[Frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis and its association with other pathogens causing genital infections in the female]. / Frecuencia de vaginosis producida por Gardnerella vaginalis y su asociación con otros patógenos causantes de infección genital en la mujer.

In order to determine the presence of unspecific vaginosis and their causes, 700 vaginal smears were obtained from patients assisting to the Clinical Laboratory of the Familiar Medicine Unit No. 28 "Gabriel Mancera" of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, during 6 months. The patients age was from 18 to 55 years old. To establish the infectious etiology of these pathologies the vaginal smears were observed freshly and stained by Gram's method. Specific test for differentiate Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans were also performed. From 700 vaginal smears, 160 were positive to Candida albicans (22.86%); 150 to Gardnerella vaginalis (21.43%); and 14 to Trichomonas vaginalis (2%). The most frequent association were Candida albicans with Gardnerella vaginalis in 14 women, who 12 had a reduced number of pregnancy, and 7 had only one pregnancy (58.3%). The age groups most affected were between 18 and 35 years old, corresponding to the reproductive stage of the woman. Gardnerella vaginalis predominated in the 30-35 years old group.

Zoonosis por helmintos en mamíferos de morelia, Michoacán, República Mexicana / Helminthes in rats and other mammiferous

Mediante captura y examen de pequeños mamíferos de la Ciudad de Morelia, Michoaan, República Mexicana, se encontraron parasitados por diversos helmintos, céstodos y nemátodos, así como por protozoos de los que también afectan al hombre. Los principales mamíferos capturados fueron Rattus norvegicus y Rattus rattus, encontrándose parasitados principalmente por Trichinella spiralis 60 por ciento, Hymenolepis diminuta 45 por ciento, e Hymenolepis nana 1.3 por ciento. Se señala la importancia que tienen este tipo de estudios, para determinar los mamíferos que funcionan como reservorios de zoonosis y fuente de infección para el hombre en la Ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán, República Mexicana y de otras localidades del país

[The mycetisms and their relevancy in medicine.]. / Los micetismos y su relevancia en medicina.

Poisonous mushrooms play an important role in public health, since the poisonings caused by their toxins have very high morbidity-mortality rates. No real data are available on this problem because diagnosis is often difficult. This work points out the important role of poisonous mushrooms. An analysis is included of the clinical features of the most important mycetisms, the mushrooms that produce them and the toxins that cause this pathology. A guide to aid clinical doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of mycetisms and recomendations to prevent these poisonings are provided.

[Toxoplasmosis and threatened abortion]. / Toxoplasmosis y aborto en evolución.

To know the situation of the toxoplasmosis in Comitán Chiapas, we made a serological indirect inmunofluorecent antibody test (IFA) to the population of this city and to fifty women with abortion in evolution. The results show us that around five percent of the population in general have positive title of antitoxoplasma gondii antibiodies, and 18% in the women with abortion evolution case. The statistics concluded that seropositive for this parasitic disease is real higher between cases of abortion than population in general (P < 0.006), as well as it is significantly higher in abortion cases than women of the general population of Comitán Chiapas (P < 0.01).

[Vegetables for human consumption as probable source of Toxocara sp. infection in man]. / Verduras de consumo humano como probable fuente de infección de Toxocara sp. para el hombre.

Although Toxocara canis life cycle is known, other possible mechanisms dynamically involved in its transmission to man are still ignored. The object of the present investigation was to search the occurrence of Toxocara sp. eggs in vegetables which humans consume. Five hundred and thirty six vegetables from a supply distribution center in Mexico City (Distrito Federal) were examined. Those included 212 carrots, 76 potatoes, 31 radishes, 22 mushrooms, 27 lettuces, 20 sweet potatoes and 66 bundles of spinaches, 32 bundles of salt-worts, 29 bundles of coriander, and 21 bundles of purslane. Each unit or bundle was washed with 50 ml of sterilized water, allowing sedimentation at room temperature for 8 hours. Five ml of sediment were centrifugated at 3,000 r.p.m. for 5 minutes. Sediment was examined in lugol stained fresh plates through light microscopy, which turned to be Toxocara sp. eggs were found only in two vegetables: 1.9% of carrots and 6.5% of radishes. Toxocara sp. eggs were: 66.7% recently emitted and 33.3% embryonated. Other parasite elements were: Ascaris lumbricoides eggs 1.9% in carrots, 2.6% in potatoes, 9.1% in mushrooms, 6.9% in corianders, 20.0% in sweet potatoes and 6.1% in spinachs. Entamoeba histolytica cyts were found in 0.9% of carrots. Soil contamination with Toxocara sp. eggs from parasitized dogs or cats, or with either sewage systems or contaminated water where vegetables for human consumption are grown, play a role as a transmission mechanism must be deeperly studied since 33.3% of Toxocara sp. eggs found contained larvae, potentially infective to man.

[Frequency of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix and risk factors in women in Mexico City]. / Frecuencia de neoplasia intraepitelial del cérvix y factores de riesgo en mujeres de la ciudad de México.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasies (CIN), are very frequent in women with active sexual life who present risk factors. In this paper 220 exfoliative cytology reports from the National Cancer Register of the Direction of Epidemiology, Health Secretory, taken to women from eight Political Delegations in Mexico City, were revised. 134 cases presented CIN. 70.2% were grade III, corresponded to the age group between 26 and 35 years old; more than three pregnancies (47.76%) and more than three births (46.80%). Viral genital infections were related with CIN grades II and III. There are another risk factors that have been poorly analyzed in the national existent literature, therefore, it is necessary to effect further studies to determine the development of CIN in women with active sexual life.

