"The Fight is Two Times as Hard": A Qualitative Examination of a Violence Syndemic Among Young Black Sexual Minority Men.

Young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are disproportionately impacted by violence, including violence rooted in anti-Black racism, sexual identity bullying, and neighborhood violence rooted in structural racism and inequities. These multiple forms of violence are frequently co-occurring and interactive creating syndemic conditions that can negatively impact HIV care. This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews with 31 YBMSM, aged 16-30 years, living with HIV in Chicago, IL, to examine how violence has impacted their lives. Using thematic analysis, we identified five themes that reflect how YBMSM experience violence at the intersection of racism, homonegativity, socioeconomic status, and HIV status: (a) the experience of intersectional violence; (b) long histories of violence contributed to hypervigilance, lack of safety, and lack of trust; (c) making meaning of violence and the importance of strength; (d) normalizing violence for survival; and (e) the cyclical nature of violence. Our study highlights how multiple forms of violence can accumulate across an individual's life and contribute to social and contextual situations that further contribute to violence and negatively impact mental health and HIV care.

COVID-19, Retention in HIV Care, and Access to Ancillary Services for Young Black Men Living with HIV in Chicago.

This study conducted 28 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Young Black Men who have Sex with Men in Chicago to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on their HIV care and ancillary service access. The qualitative analysis identified both negative and positive effects. The negative effects included: (l) mixed disruptions in linkage to and receipt of HIV care and ancillary services, and (2) heightened concerns about police and racial tensions in Chicago following the murder of George Floyd, contributing to possible disruption of retention in care. The positive effects included: (1) the ability to reflect and socially connect, contributing to heightened self-care and retention in care, and (2) some improvements in receipt of medical care. These findings suggest that while COVID-19 disruptions in care reduced in-person use of HIV care, the expansion of telemedicine allowed more administrative tasks to be handled online and focused in-person interactions on more substantive interactions.

Aprendizajes transformadores: experiencias de jóvenes en un circo social de Buenos Aires / Transformative learning. Experiences of young people in a social circus of Buenos Aires / Aprendizagens transformadoras. Experiências de jovens num circo social de Buenos Aires

Resumen (analítico) La relación entre arte, jóvenes e inclusión social es estudiada al indagar las vinculaciones entre el aprendizaje de técnicas circenses de jóvenes que asisten a un circo social situado en barrios vulnerables de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y los objetivos de inclusión y transformación que estos circos proponen. Se emplea una estrategia cualitativa: relatos biográficos y observaciones participantes, siguiendo los lineamientos de la perspectiva constructivista de la teoría fundamentada. En los resultados se advierte que el circo social genera experiencias de aprendizaje transformadoras producidas desde la articulación entre formas de construir lugares de entrenamiento y de circular por estos, vínculos de reconocimiento basados en la confianza y en el respeto, respecto de otros y de sí mismos/as, así como de integración con objetos que vislumbran los cuerpos/emociones y sus capacidades.

Abstract (analytical) The connection among art, young people, and social inclusion is studied by investigating the links between the learning of circus techniques of young people who attend a social circus located in vulnerable neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and the objectives of inclusion and transformation that these circuses propose. With a qualitative strategy -biographical accounts and participant observations and following the guidelines of the constructivist perspective of grounded theory- the results show that the social circus generates transformative learning experiences produced by the articulation between: ways of building and circulating through training places; recognition links that enable based on trust and respect, with respect to others and to themselves; and integration with objects that envision the bodies/emotions and their capabilities.

Resumo (analítico) A relação entre arte, jovens e inclusão social é estudada pesquisando as ligações entre a aprendizagem de técnicas circenses dos jovens que frequentam um circo social localizado em bairros vulneráveis de Buenos Aires (Argentina) e os objetivos de inclusão e transformação que estes circos propõem. Com uma estratégia qualitativa -relatos biográficos e observações participantes e seguindo as orientações da perspectiva construtivista da teoria fundamentada -os resultados mostram que o circo social gera experiências de aprendizagem transformadoras produzidas a partir da articulação entre: formas de construção e circulação através dos locais de formação; relações de reconhecimento baseadas na confiança e respeito, com respeito pelos outros e por si próprios; e a integração com objetos que vislumbram os corpos/emoções e as suas capacidades.

Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina.

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. is a xylem-borne bacterium that causes some of the most important plant diseases to woody plants such as citrus, olives, almonds and other cultures. This pathogen is mainly transmitted by sharpshooters, among which the tribe Cicadellini (Cicadellinae) includes the largest number of proven vectors. The correct identification of the vectors, along with biological and phenological information, are necessary to identify the key vectors involved in the spread of the bacterium and, consequently, establish control strategies and evaluate risks at a local or regional scale. However, lack of information on the Cicadellini from Argentina has delayed the implementation of control measures. Based on surveys conducted in the main citrus producing areas along with bibliographic data, this contribution provides the first list of Cicadellini species from Argentina that are potential vectors of X. fastidiosa; an identification key to these sharpshooters is provided. Twelve species were recorded from northeastern citrus groves, while from northwestern orchards, with previous information totally absent, 10 species were recorded. Eight species are shared by all producing regions, and five of them are proven vectors of X. fastidiosa (Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus costalimai Young, Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål), M. leucomelas (Walker), Sonesimia grossa (Signoret)). This contribution provides 22 new insect-plant relationships, information on their natural enemies, the geographic distribution of all species is broadened and the female genitalia of three proven vectors are described for the first time.

Vulnerabilidades, movilidades y corporalidades en jóvenes que realizan prácticas artísticas y deportivas en barrios populares de Buenos Aires / Vulnerabilities, mobilities and corporalities in young people who perform practices in arts and sports in popular neighborhood of Buenos Aires City / Vulnerabilidades, mobilidades e corporalidades em jovens que realizam práticas artísticas e esportivas em bairros populares da Cidade de Buenos Aires

Resumen El artículo presenta resultados de la tesis doctoral en la que se analizaron las experiencias de jóvenes de barrios populares que realizan prácticas artísticas y deportivas en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, indagando las vinculaciones entre cuerpos, emociones y movilidades espaciales en sus procesos de individuación. Aquí el análisis se centra en la lectura de las relaciones y tensiones entre las pruebas sociales que enfrentan estos jóvenes, y los soportes para atravesarlas, a partir de la utilización de la categoría de geometría de las vulnerabilidades, surgida de la articulación de las nociones de vulnerabilidad y geometría de los cuerpos. Para la construcción de los datos empíricos realicé entrevistas semi-estructuradas, relatos biográficos y participación-observación en una organización social que ofrece talleres gratuitos en dichos barrios. Este abordaje permitió advertir la dinámica y multidimensionalidad de los procesos de vulnerabilidad - donde las vinculaciones entre cuerpos-emociones-movilidades pusieron de manifiesto formas particulares y novedosas de dichos procesos y de soportes para afrontarlos - que atraviesan las experiencias de jóvenes de barrios populares.

Abstract The paper presents results of a doctoral thesis, which analyzed the experiences of young people from popular neighbourhoods who perform practices in arts and sports in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, investigating the linkages between bodies, emotions and space mobilities in their processes of individuation. The analysis focuses on the reading of the tensions and articulations between the social challenges that these young people face and the supports to pass through them, from the use of the category of geometry of the vulnerabilities, arising from the articulation of the notions of vulnerability and geometry of bodies. For the construction of the empirical data, semi-structured interviews, biographical accounts, and participation-observation were conducted in a social organization that offers free workshops in these areas. This approach made it possible to notice the dynamics and multidimensionality of vulnerability processes - where the linkages among bodies-emotion-mobilities revealed particular and novel forms of these processes and supports to face them - that cross over the experiences of young people from popular neighborhoods.

