Extra virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) intake shows neurobehavioural and intestinal health effects in obesity-induced rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of E-VCO on the neurobehaviour and intestinal health parameters of obesity-induced rats, focusing on food consumption, body composition, bacterial and faecal organic acids and histological analyses in the hippocampus and colon. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomized into healthy (HG, n = 16) and obese groups (OG, n = 16), which consumed a control or cafeteria diet for eight weeks, respectively. After this period, they were subdivided into four groups: healthy (HG, n = 8); healthy treated with E-VCO (HGCO, n = 8); obese (OG, n = 8); obese treated with E-VCO (OGCO, n = 8), continuing for another eight weeks with their respective diets. The treated groups received 3000 mg kg-1 of E-VCO and control groups received water via gavage. Food preference, body weight gain, body composition, anxiety- and depression-like behaviour were evaluated. Bacteria and organic acids were evaluated in faeces, and histological analyses of the hippocampus and M1 and M2 macrophages in the colon were performed. E-VCO reduced energy intake (16.68%) and body weight gain (16%), although it did not reduce the fat mass of obese rats. E-VCO showed an antidepressant effect, increased lactic acid bacteria counts and modulated organic acids in obese rats. Furthermore, E-VCO protected the hippocampus from neuronal degeneration caused by the obesogenic diet, decreased the M1 macrophage and increased the M2 macrophage population in the gut. The results suggest neurobehavioural modulation and improved gut health by E-VCO, with promising effects against obesity-related comorbidities.

Mucuna pruriens treatment shows anti-obesity and intestinal health effects in obese rats.

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effect and intestinal health of obese rats treated with Mucuna pruriens (MP), focusing on food consumption and somatic, biochemical, and histological parameters. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were initially randomized into a healthy group (HG, n = 16) which consumed a control diet and an obese group (OG, n = 16) which consumed a cafeteria diet for eight weeks. They were then subdivided into four groups: healthy (HG, n = 8); healthy treated with MP (HGMP, n = 8); obese (OG, n = 8); obese treated with MP (OGMP, n = 8), with consumption of their respective diets continuing for another eight weeks; the treated groups received 750 mg kg-1 of MP extract via gavage. Food consumption and body weight were monitored weekly. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and feces were collected for bacterial count and quantification of organic acids. The rats were euthanized, their blood was collected for biochemical analysis, organs and adipose tissue for histological analysis and carcasses for body composition. The obsese rats showed a preference for processed meat, stuffed biscuits, popcorn, hot dog sausages, Bologna and ham. The OGMP exhibited lower caloric intake (17%), body weight (14%), fat mass (44%), triglycerides (68%), insulin (58%), leptin (40%), C-reactive protein (75%) and alpha1-glycoprotein acid (62%) and increased HDL (45%) compared to the OG. Moreover, MP reversed changes in liver and adipose tissues induced by obesity and increased counts of lactic acid bacteria and organic acids in feces. The MP treatment demonstrated an anti-obesity effect with improvement in body composition, biochemical profile, and intestinal health of obese rats.

Potentially obesogenic diets alter metabolic and neurobehavioural parameters in Wistar rats: a comparison between two dietary models.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies related to the obesity pandemic have intensified in recent years, being the animal studies are also considered of great relevance. However, despite the fact that many diets have been reported in the literature to induce obesity in animal models, there is still a gap regarding evidence of the efficacy of these models, considering not only changes in somatic parameters, but also the triggering of comorbidities associated with obesity. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of western and cafeteria diets as obesity-inducing protocols, focusing on the evaluation of metabolic, somatic, oxidative, histological and behavioural parameters of Wistar rats. METHODS: The rats were fed a control (CON), western (WTD) or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 16 weeks. RESULTS: The CAF diet caused anxiogenic-like behaviour. Body mass (BMI), Lee and adiposity indices increased in the CAF group. CAF and WTD diets reduced glucose and insulin tolerance, caused dyslipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant capacity in the liver, kidneys and brain. The WTD and CAF groups shows greater IL-6 protein expression in adipose tissue, developed hepatic steatosis and ischaemic neurons, whereas interstitial nephritis was observed only in the CAF group. CONCLUSION: The CAF diet was most effective in inducing obesity, as shown both by the somatic parameters and by the greater number of obesity-related metabolic and neurobehavioural disorders in the evaluated rats.