[New sites with Triatominae infected by Trypanosoma cruzi in the Mexican Republic]. / Nuevas localidades con triatominos infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi en la República mexicana.

We report 29 new localities with Triatominae in the Republic of México; these Triatominae belong to 8 different species. Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in the majority of these localities with high rates of positivity was found. Biological observations concerning the collected Triatominae are given. The necessity of continued work in relation to geographical distribution, ecology, frequency of infection by T. cruzy, and the role played by Triatominae of the Republic of México in the transmission of the infection to the man is stressed.

[Soil contamination with Toxocara sp. eggs in public parks and home gardens from Mexico City]. / Contaminación de suelos por huevos de Toxocara sp. en parques públicos y jardines de casas-habitación de la ciudad de México.

Due to de high number of stray dogs and cats which defecate in public places in Mexico City (3 millions approximately), in addition to domestic dogs and cats, exists the potential risk to man of infection by Toxocara sp. eggs. A study to determine the contamination frequency by Toxocara sp. eggs in public parks, public flower beds, and home gardens in Mexico City, Distrito Federal, was carried out in the 1995 first semester. Fourteen hundred and five soil samples were collected from 156 public parks, 83 public flower beds and 42 home gardens across the 16 delegations in Mexico City, Distrito Federal. Samples were processed by the zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation method, and supernatants read by microscopy. Out of the whole 281 sampled sites, 12.5% were found contaminated with Toxocara sp. eggs. Positivity found was: 10.9% in public parks, 13.3% in public flower beds and 16.7% in home gardens. Ninety percent of the eggs were embryonated or larvaeted measuring 60 to 90 micrometers. The high contamination frequencies found make necessary to prompt for Public Health measures granted the risk of infection acquisition spread on the most exposed population (children) provided that it is acquired via geophagia.

[Frequency of vaginal trichomoniasis and candidiasis and its relation to the clinical profile]. / Frecuencia de tricomoniasis y candidiasis vaginal y su relación con el cuadro clínico.

Eight hundred samples of vaginal swabs were taken from women with active sexual life attending the Cervicouterine Cancer Opportune Detection Service at the Familial Medicine Unit No. 18 of the National Institute of Social Security, to study the incidence and prevalence of vaginal trichomoniasis, the presence of yeasts of the genus Candida and their relationships with clinical features of vulvovaginitis. Identification of parasites was made by means of direct examination with light microscope; 14.39 per cent of candida vulvovaginitis against 3.13 per cent of trichomoniasis was found; in only five cases the two parasites were associated. Leukorrhea and vaginal pruritus were the major symptoms found and the most affected anatomical regions were vaginal walls in trichomoniasis and cervix in candidiasis. Although vaginal trichomoniasis is a worldwide distributed parasitosis, its frequency is very variable, not so vaginal candidiasis, which is more frequent.

Tratamiento de las mordeduras por serpientes ponzonosas / Treatment of poisonous snake bites

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se estudian los efectos terapéuticos del prazicuantel (pirazino isoquinoleinn¡ en el tratamiento de la, cisticercosis cerebral humana. Se administró la droga a 100 enfermos, 52 hombres y 48 mujeres. cuyas edades oscilaron entre los cuatro y los 70 años; entre ellos había cinco niños. El medicamento se dio bajo la forma de cápsulas o tabletas fanuradas, a la dosis de 50 mg por kilogramo de peso repartida en dos tomas al día, siempre con las comidas y durante 15 días consecutivos. Todos los enfermos fueron hospitalizadas en la sección clínica del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales de México, Se les practicó, además del examen clínico de rutina. electroencefalograma. tomograffa axial computarizada, estudio completo del líquido ceralorraquideo incluyendo la reacción de fijación del complemento a la cisticercosis y dosificación de anticuerpos. Todas estas pruebas se repitieron al terminar el tratamiento y a los pacientes se les ha seguido en la con una externa durante un lapso variable entre uno y 12 meses. Se excluyeron enfermos con padecimiento asociados, toxicómanos, mujeres embarazadas y casos sumamente graves más allá de toda esperanza razonable. Se consideraron curados a Jos enfermos que después del tratamiento han permanecido asintomáticos, que no requieren ningún medicamento y que han vuelto a trabajar. se consideran mejorados los que presentaron algún adelanto que fue clasificado de a. Fueron considerados como sin cambio los que quedaron igual y empeorados los que desmejoraron. Se estudió la mortalidad inmediata en los que fallecieron durante su permanencia en el hospital y la tardía cuando ya habían abandonado el establecimiento. sin importar el tiempo transcurrido. La mortalidad inmediata fue de tres casos por ciento y se debió siempre a hipertensión intracraneana: la mortalidad tardía fue de seis casos y se debió en la mayoría de las veces a ependirnitis udhexivu o a otro padecimientos. Después del tratamiento fueron clasificados como muy mejorados o curados hasta el 77% de los casos