. Subsequent to this initial reaction, a subsequent thermal environment facilitates the interaction among Cu, CuSe, and Ag2Se, culminating in the rapid formation and densification of CuAgSe (with a relative density exceeding 99%) in just 30 s. Evidently, the diffusion of copper ions substantiates a pivotal role in facilitating mass transfer. As a result, CuAg1+xSe samples with different silver contents (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) can effectively inhibit cation vacancy, and introduce highly ordered Ag nanotwins to enhance the electrical transport performance. For CuAg1.04Se, a peak ZT value of 1.0 can be achieved at 673 K, which is comparable to the literatures. This work will guide the future electric field-assisted rapid mass transfer of materials.

Regulating Local Atomic Environment around Vacancies for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Defect engineering is essential for the development of efficient electrocatalysts at the atomic level. While most work has focused on various vacancies as effective catalytic modulators, little attention has been paid to the relation between the local atomic environment of vacancies and catalytic activities. To face this challenge, we report a facile synthetic approach to manipulate the local atomic environments of vacancies in MoS2 with tunable Mo-to-S ratios. Our studies indicate that the MoS2 with more Mo terminated vacancies exhibits better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance than MoS2 with S terminated vacancies and defect-free MoS2. The improved performance originates from the adjustable orbital orientation and distribution, which is beneficial for regulating H adsorption and eventually boosting the intrinsic per-site activity. This work uncovers the underlying essence of the local atomic environment of vacancies on catalysis and provides a significant extension of defect engineering for the rational design of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) catalysts and beyond.

The Failure Mechanism of Micro Thermoelectric Devices under the Action of the Temperature Field.

The micro thermoelectric device (m-TED) boasts features such as adjustable volume, straightforward structure, and precise, rapid temperature control, positioning it as the only current solution for managing the temperature of microelectronic systems. It is extensively utilized in 5G optical modules, laser lidars, and infrared detection. Nevertheless, as the size of the m-TED diminishes, the growing proportion of interface damages the device's operational reliability, constraining the advancement of the m-TED. In this study, we used commercially available bismuth telluride materials to construct the m-TED. The device's reliability was tested under various temperatures: -40, 85, 125, and 150 °C. By deconstructing and analyzing the devices that failed during the tests, we discovered that the primary cause of device failure was the degradation of the solder layer. Moreover, we demonstrated that encapsulating the device with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) could effectively delay the deterioration of its performance. This study sparks new insights into the service reliability of m-TEDs and paves the way for further optimizing device interface design and enhancing the device manufacturing process.

Nature of Thermal Hysteresis of Thermoelectric Properties in Ag2TexS1-x Compounds.

Ag2TexS1-x usually undergo various phase structures upon heating or cooling processes; however, the correlation between the heat treatment, the phase structure, and the physical properties is still a controversy. Herein, three different phases are realized for Ag2TexS1-x (0.35 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) samples during the heat treatment, including the low-temperature crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and high-temperature cubic phase. The metastable amorphous phase is an intermediate phase formed during transition from the high-temperature cubic phase to the low-temperature crystalline phase upon cooling via a solid-state conversion rather than the conventional liquid quenching process. The relative content of these three phases is highly sensitive to the heat treatment process. This as-formed low-temperature crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and high-temperature cubic phase convert into the low-temperature crystalline phase and high-temperature cubic phase through long-time dwelling at the temperature below or above the transition temperature around 567 K, respectively. The status of the low-temperature crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and high-temperature cubic phase significantly affects the thermoelectric properties, resulting in the thermal hysteresis of thermoelectric properties. Below the phase transition temperature (TM), the electrical conductivity of the amorphous phase surpasses that of the low-temperature crystalline phase, which shows a growth of 112% for the Ag2Te0.60S0.40 sample annealed at 823 K in comparison with that of the sample annealed at 473 K. For Ag2Te0.50S0.50 samples annealed at 473 K, the maximum ZT value reaches 1.02 at 623 K during the initial test, while the maximum ZT value is improved to 1.34 at 523 K in the second-round test.

