RESUMO
As a possible method for reducing the risk of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) infection, Planova virus removal filters were tested for their ability to remove scrapie agent ME7. Albumin solution was spiked with high-titre ME7 and filtered through three different pore sizes of Planova filters. Infectivity of the pre- and post-filtration samples was assayed in log dilutions by intracerebral inoculation into C57B1/6 mice. Filtration of albumin solution in the absence or presence of a detergent (Sarkosyl) with Planova 35N (35+/-2 nm mean pore size) removed the contaminating scrapie agent with reduction factors of 4.93 log10 and 1.61 log10, respectively. Filtration, both in the absence and presence of detergent with Planova 15N (15+/-2 nm mean pore size), and in the presence of detergent with Planova 10N (9+/-2 nm mean pore size), showed high levels of scrapie reduction of >5.87 log10, >4.21 log10, and >3.80 log10, respectively, with no residual infectively detected in any of the filtrate samples. The effectiveness of Planova 35N filtration for the removal of infectivity of this TSE agent is greatly reduced in the presence of a strong detergent, but Planova filters with 15 nm or smaller pore size membranes can remove such infectivity at high reduction rates.
Assuntos
Filtração/instrumentação , Proteínas PrPSc/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Coronary arteriography revealed significant left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis in a 72-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction. Stenting of the stenotic vessel was performed. Twelve hours after stenting the patient complained of chest pain but emergent coronary arteriography did not show sign of any coronary arterial stenosis. Under suspicion of coronary thrombus formation, indium-111-oxine-labeled platelet scintigraphy was performed 5 days after stenting, and revealed accumulation of indium-111-oxine in the area corresponding to the stent implantation site.
Assuntos
Plaquetas , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Radioisótopos de Índio , Compostos Organometálicos , Oxiquinolina/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Cintilografia , StentsRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) is known to be secreted predominantly from the myocardium. Brain natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations have been shown to be markedly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction; however, plasma BNP response during episodes of myocardial ischemia has not been established. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to examine plasma BNP in patients with transient myocardial ischemia induced by inflation of a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients (26 men and 4 women; mean age 61 years) who underwent PTCA, and another 49 patients (39 men and 10 women; mean age 63 years) who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. Serum BNP concentrations were assayed in all patients. RESULTS: Plasma BNP was increased significantly with a peak concentration of 66.1 +/- 65.2 pg/ml 24 h after PTCA. Coronary angiography did not cause plasma BNP increase (immediately before 30.4 +/- 29.0 pg/ml, 24 h after 33.7 +/- 30.6 pg/ml). No significant differences were present in hemodynamic parameters measured immediately before and 24 h after PTCA. CONCLUSION: Plasma BNP is increased by transient myocardial ischemia induced by PTCA.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Angina Pectoris/sangue , Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/sangue , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
It remains a tragic event that some 10,000 individuals in Japan developed a unique neurologic disease, subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON). Many of the affected patients still suffer serious sequelae, such as dysesthesia and muscle weakness in the lower extremities, and loss or deficits in visual acuity. Neuropathologic studies on SMON patients and experimental reproduction of the disease in animals which had been administered clioquinol helped resolve the etiology of this disease. Common pathologic features seen in SMON patients and in dogs and cats chronically intoxicated with clioquinol were distal dominant axonopathy, mainly in the spinal long tracts and optic tracts. Particular abdominal symptoms present in patients after clioquinol ingestion could also be reproduced experimentally in dogs. SMON research in Japan may be worth reviewing for determining the etiology and preventing similar neurotoxic diseases in the future.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/induzido quimicamente , Clioquinol/toxicidade , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/induzido quimicamente , Doenças da Medula Espinal/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Japão , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/patologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare phenotypic variant of P102L Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS). BACKGROUND: Classic GSS is characterized by an early age at onset, prominent cerebellar signs with a slowly evolving dementia, and a neuropathology including multifocal PrP-positive plaques and variable but usually modest spongiform change. METHODS: Clinical, neuropathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic analysis of three sisters in a Hungarian family was performed. RESULTS: The clinical course of all three sisters was indistinguishable from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Neuropathologic examination revealed spongiform changes, PrP (prion)-positive unicentric "kuru" or multicentric plaques, and abundant beta-A4-positive senile plaques. Molecular genetic analysis of the PRNP gene showed the heterozygous codon P102L mutation of classic GSS, with the methionine encoding allele of a heterozygous codon 129 coupled to the mutant 102 allele. CONCLUSION: The authors report the second recorded example of a sporadic CJD phenotype occurring in association with the P102L GSS genotype, and the first instance in which the phenotype was the rule rather than the exception, or was associated with prominent beta-A4 plaque formation.
Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/genética , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Doença de Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker/genética , Núcleo Familiar , Idoso , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebelar/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebelar/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , FenótipoRESUMO
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSSD) is a hereditary as well as transmissible human prion disease, restricted to families carrying point mutations of the PRPN gene on chromosome 20. To date 7 different causative mutations have been found. In this review the results of molecular biology with regard to the clinical course are discussed. As the findings of the disorder are very variable, the clinical picture and the neuropathology are extensively reported. An attempt has been made to define the disease, and filter out atypical non-GSSD cases. Finally, a comprehensive bibliography and tabulation of cases reported in the Western and Japanese literature are provided.
Assuntos
Doença de Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker/fisiopatologia , Mutação Puntual , Adulto , Idoso , Cromossomos Humanos Par 20 , Feminino , Doença de Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical prognosis between patients with diffuse coronary ectasia and those with localized coronary ectasia. DESIGN: Patients with coronary ectasia were divided into two groups based on the Markis classification (group D: types I-III and group L: type IV), and the clinical manifestations and prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Group D patients (52.1 +/- 4 years) were significantly younger than group L patients (62.5 +/- 7 years). During the study, 4 patients in group D died suddenly. Three of the patients had type I coronary ectasia, and 1 had left main coronary ectasia. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that patients with diffuse coronary ectasia and left main coronary ectasia should be followed carefully.
Assuntos
Vasos Coronários/patologia , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Dilatação Patológica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Proteinase K (PK)-resistant prion protein (PrPres) isoforms were examined in three patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) carrying proline-to-leucine mutation at codon 102 in prion protein gene (PRNP), and in nine patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). PrPres isoform termed 'type A', which showed a more prominent band of highly glycosylated form than both a lower glycosylated band and an unglycosylated band in immunoblotting, was exclusively found in the GSS patients examined. In eight of nine CJD patients, electrophoretic mobilities of three PrPres glycoforms were similar to type A, but the ratio of these glycoforms termed 'type B' was distinct from that of type A. On the other hand, one sporadic CJD case with wild-type PRNP had a different PrPres isoform termed type C, which showed higher molecular shift of each of the PrPres glycoforms. There was no significant relationships among genotypes, clinical features and PrPres isoforms in sporadic CJD cases. Our finding suggests that type A PrPres isoform is specifically found in the patients with GSS carrying codon 102 mutation, and there are at least two different PrPres isoforms in the patients with sporadic CJD.
Assuntos
Amiloide/genética , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/metabolismo , Doença de Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker/metabolismo , Príons/análise , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Códon/genética , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/patologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Doença de Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker/patologia , Gliose/metabolismo , Gliose/patologia , Glicosilação , Humanos , Mutação Puntual , Proteínas Priônicas , Príons/química , Príons/genética , Processamento de Proteína Pós-TraducionalRESUMO
The polymorphism at codon 219 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) was found in the general Japanese population with 6% allele frequency. Herein, we examined 85 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) for the codon 219 polymorphism. The codon 219Glu/Lys heterozygous polymorphism was not found in these CJD cases. In addition, we examined 43 patients with dementia of non-CJD origin, and 4 were found to have the codon 219Glu/Lys heterozygous polymorphism with a similar allele frequency as in the general population. Thus, the codon 219Glu/Lys heterozygous polymorphism might be uniquely excluded from sporadic CJD.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Mutação Puntual , Polimorfismo Genético , Príons/genética , Alanina , Alelos , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/etiologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Humanos , LisinaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine whether initial potentials of the P-wave on a signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAE) during sinus rhythm reflect indices of electrophysiologic measurements in the high lateral right atrium. A total of 67 patients underwent P-wave signal averaging during electrophysiologic testing. The correlation between root mean square voltages for the initial 10 and 20 msec of the P-wave on the SAE and indices of electrophysiologic measurements, sinus node recovery time (SRT) and sinoatrial conduction time (SACT), obtained from programmed stimuli, was evaluated. It was found that the initial potentials of the P-wave on the SAE correlated negatively with SRT and SACT (-0.37 < or = r < or = -0.30). It was concluded that the initial potentials correlated with indices of electrophysiologic measurements, although the statistical significance was weak.
