Roles of ginsenosides in sepsis.

The herbal medication Panax ginseng Meyer has widespread use in China, Korea, and other parts of the world. The main constituents of ginseng are ginsenosides, which include over 30 different triterpene saponins. It has been found that ginsenosides and their metabolites including Rg1, compound K, Rb1, Re, Rg3, and Rg5 exert anti-inflammatory activities by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, modulating inflammation-related signaling, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review the recent literature on the molecular actions of ginsenosides in sepsis, suggesting ways in which they may be used to prevent and treat the disease.

Tislelizumab Combined with Carboplatin-Paclitaxel for Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: a Retrospective Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancers with low survival rate had no standard or limited therapy choice. The aim of our study was to determine the efficiency and safety of tislelizumab combined with carboplatin-paclitaxel as a front-line therapy for patients with metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancer. METHODS: This clinical retrospective cohort study examined 24 Chinese patients with metastasis or recurrence but had not yet received treatment. The therapeutic regimen consisted of 6 cycles of intravenous paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (target AUC: 5 mg/mL/min) with tislelizumab (200 mg) once every 3 weeks, and then intravenous tislelizumab (200 mg) once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS: At the 18-month follow-up, 8 patients were still receiving treatment, 13 were dead, and 3 withdrew. The objective response rate (ORR) was 62.5%, the disease control rate was 75.00%. The ORR was 77.78% for patients positive for PD-L1 and 69.23% for patients positive for MSI-H. The median overall survival time was 11.50 months, and the median progression-free survival time was 6.00 months. Half of the patients experienced 3 - 4 grade adverse events. There were no allergic reactions or treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Tislelizumab combined with carboplatin-paclitaxel was used as a front-line therapy, had a beneficial effect and was safe for patients with metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancer.

An Improved Detection Algorithm for Ischemic Stroke NCCT Based on YOLOv5.

Cerebral stroke (CS) is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by multiple disease mechanisms. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a subtype of CS that causes a disruption of cerebral blood flow with subsequent tissue damage. Noncontrast computer tomography (NCCT) is one of the most important IS detection methods. It is difficult to select the features of IS CT within computational image analysis. In this paper, we propose AC-YOLOv5, which is an improved detection algorithm for IS. The algorithm amplifies the features of IS via an NCCT image based on adaptive local region contrast enhancement, which then detects the region of interest via YOLOv5, which is one of the best detection algorithms at present. The proposed algorithm was tested on two datasets, and seven control group experiments were added, including popular detection algorithms at present and other detection algorithms based on image enhancement. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a high accuracy (94.1% and 91.7%) and recall (85.3% and 88.6%) rate; the recall result is especially notable. This proves the excellent performance of the accuracy, robustness, and generalizability of the algorithm.

Kaempferol alleviates the inflammatory response and stabilizes the pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier in LPS-induced sepsis through regulating the SphK1/S1P signaling pathway.

Sepsis, a clinical syndrome causing multi-organ failure, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The effective treatment strategies for sepsis are limited. Some studies have demonstrated the benefits of kaempferol in countering sepsis, but its specific mechanism of action is unclear. The study aimed to investigate the anti-sepsis effects and mechanisms of kaempferol via sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) signaling pathway in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model. We elucidated the effect of kaempferol on sepsis in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, HUVECs and septic mice. In RAW264.7 cells. We found that kaempferol decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators NO and PGE2. Western blot showed that kaempferol inhibited the expression of SphK1, p-p65 and p-IκB-α. LC-MS/MS analyze showed that kaempferol decreased S1P content in RAW264.7 cells. In HUVECs, we found that kaempferol promoted the expression of SphK1 and S1P, while kaempferol increased the expression levels of VE-Cadherin and ß-catenin. In vivo, consistent with the in vitro results, kaempferol alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and endothelial barrier damage. In addition, by immunofluorescence localization of F4/80, CD31 and SphK1, we found that kaempferol inhibited the expression of SphK1 in macrophages and increased the expression of SphK1 in endothelial cells. In summary, our present results not only suggested that kaempferol alleviated the inflammatory response and stabilizes the endothelial barrier in LPS-induced sepsis by regulating the SphK1/S1P signaling pathway, but also showed that kaempferol exhibited cell-specific effects on the regulation of SphK1 expression.