Exploring the Epitaxial Growth Kinetics and Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi2Te4 Films.

The discovery of MnBi2Te4-based intrinsic magnetic topological insulators has fueled tremendous interest in condensed matter physics, owing to their potential as an ideal platform for exploring the quantum anomalous Hall effect and other magnetism-topology interactions. However, the fabrication of single-phase MnBi2Te4 films remains a common challenge in the research field. Herein, we present an effective and simple approach for fabricating high-quality, near-stoichiometric MnBi2Te4 films by directly matching the growth rates of intermediate Bi2Te3 and MnTe. Through systematic experimental studies and thermodynamic calculations, we demonstrate that binary phases of Bi2Te3 and MnTe are easily formed during film growth, and the reaction of Bi2Te3 + MnTe → MnBi2Te4 represents the rate-limiting step among all possible reaction paths, which could result in the presence of Bi2Te3 and MnTe impurity phases in the grown MnBi2Te4 films. Moreover, Bi2Te3 and MnTe impurities introduce negative and positive anomalous Hall (AH) components, respectively, in the AH signals of MnBi2Te4 films. Our work suggests that further manipulation of growth parameters should be the essential route for fabricating phase-pure MnBi2Te4 films.

Balanced High Thermoelectric Performance in n-Type and p-Type CuAgSe Realized through Vacancy Manipulation.

As a liquid-like material, CuAgSe has high carrier mobility and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. It undergoes an n-p conduction-type transition during ß- to α-phase transition with increasing temperature. Moreover, optimization of the thermoelectric performance of CuAgSe is rather difficult, owing to the two-carrier conduction in this material. In this work, we reported the free tuning of the conduction type and thermoelectric performance of CuAgSe by manipulating the cation vacancies. Positron annihilation measurements reveal that the increase in CuAg content can effectively suppress the cation vacancies and reduce the hole carrier concentration, resulting in n-type conduction at high temperatures. Doping with Zn at the Cu sublattice in the CuAg-excessive CuAgSe can further decrease the number of vacancies, leading to a significant decrease in hole carrier concentration. Furthermore, the reduction of vacancies leads to weakening of carrier scattering. As a result, carrier mobility is also enhanced, thus improving the thermoelectric performance of n-type CuAgSe. On the other hand, high-performance p-type CuAgSe can be achieved by decreasing the CuAg content to introduce more cation vacancies. Ultimately, both n-type and p-type CuAgSe with superb thermoelectric performance are obtained, with a zTmax of 0.84 in Cu1.01Ag1.02Zn0.01Se (n-type) and 1.05 in (CuAg)0.96Se (p-type) at 600 K and average zT of 0.77 and 0.94 between 470 and 630 K for n-type and p-type, respectively.

Compartmentalized Nano-MOFs as Co-delivery Systems for Enhanced Antitumor Therapy.

Therapeutic bioactive macromolecules hold great promise in cancer therapy, but challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and susceptibility to inactivation during the targeted co-delivery hinder their widespread applications. Compartmentalized nano-metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) can easily load macromolecules in the innermost layer, protect them from the outside environment, and selectively release them in the target location after stimulation, showing great potential in the co-delivery of biomacromolecules. Herein, the rationally designed (GOx + CAT)/ZIF-8@BSATPZ/ZIF-8 (named GCZ@BTZ) nMOFs with compartmentalized structures are employed to deliver cascaded enzymes and the chemotherapeutic drug tirapazamine (TPZ)-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSATPZ). Benefiting from the compartmentalized structure and protective shell, the GCZ@BTZ system is stable during blood circulation and preferentially accumulates in the tumor. Furthermore, in response to the acidic tumor environment, GCZ@BTZ effectively released the loading enzymes and BSATPZ. Along with the tumor starvation caused by depletion of glucose, cascaded reactions could also contribute to the enhancement of tumor hypoxia, which further activated BSATPZ-based chemotherapy. Notably, in the mouse tumor models, GCZ@BTZ treatment significantly inhibits tumor survival and metastasis. Such a compartmentalized nMOF delivery system presents a promising avenue for the efficient delivery of bioactive macromolecules.