Mucuna pruriens Administration Minimizes Neuroinflammation and Shows Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Slimming Effects in Obese Rats.

This study evaluated the effect of Mucuna pruriens (MP) administration on neuroinflammation and behavioral and murinometric parameters in obese rats. Proximate composition, oligosaccharide and phenolic compound profile of MP were determined. Wistar adult male rats were randomized into healthy (HG) and obese group (OG). The HG consumed a control chow diet while OG consumed a cafeteria diet for eight weeks. Then, they were subdivided into: Healthy (HG); Healthy with MP administration (HGMP); Obese (OG); Obese with MP administration (OGMP), with the consumption of the respective diets remaining for another eight weeks, in addition to gavage with MP extract to supplemented groups (750 mg/kg weight). MP presented a composition rich in proteins and phenolic compounds, especially catechin, in addition to 1-kestose and levodopa. Supplementation reduced food intake, body weight, and thoracic and abdominal circumferences in obese rats. MP showed anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and reduced morphological damage and expression of interleukin 6 in the hippocampus of obese rats. MP treatment showed satietogenic, slimming, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, besides to minimizing hippocampal neuroinflammation in obese rats. Our results demonstrated the potential anti-obesity of MP which are probably related to the high content of bioactive compounds present in this plant extract.

Toric Artisan after transepithelial topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy for higher-order aberrations following intrastromal corneal ring segments in keratoconus - Trioptics.

We report a case of a 40-year-old female with keratoconus and high myopia who had previous ICRS implantation in both eyes (OU) and was intolerant to contact lenses. Manifest refraction was -8.50 -1.50 × 95 (20/25--) in right eye (OD) and -9.50 -2.50 × 60 (20/70--) in left eye (OS). A topography-guided transepithelial-photorefractive keratectomy (ttPRK) was performed to correct high-order aberrations on OS, resulting in corneal surface and coma improvement, and CDVA achieved 20/30. Correction of residual ametropia was performed with an iris-fixated toric phakic lens in OU. CDVA improved to 20/20- (Plano) in OD and 20/20- (Plano -1.00 90°) in OS. In conclusion, it is possible to rehabilitate a patient with keratoconus and high ametropia after intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation associating ttPRK and phakic lens ("Trioptics").

Spirulina platensis prevents oxidative stress and inflammation promoted by strength training in rats: dose-response relation study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g - 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).

Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Modulates Aortic Vascular Reactivity through Nitric Oxide and Antioxidant Activity.

The possible mechanism is involved in the effects of Spirulina platensis on vascular reactivity. Animals were divided into sedentary group (SG) and sedentary groups supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 50 (SG50), 150 (SG150), and 500 mg/kg (SG500). To evaluate reactivity, cumulative concentration-response curves were constructed for phenylephrine and acetylcholine. To evaluate the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, aorta tissue was preincubated with L-NAME and a new curve was then obtained for phenylephrine. Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity. To contractile reactivity, only SG500 (pD2 = 5.6 ± 0.04 vs. 6.1 ± 0.06, 6.2 ± 0.02, and 6.2 ± 0.04) showed reduction in phenylephrine contractile potency. L-NAME caused a higher contractile response to phenylephrine in SG150 and SG500. To relaxation, curves for SG150 (pD2 = 7.0 ± 0.08 vs. 6.4 ± 0.06) and SG500 (pD2 = 7.3 ± 0.02 vs. 6.4 ± 0.06) were shifted to the left, more so in SG500. Nitrite was increased in SG150 and SG500. Lipid peroxidation was reduced, and oxidation inhibition was increased in all supplemented groups, indicating enhanced antioxidant activity. Chronic supplementation with S. platensis (150/500 mg/kg) caused a decrease in contractile response and increase in relaxation and nitrite levels, indicating greater NO production, due to decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant activity.

