[Lipid peroxidation in the rat brain under neurotization conditions]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov golovnogo mozga krys v usloviiakh nevrotizatsii.

Neurotization provoked a stable activation of lipid peroxidation in homogenates and synaptosomes of the rat brain cortex. The activation persisted for 8 days after cessation of the neurotization. A single short-term emotional-pain stress produced but a transient increase of the lipid peroxidation level.

A possible function of Schwann cells in neuromuscular transmission in the frog.

The total treatment of the cutaneous pectoris muscle of the frog with rabbit antiserum to galactocerebrosides leads to the slowing of the development of the depression of end-plate currents when the transected preparations are stimulated in normal Ringer's solution at a frequency of 100 imp/sec. Changes are not observed in the quantal composition and the binomial characteristics of neuromuscular transmission when nontransected preparations are stimulated at 1 imp/sec in solutions containing magnesium. The action of the antiserum to galactocerebrosides elicits an increase in the relative number of typical miniature end-plate potentials that are characterized by a prolonged time course. The electron microscopic investigation of the preparations demonstrates the absence of lysis of the schwann cells in the preparations subjected to treatment with antiserum. It is possible that the effects obtained reflect changes in the functional state of the Schwann cells of the synaptic region that arise as the result of the fixation on their membrane of antibodies to galactocerebrosides.

[The differentiation of the pathogenetic variants of nerve trunk lesions]. / Differentsiatsiia patogeneticheskikh variantov porazhenii nervnykh stvolov.

There are two major variants of nerve trunk disease progression: demyelinating and axonal-axial. The authors have developed a significant and rapid diagnostic procedure to differentiate the type of nerve trunk affection based on simultaneous assessment of two parameters (immunological and electroneuromyographic) carrying out correlations between them. The immunological investigation included measurement of the serum autoantibodies to galactocerebrosides titer.

[The possible function of Schwann cells in neuromuscular transmission in the frog]. / O vozmozhnoi funktsii shvannovskikh kletok v nervno-myshechnoi peredache u liagushki.

Anti-galactoside rabbit antisera increased the frequency of slow (atypical) MEPPs. No lysis of the Schwann cells was found in synaptic regions. The data obtained suggest that fixation of antibodies to galactocerebroside on the Schwann cell surface membrane alters the cell's activity thus affecting some characteristics of neuromuscular transmission.

[The production of autoantibodies to nerve tissue glycolipid antigens in patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries]. / Produktsiia autoantitel k glikolipidnym antigenam nervnoi tkani u bol'nykh s travmaticheskimi povrezhdeniiami spinnogo mozga.

The production of autoantibodies (AAB) to the specific antigen of myelin-containing components of the nervous tissue galactocerebroside (GalC) was revealed in 117 patients with traumatic injuries to the spinal cord of various severity in periods of 18 months to 46 years after the injury. The degree of nervous system destruction, the type of the course of posttraumatic myelopathy, and the level of production of AAB to GalC were found interrelated. The existence of AAB provides evidence of sensitization of the immune system to nervous tissue antigens in spinal cord injury, while the level of AAB to GalC reflects the activity of the continuing destructive process due to the injuring effect of AAB under conditions of impaired permeability of the blood-brain barrier and shows the desirability of desensitization therapy.

[The effect of mexidol on the dynamics of the normalization of the neurochemical and behavioral parameters of rats after deprivation of the paradoxical sleep phase]. / Vliianie meksidola na dinamiku normalizatsii neirokhimicheskikh i povedencheskikh parametrov u krys posle lisheniia paradoksal'noi fazy sna.

Using cytophotometric method it was shown that intraperitoneal injection of mexidol in the dose of 50 mg/kg resulted in a significant accumulation of proteins and RNA in cells of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and locus coeruleus (LC) 6 hs following the injection. In rats deprived of paradoxical sleep for 24 hours, the effect of mexidol prevented the decrease in DRN proteins and RNA and even increased them, and prevented their decrease in LC. In the postdeprivation period, the beneficial effect of mexidol manifested itself in the acceleration of normalizing the levels of proteins and RNA in DRN and LC. The antistress effect of mexidol manifested itself also in the acceleration of normalizing the rat memory in the restoration period following the deprivation of paradoxical sleep. The normalization of metabolism and functional activity in serotonergic DRN is suggested to determine to a considerable extent the functional state of cerebral structures participating in the control of memory as well.

[Dalargin-binding proteins of synaptic membranes from the rat brain: isolation and comparison of their properties with opiate receptor properties]. / Dalarginsviazyvaiushchie belki sinapticheskikh membran mozga krys: vydelenie i sravnenie ikh svoistv so svoistvami opiatnykh retseptorov.