Vacancy Suppression Induced Synergetic Optimization of Thermoelectric Performance in Sb-Doped GeTe Evidenced by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy.

Synergetic optimization of the electrical and thermal transport performance of GeTe has been achieved through Sb doping in this work, resulting in a high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 2.2 at 723 K. Positron annihilation measurements provided clear evidence that Sb doping in GeTe can effectively suppress the Ge vacancies, and the decrease of vacancy concentration coincides well with the change of hole carrier concentration after Sb doping. The decreased scattering by hole carriers and vacancies causes notable increase in carrier mobility. Despite this, the density of states effective mass is not enhanced by Sb doping, a maximum power factor of 4562 µW m-1 K-2 at 723 K is obtained for Ge0.94Sb0.06Te with an optimized carrier concentration of ∼3.65 × 1020 cm-3. Meanwhile, the electronic thermal conductivity κe is reduced because of the decreased electrical conductivity σ with the increase of the Sb doping amount. In addition, the lattice thermal conductivity κL is also suppressed due to multiple phonon scattering mechanism, such as the large mass and strain fluctuations by the substitution of Sb for Ge atoms, and also the unique microstructure including grain boundary, nano-pore, and dislocation in the samples. In conclusion, a maximum ZT of 2.2 is gained at 723 K, which contributes to preferable TE property for GeTe-based materials.

Longitudinal modifiable risk and protective factors of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and aims: The study aims to thoroughly understand the causal and precedent modifiable risk or protective factors for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), a newly defined and prevalent mental disorder. Methods: We performed a systematic review on quality-designed longitudinal studies based on five online databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they addressed IGD, adopted longitudinal, prospective, or cohort study designs, presented modifiable factors of IGD, and reported the effect sizes for correlations. Pooled Pearson's correlations were calculated using the random effects model. Results: Thirty-nine studies with 37,042 subjects were included. We identified 34 modifiable factors, including 23 intrapersonal factors (e.g., gaming time, loneliness, etc.), 10 interpersonal factors (e.g., peer relationship, social support, etc.), and 1 environmental factor (i.e., school engagement). Age, the male ratio, study region, and study years were significant moderators. Discussion and conclusions: Intrapersonal factors were stronger predictors than interpersonal and environmental factors. It may imply that individual-based theories are more powerful to explain the development of IGD. Longitudinal research on the environmental factors of IGD was lacking; more studies are warranted. The identified modifiable factors would help to guide effective interventions for IGD reduction and prevention.

Manipulating the Interfacial Band Bending For Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties of 1T'-MoTe2 /Bi2 Te3 Superlattice Films.

Interfacial charge effects, such as band bending, modulation doping, and energy filtering, are critical for improving electronic transport properties of superlattice films. However, effectively manipulating interfacial band bending has proven challenging in previous studies. In this study, (1T'-MoTe2 )x (Bi2 Te3 )y superlattice films with symmetry-mismatch were successfully fabricated via the molecular beam epitaxy. This enables to manipulate the interfacial band bending, thereby optimizing the corresponding thermoelectric performance. These results demonstrate that the increase of Te/Bi flux ratio (R) effectively tailored interfacial band bending, resulting in a reduction of the interfacial electric potential from ≈127 meV at R = 16 to ≈73 meV at R = 8. It is further verified that a smaller interfacial electric potential is more beneficial for optimizing the electronic transport properties of (1T'-MoTe2 )x (Bi2 Te3 )y . Especially, the (1T'-MoTe2 )1 (Bi2 Te3 )12 superlattice film displays the highest thermoelectric power factor of 2.72 mW m-1 K-2 among all films, due to the synergy of modulation doping, energy filtering, and the manipulation of band bending. Moreover, the lattice thermal conductivity of the superlattice films is significantly reduced. This work provides valuable guidance to manipulate the interfacial band bending and further enhance the thermoelectric performances of superlattice films.