Assuntos
Eletrofisiologia , Átrios do Coração/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Cortical dysplasia is a broad category for an abnormal structure of the cerebrum due to a disorder of the normal developmental process for neocortex. We investigated the cortical dysplastic lesions which were surgically resected from 4 patients with intractable epilepsy. All cases showed a derangement of the cortical laminar structure and dysplastic changes in the neurons. In addition, 3 of them showed large round cells (balloon cells) in the deep cortex and subcortical white matter. Since each lesion showed slightly different features, we further examined the lesions immunohistochemically by using a panel of antibodies against cytoskeletal proteins to recognize and classify the cortical dysplastic lesions. An immunohistochemical study revealed marked abnormalities of the cytoskeletal structures of dysplastic neurons, bizarre glial cells and balloon cells. These cells showed an accumulation of either phosphorylated NF, MAP2 or GFAP in a distinct fashion. Ubiquitin immunoreactivity highlighted the extent of cortical dysplastic lesions. In a young patient, we also found the neuronal cytoplasmic lipofuscin deposition. It is thus considered that these diverse immunohistochemical appearances of cortical dysplasia may thus imply a different pathogenesis and they should therefore be classified based on the extent of histological abnormalities.
Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Citoesqueleto/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Córtex Cerebral/química , Córtex Cerebral/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/análise , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/análise , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/análise , Ubiquitinas/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which patients typically show bilateral acoustic tumors, and they are usually diagnosed histopathologically as schwannomas. The nerve of origin of a schwannoma is often demonstrated on the periphery along the capsule but not penetrating the substance of the tumor. However, there is a possibility that NF2 schwannomas and solitary schwannomas differ from participation in nerve components. METHODS: In this study, the authors noted the relationship between the tumor and the original nerves. To detect whether there were embedded nerves in the tumor, immunohistologic staining using neurofilament and myelin basic protein antibodies was performed on 6 NF2 schwannomas and 17 non-NF2 schwannomas. RESULTS: Four of five NF2 schwannomas had embedded nerves and one of four, which was considered to be the early stage of the tumor occurrence, remarkably embedded original nerves. On the other hand, embedded nerves were not seen in non-NF2 schwannomas. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that the NF2 schwannomas tend have original nerves embedded in the tumor substance, which may be based on the difference of the motility of tumor cells, and the authors believe that it is difficult to remove NF2 schwannomas while preserving the original nerve.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Neurilemoma/patologia , Neurofibromatose 2/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Two major C-terminal variants ending at Val40 and Ala42 constitute the majority of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta), which undergoes postsecretory aggregation and deposition in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. To probe the differential pathobiology of the two Abeta variants, we used an in vivo paradigm in which freshly solubilized Abeta1-40 or Abeta1-42 was injected into rat brains, followed by examination using Congo red birefringence, Abeta immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. In the rat brain, soluble Abeta 1-40 and Abeta1-42 formed aggregates, and the Abeta1-40 but not the Abeta1-42 aggregates showed Congo red birefringence. Electron microscopy revealed that the Abeta1-40 aggregates contained fibrillar structures similar to the amyloid fibrils of AD, whereas the Abeta1-42 aggregates contained nonfibrillar amorphous material. Preincubation of Abeta1-42 solution in vitro led to the formation of birefringent aggregates, and after injection of the preincubated Abeta1-42, the aggregates remained birefringent in the rat brain. Thus, a factor or factors might exist in the rat brain that inhibit the fibrillar assembly of soluble Abeta1-42. To analyze the postsecretory processing of Abeta, we used the same in vivo paradigm and showed that Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 were processed at their N termini to yield variants starting at pyroglutamate, and at their C termini to yield variants ending at Val40 and at Val39. Thus the normal rat brain could produce enzymes that mediate the conversion of Abeta 1-40/1-42 into processed variants similar to those in AD. This experimental paradigm may facilitate efforts to elucidate mechanisms of Abeta deposition evolving into amyloid plaques in AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Placa Amiloide/química , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/análise , Animais , Birrefringência , Córtex Cerebral , Corantes , Vermelho Congo , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Feminino , Hipocampo , Humanos , Injeções , Microscopia Eletrônica , Degeneração Neural , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Placa Amiloide/ultraestrutura , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyAssuntos
Doenças Priônicas/metabolismo , Príons/química , Proteoglicanas/fisiologia , Western Blotting , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/classificação , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/metabolismo , Eletroforese , Glicosilação , Humanos , Kuru/metabolismo , Príons/metabolismo , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
The neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene-encoded protein, named merlin, may function as a molecular linkage connecting cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Merlin is thought to play a crucial role as a tumor suppressor not only in hereditary NF2-related tumors, but also in sporadic tumors such as schwannomas, meningiomas and gliomas. Using a merlin-expression vector system, we raised specific antiserum against merlin. We observed the intracellular distribution of merlin in cultured glioma cells, and further investigated merlin expression in 116 human brain tumors. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that merlin was localized beneath the cell membrane and concentrated at cell-to-cell adhesion sites, where actin filaments are densely associated with plasma membrane. By immunohistochemistry, none of the schwannomas from either NF2 patients or sporadic cases showed any immunoreactivity, while normal Schwann cells of cranial nerves were immunopositive. In meningiomas, merlin expression was frequently seen in the meningothelial subtype (8/10, 80%), but no expression could be detected in either the fibrous or the transitional variant. Most normal astrocytes were negative; however, reactive astrocytes often expressed merlin. Glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas were found to be strongly positive, and focal positive staining was observed in fibrillary and pilocytic astrocytomas. Thus, the loss of merlin appears to be integral to schwannoma formation and the differential pathogenesis of meningioma subtypes. However, merlin alterations do not appear to play a critical role in either the tumorigenesis or malignant transformation of neoplastic astrocytes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neurilemoma/metabolismo , Neurocitoma/metabolismo , Neurofibromina 2 , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The surgical treatment of aneurysms located in the carotid cave is often hazardous and difficult. We studied the micro-anatomy of the carotid cave and its neighbourhood by microscopic observation and histological examination using 50 sides from 25 autopsy cases. The carotid caves were found in 34 out of the 50 sides (68%) examined and were usually located in the posteromedial aspect of the carotid dural ring. They were classified into three types according to the topographic micro-anatomy: the slit-type (17/50, 34%) which showed a small, thin recess of the dura mater with fine connective tissue loosely adhered to the carotid wall; the pocket-type (12/50, 24%) which had a definite dural pouch with the apex attached to the vessel wall; and the mesh-type (5/50, 10%) which formed a slit- or pocket-type dural cave covered with a mesh-like dural roof. The remaining 16 sides (32%) showed tight dural attachment without any caval structure around the dural ring. The posteromedial portion of the carotid dural ring had no contact with any bony structure, and this distinct anatomical feature thus appear to facilitate the formation of the carotid cave. Furthermore, the availability of this potential space and the closely situated origin of the superior hypophyseal artery as well as the haemodynamic effect of the internal carotid artery may allow the development of the carotid cave aneurysm.
Assuntos
Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A 36-year-old Japanese male, who 7 years previously had been diagnosed as having an ependymoma in the left parietal region, had received surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. He later developed a rapid growth of multiple skin lesions on his back and extremities, which coincided with a regrowth of the tumor. Postmortem examination revealed that the ependymoma showed anaplastic transformation and necrosis; however, no malignancy was observed in the extracranial organs. The skin lesions were histologically diagnosed as seborrheic keratoses. We have, therefore, diagnosed the patient as having Leser-Trélat sign associated with anaplastic ependymoma.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Ependimoma/patologia , Ceratose Seborreica/patologia , Adulto , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
A case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is reported in a 48-year-old woman who had received a cadaveric dural graft after a clipping procedure of a cerebral artery aneurysm in September 1985. In November 1994, she noticed unsteady gait and blurred vision at first. She successively developed ataxic gait, dementia and myoclonus, and became mute. Serial CT scans revealed no abnormal findings, and serial EEGs showed diffuse slow activity without periodic discharge. The patient died in March 1996, 17 months after the initial symptoms. A brain autopsy demonstrated extensive spongiform degeneration in the cerebral neocortex, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum especially in the granular layer, with associated astrocytosis and marked neuronal loss. Immunohistochemically, PrP plaques, so called kuru-type plaques, were extensively distributed throughout the cerebrum and cerebellum. Moreover, some of these plaques resembled "florid" plaques, which were surrounded by a zone of spongiform change. The PrP gene analysis of her blood and brain tissue revealed no mutations with homozygosity, Met/Met, at codon 129. The unusual features of this case, that is the absence of PSD on EEG and the widespread presence of kuru-type plaques including "florid" plaques, may be similar to the features of "new variant" CJD.