The paradox of Picroside II: As a natural antioxidant, but may instead futher aggravate liver injury by exacerbating mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Background: Picroside II (PII), an iridoid glycoside extracted from the rhizomes and stems of the genus Picroside, exhibits pronounced hepatoprotective properties. Pre-administration of PII protects against acute liver injury caused by D-galactosamine (D-Gal), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and acetaminophen (APAP). This study aimed to elucidate the ramifications of PII administration subsequent to the initiation of acute hepatic injury. Methods: Exploring the role of PII treatment in APAP-treated cell and rat models and in D-Gal and CCl4-treated rat models. Results: In rats, APAP treatment increased serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels and decreased glutathione activity and the fluidity of the liver mitochondrial membrane. In L-02 cells, APAP exposure resulted in a decrement in membrane potential, an augmentation in the liberation of reactive oxygen species, and an acceleration of apoptotic processes. Moreover, PII pre-administration protected against D-Gal-induced acute hepatic injury and CCl4-induced chronic hepatic injury in rodent models, whereas PII administration post-injury aggravated CCl4-induced chronic hepatic injury. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the effects of PII depend on the hepatic physiological or pathological state at the time of intervention. While PII possesses the potential to avert drug-induced acute hepatic injury through the mitigation of oxidative stress, its administration post-injury may exacerbate the hepatic damage, underscoring the critical importance of timing in therapeutic interventions.

The influence of physical activity on internet addiction among Chinese college students: the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of gender.

OBJECTIVES: The significance of self-esteem in the relationship between physical activity and Internet addiction among college students cannot be over, as it lays a solid foundation for the prevention and control of Internet addiction. METHODS: A total of 950 college students were surveyed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R) through a cluster random sampling method. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, partial correlation analysis, mediation effect, moderation effect, and Bootstrap testing were conducted on the collected data to analyze and interpret the results. RESULTS: (1) Significant gender differences were found in the amount of physical activity and the degree of Internet addiction among college students(P&& lt;0.001); (2) Physical activity was significantly and positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.26, P < 0.001), but significantly and negatively correlated with Internet addiction (r=-0.23, P < 0.001); Meanwhile, self-esteem and Internet addiction were significantly and negatively related to self-esteem (r=-0.22, P < 0.001). (3) Mediating effect analyses showed that self-esteem played a partial mediating role in physical activity and Internet addiction among college students, accounting for a portion of 78.95%. (4) A moderating effect of gender on the relationship between physical activity and Internet addiction was discovered. CONCLUSION: The physical activity level of male students is significantly higher than that of female students, while the degree of internet addiction among female students is notably higher than that of male students. Physical activity can not only directly improve the issue of internet addiction among college students, but also indirectly improve it through self-esteem, with gender playing a moderating role in this process. This conclusion has practical reference significance for preventing and controlling internet addiction among college students, and provides evidence support for using physical activity as a reference solution in clinical applications. Additionally, it suggests that gender should be taken into account when preventing and intervening in internet addiction among college students, and different strategies and methods should be adopted for male and female students. Male students should be encouraged to participate more in physical activities, gradually increasing the frequency, duration, and intensity of their participation, in order to divert their attention and enhance their sense of achievement in sports, thereby reducing their use of mobile phones. For female students, on the other hand, it is important to strengthen real-life communication, change the form of sports participation, engage in group, collaborative, and different situational sports activities, and enhance their focus and attention in sports, in order to reduce their internet dependency, better guide them to use the internet reasonably, and enable them to achieve emotional release through sports.

Magnetic resonance imaging features for differentiating tuberculous from pyogenic spondylitis: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a meta-analysis comparing the MRI features of tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis, using histopathological results and/or blood culture as the standard reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies on the MRI features of tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis published between January 2010 and February 2023. Risk for bias and concerns regarding applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Pooled MRI features' proportions were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria: 21 for tuberculous spondylitis, three for pyogenic spondylitis, and eight for both. Of the nine informative MRI features comparing tuberculous spondylitis to pyogenic spondylitis, involvement of ≥ 2 vertebral bodies (92% vs. 88%, P = .004), epidural extension (77% vs. 25%, P < .001), paravertebral collection (91% vs. 84%, P < .001), subligamentous spread (93% vs. 24%, P < .001), thin and regular abscess wall (94% vs. 18%, P < .001), vertebral collapse (68% vs. 24%, P < .001), and kyphosis (39% vs. 3%, P < .01) were more suggestive of tuberculous spondylitis, while disc signal change (82% vs. 95%, P < .001) and disc height loss (22% vs. 59%, P < .001) were more suggestive of pyogenic spondylitis. CONCLUSION: Involvement of ≥ 2 vertebral vertebral bodies, soft tissue attribution, thin and regular abscess wall, vertebral collapse, and kyphosis were MRI features more common in tuberculous spondylitis, while disc signal change and height loss were more common in pyogenic spondylitis.