Effect of the consumption on buriti oil on the metabolism of rats induced by iron overload.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of the consumption of buriti oil and soybean oil on the metabolism of rats under stress induced by iron overload. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 rats were randomized into control groups who consumed diet added of soybean (CS) or buriti oil (CB) and gavage with saline and two experimental groups who consumed diet added of soybean (ES) or buriti oil (EB) and daily gavage with iron II sulfate as stress inducer. The fatty acid profile of diets was analyzed. Body weight and diet consumption were evaluated every two days. The lipid profile and liver weight of animals were evaluated at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: Diet added of soybean oil showed higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.6%) and diet with buriti oil was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (66.9%). There were no differences in food intake, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol among groups (p > 0.05). However, animals fed with diet supplemented with buriti oil showed intermediate triglyceride levels (CB: 65 mg/dL; EB: 68.7 mg/dL) compared to ES group (102.5 mg/dL). The liver of rats from the CS group had higher weight (2.06 ± 0.2 g) compared to the CB group (1.56 ± 0.1 g). CONCLUSION: Buriti oil consumption was able to minimize some changes related to iron overload.

Effect of the consumption on buriti oil on the metabolism of rats induced by iron overload

Objectives To compare the effect of the consumption of buriti oil and soybean oil on the metabolism of rats under stress induced by iron overload.Materials and methods A total of 28 rats were randomized into control groups who consumed diet added of soybean (CS) or buriti oil (CB) and gavage with saline and two experimental groups who consumed diet added of soybean (ES) or buriti oil (EB) and daily gavage with iron II sulfate as stress inducer. The fatty acid profile of diets was analyzed. Body weight and diet consumption were evaluated every two days. The lipid profile and liver weight of animals were evaluated at the end of the experiment.Results Diet added of soybean oil showed higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.6%) and diet with buriti oil was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (66.9%). There were no differences in food intake, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol among groups (p > 0.05). However, animals fed with diet supplemented with buriti oil showed intermediate triglyceride levels (CB: 65 mg/dL; EB: 68.7 mg/dL) compared to ES group (102.5 mg/dL). The liver of rats from the CS group had higher weight (2.06 ± 0.2 g) compared to the CB group (1.56 ± 0.1 g).Conclusion Buriti oil consumption was able to minimize some changes related to iron overload.

Potential ergogenic activity of grape juice in runners.

Recent studies have indicated that certain food products have ergogenic potential similar to that of sports supplements. The present study aimed to investigate the potential ergogenic effect of integral purple grape juice on the performance of recreational runners. Twenty-eight volunteers of both sexes (age, 39.8 ± 8.5 years; peak oxygen consumption, 43.2 ± 8.5 mL/(kg·min)) were randomized into either a group that received grape juice (grape juice group (GJG), n = 15; 10 mL/(kg·min) for 28 days) or a group that received an isocaloric, isoglycemic, and isovolumetric control beverage (control group (CG), n = 13). A time-to-exhaustion exercise test, anaerobic threshold test, and aerobic capacity test were performed, together with assessments of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, immune response, and muscle injury, performed at baseline and 48 h after the supplementation protocol. The GJG showed a significant increase (15.3%) in running time-to-exhaustion (p = 0.002) without significant improvements in either anaerobic threshold (3.6%; p = 0.511) or aerobic capacity (2.2%; p = 0.605). In addition, GJG exhibited significant increases in total antioxidant capacity (38.7%; p = 0.009), vitamin A (11.8%; p = 0.016), and uric acid (28.2%; p = 0.005), whereas α-1-acid glycoprotein significantly decreased (20.2%; p = 0.006) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels remained unchanged. In contrast, no significant changes occurred in any of these variables in the CG. In conclusion, supplementation with purple grape juice shows an ergogenic effect in recreational runners by promoting increased time-to-exhaustion, accompanied by increased antioxidant activity and a possible reduction in inflammatory markers.

