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1.
Gac Med Mex ; 153(1): 49-56, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28128806

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of the V249I and T280M variants of CX3CR1 fractalkine gene with carotid intima-media thickness in Mexican subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed the V249I and T280M variants of the CX3CR1 receptor by TaqMan assays in 111 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 109 healthy controls. Hemoglobin A1c, glucose, and lipid profile were determined. RESULTS: A significant increase in carotid intima-media thickness was observed in type 2 diabetes patients (0.979 ± 0.361 mm) compared to healthy controls (0.588 ± 0.175 mm). In subjects carrying the MM variant of the T280M polymorphism, hemoglobin A1c was higher (p = 0.008). Classic risk factors for atherosclerosis showed no differences between carriers of the T280M and V249I variants. Controls with the II249 genotype associated with carotid intima-media thickness (0.747 ± 0.192 mm; p = 0.041), and this difference remained significant even after adjusting factors such as age, gender, and body mass index (OR: 7.7; 95% CI: 1.269-47.31; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: V249I genotype of the fractalkine receptor showed a protector role in patients with type 2 diabetes. The T280M genotype is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in Mexican individuals with or without type 2 diabetes.


Assuntos
Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico por imagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Receptores de Quimiocinas/genética , Adulto , Receptor 1 de Quimiocina CX3C , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 55(Suppl 4): S402-S407, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29799710

RESUMO

Background: Thyroid nodules are a very common pathology in clinical practice and in imaging studies. Autopsy results indicate a 50% prevalence of thyroid nodules greater than 1 cm in patients with no clinical symptomatology. The goal is to evaluate the accuracy of elastography in the evaluation of thyroid nodules with suspicion of malignancy by comparing the results obtained in qualitative and semi-quantitative elastography with the cytopathological study obtained by BAAF of thyroid nodules and The TI-RADS system. Methods: We included male or female patients over 18 years old, entitled to IMSS, with diagnosis of one or more thyroid nodules, sent to the ultrasound service for FNA and histopathological report at the end of the study. In the statistical analysis, values of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) were obtained. Results: The results showed that the qualitative elastography by the Asteria Score presents a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 53%, PPV of 36% and NPV of 92% , for the semiquantitative elastography a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 87%, PPV of 50% and NPV of 82%. Conclusions: The elastography in its qualitative and semicuantitative mode are useful to help determine the possibility of malignancy of thyroid nodules as an additional element to ultrasound, but it does not replace the citopathologic result or other diagnostic tests, so it should not be taken as a single test. Additionally the high result of NPV is useful to dismiss the possibility of malignancy.


Introducción: Los nódulos tiroideos son una patología común que se enfrenta en la práctica clínica y en estudios de imagen. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la certeza diagnóstica de la elastografía en la evaluación de nódulos tiroideos con sospecha de malignidad comparando el resultado obtenido en la elastografía de forma cualitativa y semicuantitativa con el estudio citopatológico obtenido por BAAF de los nódulos tiroideos y el sistema TI-RADS. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad, derechohabientes del IMSS, con diagnóstico de uno o varios nódulos tiroideos, enviados al servicio de ultrasonido para la realización de la biopsia con aguja fina (BAAF) y con reporte histopatológico al término del estudio. En el análisis estadístico se obtuvieron valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN). ResultadoS: Los resultados mostraron que la elastografía cualitativa por el Score de Asteria presenta una sensibilidad del 86%, especificidad del 56%, VPP del 36% y VPN del 92%, y para la elastografía semicuantitativa valores de sensibilidad de 40% , especificidad de 87%, VPP del 50% y VPN del 82%. Conclusiones: La elastografía en su modalidad cualitativa y semicuantitativa, resulta útil para ayudar a determinar la posibilidad de malignidad de los nódulos tiroideos como un elemento adicional al ultrasonido, sin embargo no sustituyen el resultado citopatológico ni otras pruebas diagnósticas, por lo que no debe ser tomado como única prueba.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia
3.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 55(Suppl 4): S383-S388, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29792794

RESUMO

Background: Health-care Associated Infections (HAI) are one of the main causes of death in critically ill patients. The aim of this paper is to establish an appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment for the main HAI in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A retrospective, observational, descriptive and analytical study of the culture results from January, 2014 to December, 2015. The causative microorganisms were identified, as well as sensitivity and antibiotic resistance. Results: Of the three main HAI in the ICU were Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), whose most common germs were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Urinary Catheter (IVU-CU), Escherichia coli BLEE and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 70%, and 56% of the bloodstream infections of the germs that caused this infection were three, the most frequent being Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella oxytoca and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: VAP was the most frequent HAI and resistant methicillin Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent in this type of infection. The proposed empiric antibiotic treatment was as follows: VAP (vancomycin plus amikacin plus meropenem), IVU-CU (meropenem) and STIs (vancomycin plus cefepime).


Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (IAAS) son una de las principales causas de muerte en pacientes en estado crítico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los gérmenes más frecuentemente asociados a las IAAS en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y determinar el tratamiento antibiótico empírico apropiado. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y analítico de los cultivos de enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2015. Se identificaron los microorganismos causantes de las IAAS, la sensibilidad y la resistencia antibiótica. Resultados: Las tres principales IAAS en la UCI fueron: la neumonía asociada a ventilador (NAV), y los gérmenes más habituales fueron Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente, Acinetobacter baumannii y Pseudomonas aeruginosa; la infección de vías urinarias asociada a catéter urinario (IVUCU) la Escherichia coli BLEE y Pseudomonas aeruginosa fueron aisladas en el 70% y en las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo (ITS) el 56% de los gérmenes fueron Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca y Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente. Conclusiones: La NAV fue la IAAS más frecuente y el Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente fue el más prevalente en este tipo de infección. La propuesta de tratamiento antibiótico empírico es: para NAV (vancomicina más amikacina más meropenem), IVU-CU (meropenem) y las ITS (vancomicina más cefepime).


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Estado Terminal , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 54 Suppl 2: S168-74, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27561021

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections are the most common complications in kidney transplant patients in the first six months and they are associated with high mortality. Other complications include pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary complications in kidney transplant patients by using chest radiography. METHODS: We analyzed a total of 516 chest X-rays of 150 patients who received a kidney transplant in 2014. Chest radiographs were performed in the preoperative and in the postoperative assessments, as well as within the next 48 hours after the surgery, and from 3 to 7, 8-15, 16-30, 31-90, 91-180 and 180 days. For the radiographic study of the lung parenchyma, chest was divided into four quadrants by assigning a value of 1 to each radiographic pattern: reticular, nodular alveolar occupation; lobar or segmental; atelectasis; and ground-glass. Lung parenchyma obtained a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 16 points. Also, we assessed variables such as gender, age, associated comorbidity, and type of renal transplantation. RESULTS: We obtained data from a total of 150 patients; 19 patients had pulmonary complications in the first 24 to 48 hours and 15 patients between 90 and 180 days after the kidney transplantation. The most frequent complications were acute pulmonary edema in early stage and infections in late stage. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of complications diagnosed by chest radiograph was low and it was observed more often in early and late stages.


Introducción: las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior son la complicación más frecuente en pacientes trasplantados de riñón en los primeros seis meses y están asociadas a alta mortalidad. Otras complicaciones pulmonares incluyen edema, embolia y hemorragia pulmonar. Se buscó evaluar las complicaciones pulmonares en los pacientes trasplantados de riñón utilizando la radiografía de tórax. Métodos: se analizaron 516 radiografías de tórax de 150 pacientes que recibieron trasplante renal en el 2014. Las radiografías se tomaron en la valoración preoperatoria, postoperatoria dentro de las 48 horas posteriores, 3 a 7, 8 a 15, 16 a 30, 31 a 90, 91 a 180 y más de 180 días. Para el estudio del parénquima pulmonar se dividió el tórax en cuatro cuadrantes asignando un valor de 1 a cada patrón radiográfico que se encontrara: reticulonodular o de ocupación alveolar, lobar o segmentario, atelectasia y vidrio deslustrado; el parénquima pulmonar obtuvo un valor mínimo de 0 y un mayor de 16 puntos. También se evaluó género, edad, comorbilidad asociada y tipo de trasplante renal. Resultados: se obtuvo la información de un total de 150 pacientes; 19 presentaron complicaciones pulmonares en las primeras 24-48 horas y 15 entre los 90 y los 180 días posteriores al trasplante renal. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron edema agudo pulmonar en la etapa temprana e infecciones en la etapa tardía. Conclusión: la prevalencia de complicaciones diagnosticadas por radiografía de tórax fue baja y se observó más en la etapa temprana y tardía.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Adulto Jovem
5.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 54 Suppl 2: S196-201, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27561025