Relationship between dry eye disease and physical and mental health in primary and secondary school teachers / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between dry eye disease(DED)and physical and mental health in teachers, and to explore its mechanism and propose intervention measures.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A total of 183 teachers from three primary and secondary schools in the urban area of Linyi City, Shandong Province were enrolled in the study. DED symptoms were quantified using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire. A compact version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale(DASS-21)was used to evaluate psychological state. The relationship between potential influencing factors and DED was evaluated by independent sample t-test of quantitative variables and χ2test of classified variables. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis to determine the influencing factors of DED. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between OSDI score and depression, anxiety and stress.RESULTS: There were 183 teachers, including 44 males(24.0%)and 139 females(76.0%), aged from 22 to 57 years, with an average age of(34.2±8.6)years. The prevalence of DED was 60.0%(109/183; 95%CI 52.4%-66.7%). The prevalence of depression was 26.2%(48/183; 95%CI 19.8%-32.7%); anxiety prevalence was 39.3%(72/183; 95%CI 32.2%-46.5%); and stress prevalence was 23.0%(42/183; 95%CI 16.8%-29.1%). The univariate analysis showed that increased age, increased working years, increased visual display terminal(VDT)application time, longer written working hours, reduced sleep hours, less alcohol consumption, and high scores of depression, anxiety and stress were all factors affecting DED(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). Using depression scores as the psychological index, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that years of work, VDT application time, written working hours, sleep time, alcohol consumption and depression score were the influencing factors of DED(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05); Using anxiety scores as the psychological index, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that years of work, VDT application time, written working hours and stress scores were the influencing factors of DED(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05); Using stress scores as the psychological index, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that years of work, VDT application time, written working hours and stress scores were the influencing factors of DED(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). OSDI scores were positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress scores in the DED group(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05)and across all participants(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). In the severe DED group, OSDI scores were positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress scores(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DED is high among the teachers. Alcohol consumption, reduced sleep, longer working years, longer VDT usage and longer written working hours are the influencing factors of DED. In severe DED group, DED is highly correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress. We should pay attention to teachers' DED and related physical and mental health problems, and actively prevent and make early diagnosis and treatment.

Herbal Textual Research on Farfarae Flos in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient and modern literature， the herbal textual research of Farfarae Flos has been conducted to verify the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods， so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas containing Farfarae Flos. According to the research， the results showed that Farfarae Flos was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Kuandonghua in Shennong Bencaojing（《神农本草经》）， and the name was used and justified by later generations. The main origin was the folwer buds of Tussilago farfara， in addition， the flower buds of Petasites japonicus were used as medicine in ancient times. The ancient harvesting time of Farfarae Flos was mostly in the twelfth month of the lunar calendar， and the modern harvesting time is in December or before the ground freeze when the flower buds have not been excavated. Hebei， Gansu， Shaanxi are the authentic producing areas with the good quality products. Since modern times， its quality is summarized as big， fat， purple-red color， no pedicel is better. Processing method from soaking with licorice water in the Northern and Southern dynasties to stir-frying with honey water followed by micro-fire in the Ming dynasty， and gradually evolved to the modern mainstream processing method of honey processing. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the dried flower buds of T. farfara， a Compositae plant， should be selected for the development of famous classical formulas containing Farfarae Flos， and the corresponding processed products should be selected according to the specific processing requirements of the formulas， and raw products are recommended for medicinal use without indicating processing requirements.