The proteins isolated from rat brain synaptic membranes were studied by affinity chromatography on dalargin-omega-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B and specific elution with DAGO (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Gly-ol). These proteins were shown to bind specifically 3H-naloxone (Kd = 6.6 nM; Bmax = 690 pmol/mg of protein). SDS electrophoresis of the dalargin-binding proteins termed as DBPDAGO revealed one major protein band with M(r) of 42 kDa and two minor bands with M(r) of 29 and 67 kDa. The glycoprotein component was found in DBPDAGO; their isoelectric properties were established (pI 5.4). The close similarity of DBP properties with those of isolated brain opiate receptors suggest them to be opiate receptor components.

[The dynamics of the normalization of the behavioral and neurochemical disorders evoked in rats by deprivation of the paradoxical sleep phase]. / Dinamika normalizatsii nekotorykh povedencheskikh i neirokhimicheskikh narushenii, vyzvannykh u krys deprivatsiei paradoksal'noi fazy sna.

The 24-hr deprivation of paradoxical sleep interferes with the passive avoidance response in rats and decreases the absolute amount of proteins in neurons and gliocytes of the raphe nucleus' dorsal portion while increasing the amount of proteins and nucleic acids in the locus coeruleus' cells. The protein metabolism in serotoninergic cells of the raphe nucleus seems to be involved in the processes of memory and behaviour.

[The Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in the brain structures of neuroticized rats differing by the threshold of nervous system excitability]. / Aktivnost' Na+,K(+)-ATFazy v strukturakh golovnogo mozga nevrotizirovannykh krys, razlichaiushchikhsia po porogu vozbudimosti nervnoi sistemy.

A 2-week neurotization of two rat lines formed a long-term stress and increased neuronal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in hippocampus, locus coeruleus and n. raphe dorsalis, whereas the glial enzyme activity was decreased in hippocampus and N. raphe dorsalis. (Line H). In rats with low threshold of excitability (line L), the decrease of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity occurred in n. raphe dorsalis and hippocampus. After a 15-day rest, the activity decreased in all the structures of the line rats, whereas in the line L rats the activity was still increased in hippocampal neurons. Differences between the rat lines and dependence of the enzyme activity on the functional state of the nervous system, are discussed.

[The differential sensitivity to a neurotigenic exposure of rat strains differing by the threshold of nervous system excitability]. / Differentsial'naia chuvstvitel'nost' k nevrotiziruiushchemu vozdeistvuiu linii krys, razlichaiushchikhsia po porogu vozbudimosti nervnoi sistemy.

The influence was studied of 15-days stressing on the appearance of stable neurosis-like state of rats lines, selected by the excitability of the nervous system. Unconditioned and conditioned components of behaviour were tested: pain sensitivity, behaviour in the open field, level of "anxiety", passive and active defensive avoidance. Differential reactivity was shown of the rats lines to prolonged stressing, depending on the genetically determined level of the nervous system functional state. Interlinear differences in dynamics of the development of neurosis-like state were established.

[Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on the activity of opiate receptors isolated from synaptic membranes of the rat brain]. / Vliianie lisheniia paradoksal'noi fazy sna na aktivnost' opiatnykh retseptorov, izolirovannykh iz sinapticheskikh membran mozga krys.

The specific binding of 3H-naloxone with opiate receptors isolated from brain synaptic membranes of control and paradoxical sleep deprived rats were studied. This extreme state was shown to reduce the naloxone-binding activity of synaptic membranes by 35% and isolated receptors by 25-28%. The values of Kd and Bmax were calculated for isolated opiate receptors at different stages of purification. Considerable decrease of 3H-naloxone binding sites density (2 times) in the isolated opiate receptors with simultaneous increase of their affinity (3-4,5 times) was found following 24 hours paradoxical sleep deprivation. These findings suggest development of fixed alterations in the structure and functions of integral receptor proteins under extreme influences.

[Autoantibodies to glycolipid antigens of oligodendroglia in acute and chronic disorders of spinal circulation]. / Autoantitela k glikolipidnym antitelam oligodendroglii pri ostrykh i khronicheskikh narusheniiakh spinal'nogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Measurements were made of the titers of autoantibodies to antigenic markers of oligodendrocytes and myelin galactocerebrosides in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 29 patients with ischemic cerebrospinal insult and 100 patients with ischemic myelopathy. Acute and chronic disorders of spinal circulation were found to be associated with production of auto-antibodies to galactocerebrosides. The interrelationship was discovered between the fact of auto-antibody production and the degree of the recovery of deranged function (in poor recovery, auto-antibodies were preserved in the blood serum up to 3 years in diagnostically significant titers). A correlation was demonstrated between the rate of ischemic myelopathy progress and the fact of demonstration of autoantibodies to galactocerebrosides in the blood serum. The data obtained can be used in judging the character of the disease and planning the rehabilitation measures.