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The information regarding the factors that affect the success of extubation in neurosurgical patients is limited; thus, it is necessary to determine the prevalence, and the associated factors, of extubation failure in neurosurgical patients. METHODS: It was performed a prospective, longitudinal, observational and comparative study in neurosurgical patients with criteria for extubation. In those who the number of endotracheal aspirations had failed 24 hours before extubation, it was analyzed the presence of cough reflex, length of stay and mechanical ventilation days. RESULTS: 70 patients were included in the study, of whom 11.4 % patients failed extubation and the associated factors were performing 6 events or more of endotracheal tube suction 24 hours prior to weaning (relative risk [RR] = 1.88, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-3.09, p 0.01), 7 days of mechanical ventilation (RR = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.57, p 0.005) and a length of hospital stay of 7.5 days (RR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.47, p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Performing 6 or more endotracheal tube suction events during the 24 hours before extubation is a risk factor for extubation failure in neurosurgical patients.


Introducción: la información con respecto a los factores que afectan el éxito de la extubación en pacientes neuroquirúrgicos es limitada; por lo tanto, es necesario determinar los factores que inciden en esta condición. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, observacional y comparativo en pacientes neuroquirúrgicos con criterios para la extubación. En aquellos que presentaron fracaso se analizó el número de aspiraciones endotraqueales en las 24 horas previas a la extubación, la presencia del reflejo de tos, los días de estancia y de ventilación mecánica. Resultados: se incluyeron 70 pacientes en el estudio, de los cuales el 11.4 % presentó fracaso de la extubación y los factores asociados fueron la realización de 6 aspiraciones de secreciones endotraqueales 24 horas previas a la extubación (con una razón de riesgo [RR] = 1.88, intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95 % = 1.14-3.09, p 0.01), 7 días de ventilación mecánica (RR = 1.31, IC 95 % = 1.08-1.57, p 0.005) y 7.5 días de estancia (RR = 1.24, IC 95 % = 1.05-1.47, p 0.01). Conclusión: hacer seis o más aspiraciones de secreciones endotraqueales durante las 24 horas previas a la extubación es un factor de riesgo para el fracaso de la extubación de pacientes neuroquirúrgicos.


Assuntos
Extubação/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sucção/efeitos adversos
6.
Rev Invest Clin ; 67(4): 240-9, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26426590

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is strongly linked to an increased incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and ankle-arm index are non-invasive complementary measures as subclinical markers of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of carotid intima-media thickness, ankle-arm index, and inflammation profile in Mexican patients with early- and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 145 subjects at an academic medical center: 77 patients with early-onset (< 40 years of age) and 33 patients with late-onset (≥ 40 years) type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 35 healthy volunteers. Clinical history, anthropometrics, blood chemistry, lipids profile, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, cytokines, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined; carotid and lower limb ultrasound were taken. Groups were compared with ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, Student's t or Mann-Whitney U. Spearman or Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS: There were anthropometric and biochemical differences between the three groups. Concentrations of interleukin-1ß, -4 and -6 were significantly higher in patients with late versus early onset diabetes. There were differences in carotid intima-media thickness and ankle-arm index between early and late onset. Age, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, waist circumference, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c showed direct correlation with carotid intima-media thickness, while ankle-arm index showed inverse correlation with blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, time with disease, age at onset, triglycerides, and fibrinogen. Multivariate analysis showed an association between carotid intima-media thickness and disease duration; ankle-arm index with disease duration and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; while only body mass index associated with end diastolic flow velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that carotid intima-media thickness and ankle-arm index are associated with inflammation markers and could be included in the evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, according to disease onset and duration. There are important differences in interleukin concentrations between early- and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, measurement of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is suggested in patients with abnormal ankle-arm index.