Swyer syndrome with gonadal non-dysgerminoma malignant germ cell tumors: a report of 15 cases in a national medical center / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, treatment, and survival outcomes of Swyer syndrome with gonadal non-dysgerminoma malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT-NDG). Methods: A retrospective study was performed on Swyer syndrome patients with MGCT-NDG between January 2011 and December 2022 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital to investigate their characteristics and outcomes. Results: A total of 15 patients (4.9%, 15/307) with Swyer syndrome were identified in 307 MGCT-NDG patients. The average age at diagnosis of MGCT-NDG and Swyer syndrome were (16.8±6.7) and (16.7±6.6) years, respectively. Six cases were preoperatively diagnosed as Swyer syndrome, of which 4 cases received bilateral gonadectomy with or without hysterectomy, while the other 2 cases underwent removal of gonadal tumor and unilateral gonadectomy with hysterectomy, respectively. Of the 9 patients postoperatively diagnosed as Swyer syndrome, unilateral gonadectomy, removal of gonadal tumor, and unilateral gonadectomy with hysterectomy were performed in 6 patients, 2 patients, and 1 patient, respectively. Mixed malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT;10 cases), yolk sac tumor (4 cases), and immature teratoma (1 case) were the pathological subtypes, in the descending order. There were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ in 6 cases, stage Ⅱ in 3 cases, stage Ⅲ in 5 cases, and stage Ⅳ in 1 case, respectively. Eleven patients received reoperation for residual gonadectomy after a average delay of (7.9±6.2) months, including 8 MGCT-NDG patients and 1 gonadoblastoma patient, no tumor involved was seen in the remaining gonads in the other 2 cases. Ten patients experienced at least one recurrence, with a median event free survival of 9 months (5, 30 months), of which 2 patients received surgery only at the time of initial treatment. All patients with recurrence received surgery and combined with postoperative chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 25 months (15, 42 months), 10 patients were disease-free, 3 patients died of the tumor, 1 died of side effects of leukemia chemotherapy, and 1 survived with disease. Conclusion: The incidence rate of Swyer syndrome in patients with MGCT-NDG is about 4.9%; timely diagnosis and bilateral gonadectomy should be emphasized to reduce the risk of reoperation and second carcinogenesis in this population.

Theta Oscillations Support Prefrontal-hippocampal Interactions in Sequential Working Memory / 神经科学通报·英文版

The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may support sequential working memory beyond episodic memory and spatial navigation. This stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) study investigated how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) interacts with the hippocampus in the online processing of sequential information. Twenty patients with epilepsy (eight women, age 27.6 ± 8.2 years) completed a line ordering task with SEEG recordings over the DLPFC and the hippocampus. Participants showed longer thinking times and more recall errors when asked to arrange random lines clockwise (random trials) than to maintain ordered lines (ordered trials) before recalling the orientation of a particular line. First, the ordering-related increase in thinking time and recall error was associated with a transient theta power increase in the hippocampus and a sustained theta power increase in the DLPFC (3-10 Hz). In particular, the hippocampal theta power increase correlated with the memory precision of line orientation. Second, theta phase coherences between the DLPFC and hippocampus were enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. Third, the theta band DLPFC → hippocampus influence was selectively enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. This study suggests that theta oscillations may support DLPFC-hippocampal interactions in the online processing of sequential information.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shielding Gas Behaviors in Laser Welding of TC4 Alloy.

Gas protection is a crucial part of quality control in laser welding, especially for titanium alloy, which oxidizes easily at high temperatures. Substantial experiments concerning shielding gas characteristics in the welding process have been implemented. However, the common analysis conducted is simplistic and lacks a theoretical basis. This paper presented an investigation of the shielding gas behaviors based on numerical simulation and a titanium alloy laser welding experiment. The numerical model was established and validated by experiment. Subsequently, the temperature field and gas flow fields were calculated. By combining the two fields, the threshold temperature of gas protection was determined, and the influence of shielding gas parameters on the protection effect was examined. The results revealed that the protection of the high-temperature zone was primarily influenced by the nozzle height, nozzle inner diameter, and nozzle angle, while the plasma suppression effect was mainly correlated with the nozzle inner diameter and gas flow rate. These initial findings provide scientific guidance for the better quality production of laser beam welded components made of not only titanium alloy but also other metallic materials.

Starch nanoparticles as a new ice crystal nucleator in Lactobacillus bulgaricus CICC 6097 cryoprotection.

This work aimed at studying the cryoprotective effect of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) as ice nucleators on Lactobacillus bulgaricus CICC 6097 and exploring the protective mechanism. SNPs with a diameter of 363 nm were obtained, which possessed special properties to enhance ice nucleation and blunt ice crystals edges, and can be wrapped around the surface of bacteria form a protective barrier, thus maintaining the integrity of cell membranes and improving the survivability of L. bulgaricus CICC 6097 from 36.09% to 75.56%. However, SNCs solution formed ice crystals with obvious spikes during freezing, which was harmful to bacteria survival. Therefore, SNPs addition is a possible strategy for increasing viable cell counts during freezing. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the cryoprotective effect of ice nucleator on lactic acid bacteria.