Resumo O artigo apresenta os resultados de tese de doutorado na qual foram analisadas as experiências de jovens de bairros populares que realizam práticas artísticas e esportivas na Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires, procurando as ligações entre corpos, emoções e mobilidades espaciais em seus processos de individuação. Aqui a análise centra-se na leitura das tensões e articulações entre os testes sociais que enfrentam esses jovens, e os suportes para atravessá-los, a partir da utilização da categoria de geometria das vulnerabilidades, surgida da articulação das noções de vulnerabilidade e geometria dos corpos. Para a construção dos dados empíricos, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, relatos biográficos e participação-observação em uma organização social que oferece cursos gratuitos nesses bairros. Esta abordagem permitiu notar a dinâmica e multidimensionalidade dos processos de vulnerabilidade -, em que as relações entre corpos-emoções-mobilidades manifestaram formas particulares e inovadoras desses processos e dos suportes para lidar com eles - que atravessam as experiências de jovens de bairros populares.

Morphometric alterations of Golgi apparatus in Alzheimer's disease are related to tau hyperphosphorylation.

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a highly dynamic organelle, which is mainly involved in the post-translational processing and targeting of cellular proteins and which undergoes significant morphological changes in response to different physiological and pathological conditions. In the present study, we have analyzed the possible alterations of GA in neurons from the temporal neocortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, using double immunofluorescence techniques, confocal microscopy and 3D quantification techniques. We found that in AD patients, the percentage of temporal neocortical and CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons with a highly altered GA is much higher (approximately 65%) in neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) than in NFT-free neurons (approximately 6%). Quantitative analysis of the surface area and volume of GA elements in neurons revealed that, compared with NFT-free neurons, NFT-bearing neurons had a reduction of approximately one half in neocortical neurons and one third in CA1 neurons. In both regions, neurons with a pre-tangle stage of phospho-tau accumulation had surface area and GA volume values that were intermediate, that is, between those of NFT-free and NFT-bearing neurons. These findings support the idea that the progressive accumulation of phospho-tau is associated with structural alterations of the GA including fragmentation and a decrease in the surface area and volume of GA elements. These alterations likely impact the processing and trafficking of proteins, which might contribute to neuronal dysfunction in AD.

The laminin-induced acrosome reaction in human sperm is mediated by Src kinases and the proteasome.

The aim of this work was to determine whether laminin (Ln), an extracellular matrix protein, induces the intracellular events that may be involved in producing the acrosome reaction in human sperm. To this end, we evaluated the effect of Ln on tyrosine phosphorylation, intracellular calcium concentration, proteasome activity, and phosphorylation in human sperm. Aliquots of highly motile sperm selected with a Percoll gradient, were incubated with different concentrations of Ln (0-20 µg/ml) for different periods (0-18 h). The percentage of viable acrosome-reacted sperm was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Pisum sativum agglutinin and Hoechst 33258 DNA dye. Tyrosine phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome was evaluated with a fluorogenic peptide, and intracellular calcium concentration was measured with fura-2. The results indicate that Ln stimulated the acrosome reaction of human sperm in a dose-dependent manner. This increase was drastically inhibited in the presence of herbimycin A, SU6656, and epoxomicin. In addition, Ln increased proteasome activity and phosphorylation; both events were inhibited by herbimycin A and SU6656. Finally, Ln induced an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, which was inhibited by SU6656 and epoxomicin. These results suggest that Ln is able to induce the acrosome reaction. This effect may be mediated by Src kinase and the proteasome, with the consequent induction of a calcium influx.

Evaluación del sistema de fibra óptica para el monitoreo de la presión cerebral / Assessment of fiber optic system for intracraneal pressure monitoring

Con la aparición de los nuevos sistemas de fibra óptica para la medición de la presión intracerebral se ha producido un aumento en el abanico de indicaciones para el monitoreo de la PIC. Se analizan 15 procedimientos en 14 pacientes seguidos en forma prospectiva a los que se les instaló una fibra óptica intracerebral para el monitoreo de la PIC. Se revisan las indicaciones y características de los pacientes. No se presentaron complicaciones atribuíbles al sistema y se constató una buena calidad en el registro. La única contraindicación de éstos sistemas son las coagulopatías