Assuntos
Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Adulto , Idade de Início , Aterosclerose , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
7.
Pediatr Diabetes ; 13(7): 552-8, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22583477

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between carotid intima-media thickness, buccodental status, and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with consecutive cases attended in an outpatient clinic (n = 69). Medical and clinical dental history, HbA1c, lipid profile, treatment period, and daily insulin dosage were recorded. Sociodemographic data and anthropometrical measurements were obtained by standardized questionnaire. Doppler real-time ultrasound was performed by a single experienced vascular radiologist blinded to the study. Assessment of buccodental status was done by the Maxillofacial Unit of the Pediatrics Hospital, and an oral scrape culture was collected. RESULTS: The mean age was 11.7 ± 3.0 years, with diabetes 5.1 ± 3.3 years. Mean HbA1c was 8.5 ± 1.7%. Primary teeth were present in 52.2% and bacterial plaque in 94.2%. Buccodental conditions featured caries (63.8%), gingivitis (84%), and enamel demineralization (26.1%): white spot lesions (18.8%) and cavitated lesions (7.3%). Bacteria associated with caries were found in 44.1%. Patients in the highest HbA1c tertile (>8.5%) had greater frequency of buccodental conditions and were positive for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans; also, cIMT increased and vessel compliance decreased compared to those in the lowest tertile (<7.0%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More buccodental conditions and carotid intima-media thickness increase appeared in the patients with HbA1c level > 8.5%, suggesting onset of atherosclerosis. The correlation between buccodental status and HbA1c values may indicate the connection between inflammatory states of atherosclerosis and type 1 diabetes.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico por imagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Doenças da Boca/microbiologia
8.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 131(4): 469-75, jul.-ago. 1995. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-174079

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir tres casos de colecistitis aguda acalculosa(CAA) en pacientes graves y en estado crítico. Pacientes y método: Se nalizaron los expedientes de pacientes que ingresaron a la UCI durante seis meses, se incluyeron los pacientes que cursaron con enfermedad aguda grave que requirió de apoyo avanzado de vida farmacológico y/o electromecánico y que cumplieron tres o más criterios diagnósticos ultrasonográficos o tomográficos de CAA: 1.- Pared vesicular mayor de 4mm de espesor con aumento de volumen de la vesícula (hidrops vesicular), 2.- Presencia de líquido pericolcístico, 3.- Edema subseroso, 4.- Desprendimiento de la mucosa, 5.- Ausencia de cálculos. Resultados: Se identificaron tres hombres con CAA de un total de 490 expedientes revisados. La edad promedio fué de 49 años, la calificación de APACHE II al ingreso fué de 17 puntos como media. La estancia promedio en UCI antes de desarrollar CAA fué de 24 días. Todos cursaron con leucocitosis. Los tres casos se resolvieron por colecistotomía percutánea y drenaje biliar externo. Conclusiones: La incidencia de CAA en nuestra UCI es de un caso por 160 ingresos ó 0.6 por ciento. Los antecedentes de choque, uso de vasopresores, narcóticos y de asistencia mecánica ventilatoria con PEEP son frecuentes en los pacientes que desarrollan CAA. La colesitostomía percutánea y drenaje biliar externo es un método seguro y definitivo cuando no existe gangrena de la pared vesicular


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Colecistite/diagnóstico , Colecistite/fisiopatologia , Colecistostomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Cálculos Biliares/fisiopatologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia/estatística & dados numéricos
9.
Rev. mex. angiol ; 22(1): 4-8, ene.-mar. 1994. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-143016

RESUMO

La enfermedad vascular cerebral es uno de los mayores problemas de salud que provoca incapacidad y muerte. Se calcula que el 75 por ciento de los pacientes con síndrome isquemia-infarto tienen una lesión obstructiva quirúrgicamente accesible. Se estudiaron 60 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad carotídea. Fueron sometidos a ultrasonido Doppler dúplex y arteriografía de carótida primitiva, interna y externa. Se observó que la sensibilidad para el ultrasonido Doppler dúplex de carótida primitiva, carótida interna y carótida externa es de 40-49 por ciento con una clasificación correcta del 94 por ciento. Se demuestra que el ultrasonido Doppler dúplex es suficiente sensible para descartar el diagnóstico y de esta manera al enfermo un procedimiento invasivo en un 84 por ciento. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la utilidad del ultrasonido Doppler dúplex como estudio de selección de pacientes candidatos a arteriográfico


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ultrassom , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Infarto Cerebral , Ultrassonografia , Ultrassonografia , Artérias Carótidas , Artérias Carótidas , Angiografia , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/complicações , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana , Cérebro/irrigação sanguínea
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