The relationship between child maltreatment and social anxiety: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Globally, child maltreatment has become a serious problem, affecting individuals' physical and mental health. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between child maltreatment and social anxiety. METHODS: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles published by October 2021. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Maltreatment type, sample setting, age, country and measurement instruments were analyzed as moderators. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Child maltreatment was positively correlated with social anxiety (r = 0.201, 95 % CI [0.171, 0.230]). The moderating effect of maltreatment subtypes was significant whether divided into three types (Qb = 12.152, p = .002), or five types (Qb = 11.574, p = .021). Specifically, emotional maltreatment (r = 0.251, 95 % CI [0.201, 0.298]) had a stronger relationship with social anxiety than physical (r = 0.138, 95 % CI [0.085, 0.191]; Qb = 9.312, p = .002) and sexual maltreatment (r = 0.153, 95 % CI [0.108, 0.197]; Qb = 9.197, p = .002). However, there was no significant difference in the effect size between physical and sexual maltreatment (Qb = 0.096, p = .757). Other variables (age, sample setting and country) were not significant moderators. LIMITATIONS: Only twenty-nine studies were included, and there was high heterogeneity among the studies, the interpretation of the results should be cautious. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis confirmed the relationship between child maltreatment and social anxiety, especially highlight the harmfulness of emotional maltreatment.

Comparative efficacy for different age groups of psychological or psychosocial treatments on post-traumatic stress disorder: protocol for systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.

INTRODUCTION: It remains unknown whether psychological or psychosocial treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have comparable effects across the life span. This study aims at comparing the effects of psychological/psychosocial treatments for PTSD between different age groups of youth, early-middle adults and late adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search will be conducted among thirteen electronic databases, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, the Wanfang database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database) and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, from inception to 15 May 2022. Electronic searches will be supplemented by a comprehensive grey literature search in Conference proceedings and trial registries. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing psychological or psychosocial treatments for PTSD with control conditions in all age groups will be included. The primary outcome is the between-treatments efficacy for PTSD that refers to the outcomes of the RCTs included in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes will be calculated for all comparisons and pooled with a fixed effects model or a random effects model. Differences in the efficacy of psychological/psychosocial therapies for PTSD across the age groups will be examined by stratified analyses and meta-regression analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Data used in this study will be anonymised. These data will not be used for other purposes than research. Authors who supply the data will be acknowledged. The authors declare that no conflicts of interest exist. The findings of this study will be disseminated through briefing reports, publications and presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022334305.

Excellent Stability of Ga-Doped Garnet Electrolyte against Li Metal Anode via Eliminating LiGaO2 Precipitates for Advanced All-Solid-State Batteries.

Ga-doped garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (Ga-LLZO) ceramics have long been recognized as ideal electrolyte candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, in this study, it is shown that Ga-LLZO easily and promptly cracks in contact with molten lithium during the ASSLB assembly. This can be mainly ascribed to two aspects: (i) lithium captures O atoms and reduces Ga ions of the Ga-LLZO matrix, leading to a band-gap closure from >5 to <2 eV and a structural collapse from cubic to tetrahedral; and (ii) the in situ-formed LiGaO2 impurity phase has severe side reactions with lithium, resulting in huge stress release along the grain boundaries. It is also revealed that, while the former process consumes hours to take effect, the latter one is immediate and accounts for the crack propagation of Ga-LLZO electrolytes. A minute SiO2 is preadded during the synthesis of Ga-LLZO and found effective in eliminating the LiGaO2 impurity phase. The SiO2-modified Ga-LLZO solid electrolytes display excellent thermomechanical and electrochemical stabilities against lithium metals and well-reserved ionic conductivities, which was further confirmed by half-cells and full batteries. This study contributes to the understanding of the stability of garnet electrolytes and promotes their potential commercial applications in ASSLBs.