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM MUCUNA PRURIENS ASSOCIADA AO TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA NÃO ALTERA CONSUMO ALIMENTAR, PESO CORPORAL E MEDIDAS MURINOMÉTRICAS EM RATOS TREINADOS / MUCUNA PRURIENS SUPPLEMENTATION ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TRAINING DOES NOT CHANGE FOOD INTAKE, BODY WEIGHT AND MURINOMETRIC VALUES IN TRAINED ANIMALS

RESUMOMucuna pruriens (MP) tem sido comercializada como suplemento para emagrecimento mesmo sem comprovação científica. Este estudo objetiva avaliar o efeito da MP associada ao treinamento resistido sobre parâmetros murinométricos e consumo alimentar em ratos. Os animais foram randomizados nos grupos: controle sedentário e treinado, MP sedentário e treinado. Os treinados executaram protocolo de saltos e os suplementados receberam 250 mg de MP/kg/dia via gavagem. O consumo alimentar e peso corporal foram avaliados semanalmente e medidas murinométricas ao final do protocolo. Não houve alterações no consumo alimentar (147 a 180 g), peso (341 a 368 g), comprimento (entre 24,6 e 25,5 cm), circunferências torácica (de 14,1 a 16,2 cm) e abdominal (variação de 14,5 a 15,8 cm), índice de massa corporal (entre 0,53 e 0,56 g/cm2) e índice de Lee (entre 4,5 e 4,8 cm3). Suplementação de MP associada ao exercício não altera consumo alimentar, peso e medidas murinométricas em ratos.

ABSTRACTMucuna pruriens(mp) has been marketed as a supplement for weight loss even without scientific proof. this study aims to evaluate the effect of mp supplementation associated with resistance training on murinometric parameters and food consumption in rats. animals were randomized into sedentary and control groups, supplemented with mp or not. trained animals performed the jump protocol and received the mp supplementation (250 mg/kg/day) by gavage. food consumption and body weight were assessed weekly and murinometric parameters, at the end of the protocol. there were no changes in food intake (147 - 180 g), weight (341 - 368 g), length (24.6 - 25.5 cm), chest (14.1 - 16.2 cm) and abdominal circumferences (14.5 - 15.8 cm), body mass index (0.53 - 0.56 g/cm2) and lee index (4.5 - 4.8 g/cm3). mp supplementation during exercise does not alter food intake, weight and murinometric measurements in rats.

Effects of Dietary Brazilian Palm Oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) on Cholesterol Profile and Vitamin A and E Status of Rats.

In vitro studies have been carried out to establish the nutritional differences between crude and refined vegetable oils; however, the impact of the consumption of these foods on metabolism, in particular the effect of buriti oil, needs to be further evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and murine parameters and the vitamin A and E status in young rats fed with diets supplemented with crude or refined buriti oil. The animals (n = 30) were randomized into three groups receiving diet added of soybean oil (control), crude buriti oil (CBO) and refined buriti oil (RBO) for 28 days. Rats fed with diet added of refined buriti oil (RBO) showed reduced total cholesterol (up to 60.27%), LDL (64.75%), triglycerides (55.47%) and enzyme aspartate transaminase (21.57%) compared to those fed with diet added of crude oil. Serum and hepatic retinol and tocopherol were higher by two to three times in CBO and RBO groups compared to the control group, but no differences were observed for murine parameters. The results indicate that buriti oil is an important source of the antioxidant vitamins A and E, and refined buriti oil is suggested as alternative to improve the lipid profile of healthy rats.