Computed tomography findings in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes at an infectious disease hospital in China: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analysing the clinical features and computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with active pulmonary TB and comorbid T2DM (TB-DM) in the LiangShan Yi regions. METHODS: We collected data from 154 hospitalised patients with TB-DM initially confirmed at an infectious disease hospital in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture between 1 and 2019, and 31 December 2021. These were matched by sex and age ± 3 years to 145 hospitalised patients with initially confirmed pulmonary TB without comorbid T2DM (TB-NDM) over the same period. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analysed separately. Three group-blinded radiologists independently analysed the CT findings and classified them into mild-to-moderate and severe groups. Severe chest CT lesion refers to a lesion that is less diffused or moderately dense and either exceeds the total volume of one lung, a high-density fused lesion greater than one-third of the volume of one lung, or a cavitary lesion with a maximum diameter ≥ 4 cm. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the presentation of clinical features. Regarding the severity of chest CT manifestation, patients with TB-DM had significantly more severe TB than those with TB-NDM (89.61% vs. 68.97%, P < 0.0001). Regarding CT findings, patients with TB-DM had higher proportions of consolidation (79.22% vs. 52.41%, P < 0.0001), cavitary lesions (85.06% vs. 59.31%, P < 0.0001), bronchiectasis (71.43% vs. 31.03%, P < 0.0001), exudative lesions (88.96% vs. 68.28%, P < 0.0001), and fibrous lesions (93.51% vs. 68.97%, P < 0.0001) than patients with TB-NDM. In conclusion, patients with TB-DM have more severe pulmonary TB CT findings than those without. There were no significant differences in the distribution of lesions in the lung lobes between TB-DM and TB-NDM patients. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients hospitalised with pulmonary TB, those with T2DM had more severe findings on chest CT than those without T2DM. However, the clinical presentation was not significantly different.

Matrix stiffness induces an invasive-dormant subpopulation via cGAS-STING axis in oral cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Dormancy is a crucial machinery for cancer cells to survive hostile microenvironment. It is considered as the major cause of post-treatment relapse and metastases. However, its regulatory mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here we sought to decipher the impacts of matrix stiffness on OSCC-cell dormancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological relevance of matrix stiffness in OSCC was analyzed in a 127 patients' cohort. Impacts of stiffness-related mechanical stress (MS) on OSCC-cell behaviors were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic profiling of MS induced dormant cells were performed, following by mechanistic investigations on MS-induced dormancy. The functional relevance of cGAS in OSCC were analyzed through a bioinformatic approach. RESULTS: Stiffened matrix correlated with poor survival and post-surgical recurrence in OSCC. Stiffness-related MS induces a dormant subpopulation in OSCC cells, which showed increased drug resistance, enhanced tumor repopulating ability, and an unexpected upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasiveness. Mechanistically, MS caused DNA damage, resulted in activation of cGAS-STING signaling. Either blocking of cGAS or STING dramatically impeded the MS-induced production of this invasive-dormant subpopulation. Moreover, cGAS was found being central to the cell-cycle regulation and correlated with poor prognosis in OSCC. DISCUSSION: We revealed a previously unsuspected role of cGAS-STING axis in mediating the induction of an invasive-dormant subpopulation in response to mechanical cues. Our findings indicated an adaptive machinery whereby tumor cells survive and escape from harsh microenvironment. Targeting this machinery may be a potential strategy for preventing post-therapeutic recurrence and lymphatic metastasis in OSCC.

Remote Sensing Image Characteristics and Typical Area Analysis of Taiyuan Xishan Ecological Restoration Area.

The Taiyuan Xishan Ecological Restoration Zone is located in the west of Taiyuan City and belongs to the Xishan Coalfield. Due to the resource development activity of coal mining, which is caused by coal gangue accumulation, surface vegetation degradation, bare surfaces, and other phenomena, it is most common in this area. These have an impact on the surface ecology; however, after ecological restoration, the surface ecology has been greatly improved. There are many extraction models of vegetation coverage based on pixel dichotomology combined with multispectral vegetation index, but we believe that the combination of visible light vegetation index to construct models is relatively unexplored. The main problem of how to use the RGB image data in order to quickly and accurately extract vegetation coverage information is still under investigation and needs researchers' attention. In this paper, through selecting the vegetation coverage as the evaluation index of ecological restoration effect, a new RGB vegetation coverage CIVE calculation model is innovatively proposed to solve the above problem, and on the basis of this model, the vegetation cover change analysis is carried out in the Xishan ecological restoration area of Taiyuan. According to the analysis of vegetation coverage change, relevant paper data, and the characteristics of multiple historical remote sensing images, the ecological restoration area of Taiyuan Xishan is divided into six typical areas. Through empirical evaluation, we summarize and analyze these six typical areas, which can provide typical demonstration roles for other ecological restoration areas. Our findings suggest that the proposed CIVE model realizes the extraction of vegetation cover information and long-term series dynamic monitoring of vegetation coverage.