Social support and posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The beneficial role of social support on posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been assumed by theoretical models and established in some studies. However, there are inconsistent findings and little knowledge on moderators. The present study aims to investigate the overall effect size of the relationship and identify factors affecting the association. METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of studies. Study quality, study design, trauma type, PTG measure, social support measure, continent, publishing language, sample size, gender, religion, and age were analyzed as moderators. Meta-regression was conducted with the significant differential predictors in moderator analysis. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 217 samples and a total of 47,940 participants from both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. There was a medium positive effect size between social support and PTG in random effect model, r = 0.418, p < .001. The meta-regression analysis indicated that the association between social support and PTG was stronger among caregivers (vs. other traumatized samples), Chinese, older individuals and studies with smaller sample size. LIMITATIONS: Only survey results were included in the analysis. The retrospective self-report may limit a more objective assessment of the relations. In addition, 87 % of the studies were cross-sectional, which may influence the estimation of a valid effect size. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the medium positive association between social support and PTG, it is important to enhance social support for trauma survivors. It will be especially effective for caregivers, Chinese, and older people.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence based mental health practice in primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the facilitators and barriers of the implementation of evidence based mental health practice, in order to provide practical experience for promoting the development of evidence based mental health services in primary schools in China.@*Methods@#Semi structured interviews were conducted with 4 education bureau managers, 8 school administrators, 7 classroom teachers, and 7 treatment providers after providing evidence based practice in 10 primary schools in Henan Province, China. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.@*Results@#Evidence based practice in primary schools faced multiple factors at the macro level, school level, and individual level. A total of 8 facilitators and 9 barriers were extracted. Among these factors, some factors were particularly striking. These included the "exclusion" of teacher title evaluation system, time conflict between practice and school schedule, stigmatization of mental health and mismatch between perceived effectiveness of services and expectations.@*Conclusion@#Evidence based mental health practice is feasible in Chinese schools. The implementation process needs to take full account of macro, school and individual multi level factors to move evidence based mental health services from theory and data to practice in China.

Temperature-Driven Twin Structure Formation and Electronic Structure of Epitaxially Grown Mg3Sb2 Films on Mismatched Substrates.

Mg3Sb2-based compounds are one type of important room-temperature thermoelectric materials and the appropriate candidate of type-II nodal line semimetals. In Mg3Sb2-based films, compelling research topics such as dimensionality reduction and topological states rely on the controllable preparation of films with high crystallinity, which remains a big challenge. In this work, high quality Mg3Sb2 films are successfully grown on mismatched substrates of sapphire (000l), while the temperature-driven twin structure evolution and characteristics of the electronic structure are revealed in the as-grown Mg3Sb2 films by in situ and ex situ measurements. The transition of layer-to-island growth of Mg3Sb2 films is kinetically controlled by increasing the substrate temperature (Tsub), which is accompanied with the rational manipulation of twin structure and epitaxial strains. Twin-free structure could be acquired in the Mg3Sb2 film grown at a low Tsub of 573 K, while the formation of twin structure is significantly promoted by elevating the Tsub and annealing, in close relation to the processes of strain relaxation and enhanced mass transfer. Measurements of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) elucidate the intrinsic p-type conduction of Mg3Sb2 films and a bulk band gap of ~0.89 eV, and a prominent Fermi level downshift of ~0.2 eV could be achieved by controlling the film growth parameters. As elucidated in this work, the effective manipulation of the epitaxial strains, twin structure and Fermi level is instructive and beneficial for the further exploration and optimization of thermoelectric and topological properties of Mg3Sb2-based films.