Cytophotometric study of ATPase activity in brain neurons and gliocytes of paradoxical sleep-deprived rats.

Conditions were chosen for optimal demonstration of ATPases in brain slices by a modified method of Wachstein and Meisel, and the reaction was shown to obey the Bouguer-Beer laws, confirming that ATPase activity can be determined quantitatively in single cells by cytophotometry. In rats in a state of relative physiological rest specific activity of both Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg++-ATPase in gliocytes of the hippocampus and dorsal raphe was found to be considerably higher than in neurons. Deprivation of the paradoxical phase of sleep of the rats for 24 h led to a significant increase in Na+, K+-ATPase activity in hippocampal neurons and to a decrease in its activity in gliocytes of the hippocampus and dorsal nucleus raphe. It is suggested that these changes in Na+, K+-ATPase activity may be due to some extent to a change in excitability of neurons and depolarization of the glia when sleep is disturbed.

[Changes in the neurite-glial interrelations under the influence of antiserum against galactocerebrosides (a vital tissue culture study)]. / Izmeneniia neirit-glial'nykh vzaimootnoshenii pri vozdeistvii antisyvorotki k galaktotserebrozidam (prizhiznennoe issledovanie kul'tury tkani).

Two--five-day-old culture of 10-11-day-old chick embryos has been used. Antiserum against galactocerebrosides (anti-GalC) is added to the nutrition medium before cultuvation. In the presence of anti-GalC the growth and gliocyte migration zone decreases, the area index becomes essentially small (3.5 +/- 0.7 in the control, 1.5 +/- 0.5 in the experiment). This is connected with inhibition of migration and proliferation of gliocytes during first 48 h of cultivation, while intensity of neuron regeneration remains unchanged. Alterations of the neurit-glial relations are investigated by means of the vital phase-contrast microscopy. Effect of anti-GalC to peripheral gliocytes is accompanied with a decreasing adhesive ability of their plasmolemma. This makes difficult their flattening on the neurit membrane, formation of contact membranous neurit-glial relations and formation of glial membranes. On the 3d day formation of nervous fasciculi is retarded, as well as their fusion into trunks and plexuses. On the 5th day, unlike the control, a continuous "epineural" covering of neuritic plexuses does not form. Round retractile and defective (with protrusions) forms of gliocytes predominate. These data demonstrate inhibitory effect of anti-GalC on the structural-functional maturation of the glia and on formation of neurit-glial relations in the culture of the sensitive ganglion.

[Effect of antibodies to glial glycolipid antigens on miniature end-plate potentials]. / Vliianie antitel k glikolipidnym antigenam glii na miniatiurnye potentsial'y kontsevoi plastinki.

Less than 4% of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) in frog cutaneous-pectoral muscles, normal or exposed to nonimmune rabbit serum were atypical. These MEPPs were of normal amplitude, but their time course was nearly twice as slow as that of normal MEPPs. The exposure of muscles to rabbit anti-galactocerebroside serum induced more than three-fold increase in the fraction of atypically slow MEPPs. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase caused an appearance of giant MEPPs, the fraction of slow MEPPs being unchanged. Possible mechanisms of increase in fraction of atypical slow MEPPs based on modification of the synaptic Schwann cell functioning are discussed.

[Antibodies to galactocerebrosides of the brain in the blood serum of children with neuroinfections]. / Antitela k galaktotserebrozidam mozga v syvorotke krovi detei s neiroinfektsiiami.

This is the first investigation into the content of autoantibodies to a glycolipid antigen (AG) marker of oligodendroglial and myelin membranes, and to galactocerebrosides, in the blood serum of children with neuroinfections. High titres of these antibodies were shown in most cases of meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis. High titres can persist for a long time. The data suggest that oligodendroglial and myelin structures are involved into the pathology and that autosensitization to nervous tissue is developing.

[ATPase activity in neurons and glial cells of the brain of the rat after REM-sleep deprivation (cytophotometric study)]. / Aktivnost' ATFaz v neironakh i gliotsitakh golovnogo mozga pri lishenii paradoksal'noi fazy sna (tsitofotometricheskoe issledovanie).

Modified Washstein and Meisel's techniques were used for quantitative estimation of ATPases activity in the rat brain. The specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase was higher in glial cells than in the neurons. The 24-hr REM-sleep deprivation resulted in an enhancement of the activity of ATPases in neurons of the hippocampus whereas the activity of the above enzymes lowered in the gliocytes. The findings can be due to the changes in excitability of the neurons and depolarization of glia during the sleep deprivation.