Fexaramine improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by stimulating intestinal FXR / 药学学报

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become one of the chronic diseases that endanger health around the world. There is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been a popular target for NAFLD research in recent years. Fexaramine (Fex) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR, and its mechanism of action to improve NAFLD is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a mouse model of NAFLD was constructed using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and treated with Fex orally for 6 weeks. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of Fex on disorders of glucolipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, and preliminarily explored its potential mechanism of action. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: PZSHUTCM210913011). In this study, it was found that 100 mg·kg-1 Fex significantly inhibited body weight gain, alleviated insulin resistance, improved liver injury and lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice. The effect of Fex on the expression of hepatic intestinal FXR and its target genes in NAFLD mice was further examined. Analysis of serum and hepatic bile acid profiles and expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. It was found that Fex could stimulate intestinal FXR, promote fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) secretion, inhibit the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis in liver, regulate bile acid synthesis by negative feedback, and improve the disorder of bile acid metabolism. At the same time, Fex reduces liver lipid synthesis and absorption, increases fatty acid oxidation, thus improving liver lipid metabolism. This study shows that Fex can improve NAFLD by activating intestinal FXR-FGF15 signal pathway and regulating liver lipid metabolism.

Advances on toxicity and metabolism of alkaloids from the "toxic" traditional Chinese medicines / 药学学报

The "toxicity" and safety of traditional Chinese medicines have been seriously concerned. Alkaloids are the main pharmacodynamic components of many kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, which show strong biological activity at low concentration. It will also cause toxic side effects but if used improperly. Some alkaloids are both active and toxic, and the safety of related traditional Chinese medicines is particularly noteworthy. The efficacy or toxicity of alkaloids may be the result of the combined action of parent compounds and metabolites, which is not only related to the structural types of compounds, but also has obvious species differences between humans and animals. This review focused on the alkaloids contained in the "toxic" traditional Chinese medicines that are officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the metabolism patterns of alkaloids with different structures as well as the enzymes involved were summarized and discussed by referencing the publications in recent two decades. The present study will be beneficial to the rational use of these traditional Chinese medicines in clinic.

Characteristic identification of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma based on HPTLC-ESI-MS / 药学学报

Sophorae Flavescentis Radix is the dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait. and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. The two drugs are both from the same genus Sophora, having similar and different compositions and efficacies, however, their differences are not fully demonstrated in current standard. In this study, the high-performance thin-layer chromatography with multi-dimensional and multi-level features combined with electric spray mass spectrometry (HPTLC-ESI-MS) was used to discover and identify the characteristic zones in extracts of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, after optimizing the preparation method of the test solution and chromatographic parameters. As a result, 17 main characteristic zones were found on HPTLC chromatograms of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, among them, besides 3 known chemicals, another 12 unknown components were identified by HPTLC-ESI-MS, they are 1 alkaloid and 11 flavonoids. The identification results were verified by the reference standards partially and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra after guided-isolation. Finally, a unified HPTLC specific identification method with different markers was established to identify Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma simultaneously. Thanks to abundant chemical information provided when using diverse polarity mobile phases and derivatization reagents, the HPTLC technology offers a convenient strategy for discovery, quality evaluation, and identification of target chemicals when connecting with mass spectrometry.