Treinamento de força reduz perfil glicêmico de ratos / Resistance training reduces blood glucose in rats

Aim: To evaluate the effect of a ten-week strength training on the blood glucose of rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into two groups: sedentary and trained. Trained animals underwent strength training for ten weeks. The animals performed four sets of eight jumps with intervals of 30 seconds during ten weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week. An overload weight was imposed to the animals, using appropriate vests, which increased every two weeks. Body weight and food consumption were evaluated weekly. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and theirblood glucose and weights of visceral fat and carcass were measured. Results: No changes were observed in body weight (359.29±38.56 g vs. 355±15.58 g), food intake (162.1±16.6 g vs 156.57±5.4 g) and weight of carcass (222.5±22.7 g vs 230.7±9.3 g), however, reduction of visceral fat (17.4±3.3 g vs 12.9±1.7 g) and blood glucose (180.0±21.9 mg/dL vs. 151.7±19.6 mg/dL) was observed in the trained animals. Conclusion: The protocol used in this study reduced visceral fat and blood glucose in animals subjected to strength training.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um treinamento de força de dez semanas sobre o perfil glicídico de ratos. Métodos: 18 ratos foram randomizados em dois grupos: sedentários e treinados. Os animais treinados foram submetidos a treinamento de força durante dez semanas. Os animais realizavam quatro séries de oito saltos com intervalos de 30 segundos, durante dez semanas, com frequência de três vezes por semana. Foi imposta uma sobrecarga de peso aos animais, utilizando-se coletes apropriados, aumentada quinzenalmente. Foram avaliados peso corporal e consumo alimentar semanalmente. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram eutanasiados e verificou-se glicemia, peso de gordura visceral e de carcaça. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações no peso corporal (359,29 ± 38,56 g vs. 355 ± 15,58 g), consumo alimentar (162,1 ± 16,6 g vs. 156,57 ± 5,4 g) e peso da carcaça (222,5 ± 22,7 g vs. 230,7 ± 9,3 g), entretanto, encontrou-se redução da gordura visceral (17,4 ± 3,3 g vs. 12,9 ± 1,7 g) e da glicemia (180,0 ± 21,9 mg/dL vs. 151,7±19,6 mg/dL) nos animais treinados. Conclusão: O protocolo aplicado neste estudo reduziu gordura visceral e glicemia nos animais submetidos ao treinamento de força.

Chia induces clinically discrete weight loss and improves lipid profile only in altered previous values / Chía promueve reducción del peso corporal, pero clínicamente discreto, y la mejora del perfil lipídico sólo en los valores previos alterados

Introduction: chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has an elevated concentration of dietary fiber, it has been used to weight loss and enhance blood glucose and lipid profile. However, data in human are still scarce or do not exist, according to the analyzed variable. Aim: to evaluate the effect of chia supplementation in body composition, lipid profile and blood glucose in overweight or obese individuals. Methods: men and women were randomly allocated in groups that ingested 35g of chia flour/day (CHIA; n=19;48.8±1.8 years) or placebo (PLA; n=7; 51.4±3.1 years) for12 weeks. Body composition and food intake were evaluated in each four weeks. Lipid profile and blood glucose were measured in the beginning and in the end of the study. Results: Chia induced significant intragroup reduction in body weight (-1.1±0.4kg; p<0.05), with a greater reduction among obese than overweighed individuals (-1.6±0.4kg; p<0.00), but without difference when compared to PLA. Waist circumference reduced 1.9±0.6 cmin CHIA group (p <0.05), but only intragroup. It was observed a reduction in total cholesterol (p=0.04) and VLDL-c (p=0.03), and an increase in HDL-c (p=0.01) but only in the groups that ingested chia flour and presented abnormal initial values. Triglycerides, blood glucose and LDL-C showed no changes for either group. Conclusion: consumption of chia for 12 weeks promotes significant but discrete reduction in weight and waist circumference, and enhances lipid profile dependent of initial values (AU)

