Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Psychiatric In- and Outpatients Diagnosed with Different Disorders in Indore, Central India.

AIM: To assess oral health-related quality of life among psychiatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 400 inpatients and outpatients reporting to the Department of Psychiatry was taken as the final sample. Subjects diagnosed with mental illness and on medication for at least 1 year, who were able to respond to the pro forma and oral health impact profile (OHIP) questionnaire, were included. A guided, self-administered structured questionnaire was designed to include sociodemographic characteristics and short form of the OHIP-14 consisting of 14 items covering 7 domains: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. It was used to assess the impact of oral conditions on well-being and quality of life. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS IBM version 20.0. RESULTS: The highest mean OHIP score for the disorders was seen among the patients diagnosed with schizophrenia for functional limitation (2.73 ± 1.194), 2.91 ± 1.111 for psychological discomfort, 2.67 ± 1.203 was recorded for physical disability, 2.79 ± 1.156 was the mean score for psychological disability followed by a score of 2.87 ± 1.172 for social disability. The highest mean score for the handicap domain was recorded for schizophrenia patients (2.73 ± 1.241) whereas for physical pain, a mean score of 3.01 ± 1.261 was recorded for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the study, it can be stated that the psychiatrists should pay attention to the dental anxiety concerns of the patients and encourage them to visit oral health professionals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The study highlights the importance of incorporating dental health education to psychiatric rehabilitation programs.

Evaluation of Microleakage with Total Etch, Self Etch and Universal Adhesive Systems in Class V Restorations: An In vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: Adhesive dentistry is overwhelmingly evolving with respect to the dental surgeon's and patient's perspective. Embracing the concept of minimally invasive dentistry which follows minimum intervention performed to produce good adhesion and tooth coloured restoration, in turn makes the newer generation bonding agents more acceptable and appropriate withstanding the demand for stable restoration. AIM: To study and compare the extent of microleakage between tooth and restoration interface in class V composite resin restorations applying one Total Etch (AdperTM single bond), two Self Etch (AdperTM SE Plus, AdperTM Easy One) and Universal bonding agents using dye penetration method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 freshly orthodontically extracted human maxillary and mandibular premolars were included in the study. Class V cavities were prepared with a cylindrical diamond bur on the facial surface of each tooth, having approximate dimensions of 3 mm × 2.5 mm × 1.5 mm. Teeth were divided into four groups (30 in each group). Group A AdperTM single bond 2 (3M ESPE), Group B AdperTM SE Plus (3M ESPE), Group C AdperTM Easy One (3M ESPE), Group D AdperTM Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) bonding agents were applied as per the manufacturer's instructions and the cavities were then restored with nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric N Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent). Teeth were then thermocycled for 200 cycles at 5°-55°C with 60 seconds of dwell time. Specimens were subjected to a dye leakage test. Microleakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Data was analysed using Kruskal- Wallis, Dunn and Mann-Whitney test to assess the difference in microleakage among various adhesives. RESULTS: The present study revealed that the microleakage was more at the gingival margin when compared with occlusal and this was found to be statistically significant. At the occlusal margin statistical significant difference was found only between AdperTM Easy one and AdperTM SE Plus, on the other hand at gingival margin no statistical significant difference was found. CONCLUSION: One step self etch agents showed less microleakage than total etches and universal adhesive at occlusal margin. Higher degree of microleakage was observed at gingival margin compared to occlusal margin.

A comparative evaluation of the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using different root canal sealers: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with - Tubli-Seal EWT/Gutta-percha, AH Plus/Gutta-percha, Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany point. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-five single rooted premolars were decoronated and root length was 14 mm for each specimen. Fifty five teeth were enlarged up to ISO size 40 master apical file with stainless steel K-files using standardized preparation and remaining ten teeth were served as negative control. Then teeth were randomly assigned into different groups depending on sealer used for obturation as follows: Group 1: Negative control-no instrumentation was performed. Group 2: Positive control-gutta-percha with out the use of any sealer. Group 3: Experimental group-gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal EWT root canal sealer. Group 4: Experimental group-gutta-percha and AH Plus. Group 5: Experimental group-epiphany SE sealer and epiphany points. After 72 hours, the specimens were embedded in autopolymerizing resin leaving 7 mm of each root exposed and were subjected to fracture testing under universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm per minute until the root fractured. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. RESULTS: Showed that Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points showed highest mean fracture resistance and Tubli-Seal EWT group showed the least fracture resistance of all the materials tested. There was no statistically significant difference among experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points demonstrated highest fracture resistance values than the other materials tested and intact tooth had highest resistance against vertical root fracture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points may be one of the materials of choice in the endodontic treatment of teeth.

Comparative evaluation of pain, tenderness and swelling followed by radiographic evaluation of periapical changes at various intervals of time following single and multiple visit endodontic therapy: an in vivo study.

AIM: This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the postoperative sequelae following single-visit versus multiplevisit endodontic therapy at various interval of time in vital as well as nonvital teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two cases were randomly assigned to the following four groups, group I, group II, group III and group IV. After gaining the access to the pulp chamber, establishing the working length , thorough cleaning and shaping was done for all the cases. Obturation was done by protaper (variable taper) gutta-percha and AH-PLUS sealer using lateral and vertical condensation technique. All the cases were recalled after 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks and 6 weeks following obturation and were evaluated for postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference amongst all the four groups in the incidence and severity of postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling at the end of one week. However, within 48 hours groups I, II and IV showed more pain when compared to group III. And groups I, II and III showed more tenderness compared with groups IV. Postoperative swelling was not reported. Radiographic investigation at the end of 6 weeks showed significant change in the appearance of the periapical region in group II and group IV cases. CONCLUSION: On strict adherence to biological principles and proper case selection, no significant difference in the success, postoperative pain and tenderness exist when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit therapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: No significant difference in the success rate or postoperative pain, tenderness, and swelling exists when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit endodontic therapy. Hence, one can readily integrate one-visit endodontic therapy into the routine clinical practice of dentistry.

A comparative study of impression procedures for distal extension removable partial dentures.

AIM: This study was carried out with the purpose of comparing three impression methods as to which of them placed tissues most favorably. METHODS: The methods used were Hindels method, selective tissue placement method and functional reline method. The measurements obtained were analyzed to determine which of the three impression methods placed the mucosal tissues maximally. To compare and measure tissue placements, autopolymerizing acrylic resin platforms were constructed to the height of the occlusal surfaces of the remaining teeth. 15 orthodontic buccal tubes were placed on each side of the platform. They were arranged in three sets of five and attached to the platform over selected reference regions by means of autopolymerizing resin. The selected reference areas were in anterior, middle and posterior areas of the ridge on either side. RESULTS: No significant difference was seen in tissue placement in the anterior middle and posterior regions in each of the three methods when each method was assessed separately. Selective tissue placement method placed the tissues maximally (7.547 mm) followed by Hindels method (7.2110 mm) and the least placement was by functional reline method (5.856 mm). Tissue placement was significantly higher in Hindels method as compared to functional reline method (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Tissue placement was maximum in the posterior region, followed by the middle region and least in the anterior region of the mandibular ridge for all three methods. Selective tissue placement method showed the maximum overall tissue placement followed by the Hindels method and minimum placement was by functional reline method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Selective tissue placement method provided maximum overall tissue placement and can be a preferred technique for impression making for bilateral distal extension removable partial denture fabrication.