Comparison of Effect of Different Microbial Agents on Quality of Lycii Fructus Based on Multiple Index Components / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo reveal the effects of different microbial agents on quality of Lycii Fructus by comparing the differences in the contents of multiple types of chemical components in Lycii Fructus after the application of different microbial agents. MethodTaking Ningqi No. 7 as experimental material， four microbial agents， namely Peiyuan combined with Xinterui（TP group）， Trichoderma harzianum combined with Bacillus subtilis（BW group）， Genwuyou（MT group） and Junyiduo（JYD group）， were applied， and no microbial agents was used as the blank group（CK group）. Then the contents of total phenolics， total flavonoids， saccharides， amino acids， nucleosides and bases， betaine and other components in Lycii Fructus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry（UV）， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UHPLC-MS/MS）， and the methods such as multiple comparisons， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were used to analyze the effect of different microbial agents on the quality of Lycii Fructus. ResultMicrobial agents had different effects on chemical components of Lycii Fructus. The content of total phenolics was the highest in the TP group， and it varied significantly from the CK group（P<0.05）. The total flavonoid content was the highest in the BW group， followed by the TP group. Both polysaccharide and alduronic acid contents were the highest in the JYD group. Betaine content in the TP and BW groups were significantly higher than that in the CK group（P<0.05）. For the determined 23 kinds of amino acids， most of them were the lowest in the JYD group， and the highest in the MT group， while the nucleoside bases were higher in the MT and BW groups. It indicated that Lycii Fructus from different treatment groups could be distinguished clearly based on the determined 45 chemical components. The result of PLS-DA showed that the major differential components in each group were polysaccharides， glucose， fructose， betaine， alduronic acid， asparagine， sucrose， threonine， total flavonoids， alanine and total phenolics. The results of PCA composite scores based on the main differential components showed that composite scores of chemical components in each group were BW group>TP group>MT group>CK group>JYD group. ConclusionThe application of microbial agents of BW， TP and MT can promote the quality improvement of Lycii Fructus， and the application of JYD can promote the accumulation of polysaccharides and alduronic acid to a certain extent， but the overall effect on the quality of Lycii Fructus is not clear. This study lays the foundation for the green and healthy development of Lycii Fructus industry.

Progress in research methods or strategies of compatibility mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions / 中国药房

Compound formulas of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM）， also known as prescription in clinic， refers to a form of medication in which several TCMs are selectively combined according to the certain compatibility principles and the needs of patient’s condition， based on syndrome differentiation and treatment. At present， the methods and strategies for investigating the compatibility mechanisms of TCM prescriptions mainly focus on the following two aspects: analysis of pharmacological substances （including chemical composition analysis of TCM， ingredients of TCM analysis in blood， and pharmacokinetic analysis） and pharmacological signaling pathways analysis （involving network pharmacology analysis， signal pathway indicator detection， and metabolomics analysis）. In future research， the compatibility relationships of TCM prescriptions should be explored according to the principles of “Qiqing Hehe”，“ Shengjiang Fuchen”，“ Junchen Zuoshi”， and “Siqi Wuwei”. The regularity of TCM prescriptions compatibility should be shown in the change regularity of chemical components， pharmacokinetics， pharmacological pathways， and chemical compositions of various ratios of TCMs. Based on the insurance of holistic efficacy of TCM prescriptions， the underlying mechanisms of compatibility should be uncovered， which will provide references for the optimization of clinical applications of prescriptions and new directions for the creation of innovative TCM prescriptions.

Perianal Paget 's disease complicated with lung adenocarcinoma and anal canal carcinoma: A case report and literature review / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is a rare malignant cutaneous tumor. This paper reported a case of PPD complicated by lung adenocarcinoma and anal canal cancer. The patient, a 76-year-old female, had been experiencing recurrent lower abdominal pain and perianal pruritus for the past 5 years. Upon physical examination, a cauliflower-like neoplasm in size of 5 cm×6 cm was observed on the right perianal skin, with local skin ulceration and a small amount of fluid discharge. The left perianal skin was also involved. In thoracoknee position, a hard mass was palpable in the rectal submucosa at 5-6 points 2 cm from the anal verge. Chest CT revealed multiple lesions in both lungs, indication of metastatic tumors. Further evaluation with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) indicated multiple hypermetabolic nodules in the lungs, hypermetabolic lymph nodes throughout the body, early FDG uptake in a small patch of skin on the left hip, and increased FDG uptake in the anorectal region. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. This resulted in the patient being diagnosed with PPD, lung adenocarcinoma, anal canal cancer, and systemic multiple lymph node metastasis. The combination of PPD with gastrointestinal tumors and other metachronous malignant tumors is highly prevalent. Colonoscopy, FDG-PET/CT, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry play crucial roles in early identification of local lymph node and distant involvement, facilitating the evaluation of potential malignant tumors and differential diagnosis. Treating methods for PPD are currently diverse, including postoperative combined or single chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and photodynamic therapy. As trerapeutical options continue to develop, the extent and efficacy of surgery need to be reassessed.