Introducción: Debido al alto contenido de fibra dietética, la chía (Salvia hispánica L.) han sido propuesta para la pérdida de peso y mejora del perfil lipídico y glucémico. Pero los datos en humanos son escasos o inexistentes, en función de la variable analizada. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con harina de chía en la composición corporal, perfil lipídico y glucémico de individuos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: hombres y mujeres fueron asignados aleatoriamente en grupos que consumieron 35 g / día de chía (CHIA; n = 19; 48.8 ± 1.8 años) o placebo (PLA; n = 7; 51.4 ± 3.1 años) durante 12 semanas. La composición corporal y el consumo de alimentos fueron evaluados la cada cuatro semanas de intervención. Perfil lipídico y los niveles de glucosa se midieron al principio y al final del estudio. Resultados: La chía promovió reducción significativa en el peso corporal (-1.1kg; p <0.05) con la mayor reducción entre los obesos (-1.9kg; p <0.00), mientras que el grupo PLA tenía ningún cambio. Circunferencia de la cintura disminuyó en 1,9 cm en el grupo CHIA (p <0.05), pero sólo intragrupo. Fue observada una disminución en el colesterol total (p = 0.04) y VLDL-c (P = 0.03) y el aumento de los niveles de HDL-c (p = 0.01), pero sólo en el grupo que consumió la chía y tenía valores anormales al inicio del estudio. Los niveles de triglicéridos, glucosa y LDL-c no mostraron cambios en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusión: El consumo de chía durante 12 semanas reduce el peso corporal y la circunferencia de la cintura de manera significativa, pero clínicamente discreto. Chía promueve la mejora del perfil lipídico, pero estos efectos son dependientes de los valores iniciales de los grupos (AU)

Timing and outcomes after silicone oil removal in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: a retrospective clinical series.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes after silicone oil extraction in patients with retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy in an eye care referral center in Joinville, SC, southern Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective, noncomparative study of patients with retinal detachment and posterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy followed up after silicone oil removal. Prophylactic 360-degree peripheral laser photocoagulation was performed one to three months before silicone oil extraction. Patients with cataract underwent a combined clear corneal phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the same procedure. Anatomical outcomes were related to the duration of silicone oil tamponade and the surgical procedure performed. Functional outcomes were divided into three categories (stability, worsening, or improvement) according to visual acuity variation before the surgery and at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were followed up for a mean period of 1,262 days. Fourteen eyes (26.4%) underwent cataract surgery combined with silicone oil extraction. Forty-eight eyes (90.5%) had attached retina at the last follow-up examination. Time of intraocular tamponade and association of phacoemulsification with silicone oil extraction were not considered as risk factors for retinal redetachment. Twenty-three cases (43.4%) showed visual acuity improvement, whereas 11 cases (20.8%) were stable and 19 cases (35.8%) showed visual acuity worsening. Five patients with attached retina had unexplained optic disc atrophy. CONCLUSION: Most patients had good anatomical and visual outcomes after silicone oil extraction. Prophylactic 360-degree laser retinopexy may have led to favorable outcomes. Benefits of silicone oil extraction and the associated risks of complications due to a new surgical procedure must be carefully evaluated before surgical indication.

Associação de microburaco macular e fosseta de papila / Association of macular microhole and optic disc pit

A fosseta de papila do nervo óptico e o microburaco macular são duas patologias raras, cuja probabilidade de coexistência se torna extremamente baixa, embora não haja relação fisiopatológica entre ambas, descreveremos um caso de associação das mesmas, acometendo comumente um olho, a fim de analisar as manifestações clínicas, os exames de OCT, angiografia, retinografia, biomocroscopia, o tratamento e a correlação entre ambas patologias.

Optic disc pit and macular microhole are two rare pathologies with an extremely low likelihood of coexistence, this paper will report an association of both pathologies in the same eye with the purpose of analyzing clinical manifestations, tests, angiography, OCT, retinography, biomocroscopy, treatment outcome and the connection between the optic disc pit and macular microhole.