Simulation in Pediatric Video Surgery: Training with Simple and Reproducible Exercises Elaborated by Residents.

Background: Most residents do not have a defined program for simulation training in video surgery in Brazil. The training takes place for the most part in vivo or in short courses. The goal of this article is to describe and evaluate a set of exercises using low-cost materials, created by the residents themselves, to enable basic skills training in video surgery. Materials and Methods: Seven exercises were elaborated aiming to simulate main maneuvers performed in video surgery. The residents were guided by a written and video description showing the execution of the exercises, performed the exercises, and answered a questionnaire. After 3 weeks of free training, the residents performed the exercises and answered the questionnaire again. Results: Seven residents started the study; however, 6 completed the two steps. Among the participants, 83% received in vivo video surgery training, and only 2 (33%) received some supervised simulation training in minimally invasive surgery before this time. All participants considered the set of seven exercises representative of the actual skills in video surgery. There was no difficulty in acquiring the materials or in assembling them to carry out the training. All the participants had a shorter training time than initially proposed, on average 1 day/week for 20 minutes. Conclusions: A simple set of exercises can be elaborated by the residents themselves and make feasible the simulated training in video surgery even without the availability of sophisticated and expensive materials. The presence of a tutor and the scheduling of exclusive training seem necessary for more satisfactory results.

Evaluation of quality of life of patients with sickle cell disease in a General Hospital of Goiás, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença falciforme é a doença hereditária mais frequente no nosso país. O portador apresenta acometimentos físico, emocional e social, e sua qualidade de vida pode estar comprometida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos doentes falciformes em tratamento no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de Goiás. MÉTODO: Foram entrevistados 60 sujeitos entre 14 e 60 anos, doentes falciformes, em tratamento no Hospital das Clínicas. Aplicou-se o WHOQOL-Bref (instrumento avaliativo de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS), o questionário étnico-racial e o sociodemográfico. A significância foi definida por um erro padrão de 5 por cento (p < 0,05). Os sujeitos eram do sexo feminino em 53,3 por cento e solteiros em 71,7 por cento. A média da idade foi de 27 anos e o nível educacional até o primeiro grau completo foi de 51,7 por cento. RESULTADOS: A maioria considerou-se parda (46,7 por cento) e a minoria, negra (11,7 por cento). Apenas 6,7 por cento disseram ser vítimas de preconceito devido à cor e 33,3 por cento disseram ser vítimas de preconceito devido à doença. Os sujeitos relataram ligação entre doença e sua cor em 48,3 por cento. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada negativa em 6,7 por cento e, em 70 por cento, positiva. Apresentaram satisfação negativa quanto à saúde 23,3 por cento dos sujeitos e, em 48,3 por cento, a satisfação foi positiva. Os escores do WHOQOL-Bref, de 0 a 100 foram: domínio físico (57,32), psicológico (66,03), social (69,86) e ambiental (52,76). CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação significativa entre preconceito devido à doença e nível educacional, e entre idade e todos os domínios. A doença falciforme limita a vida do portador, com comprometimento da qualidade de vida. A doença está perdendo o caráter de "black related disease", coincidindo com a miscigenação racial brasileira.

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited disease in Brazil. Patients are known to suffer physical, emotional and social impairment and their quality of life may well be involved. METHOD: The quality of life of sickle cell disease patients treated in Hospital das Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Goiás was evaluated. Sixty patients with ages ranging from 14 to 60 years old were interviewed. The WHOQOL-Bref (a quality of life validation instrument of the World Health Organization), and the ethnical-racial, and sociodemographic questionnaires were administered. A standard error of 5 percent (p-value < 0.05) was considered acceptable. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 27 years old, 53.3 percent of the patients were women, 71.7 percent were single and 51.7 percent had completed elementary school. The majority classified themselves as mulattos (46.7 percent) and the minority Blacks (11.7 percent). Only 6.7 percent considered themselves victims of racial discrimination because of their skin color but 33.3 percent considered themselves victims of discrimination due to sickle cell disease. The patients 48.3 percent reported an association between their disease and their skin color. The quality of life was considered bad by 6.7 percent and good by 70 percent. A total of 48.3 percent considered their lives to be satisfactory and 23.3 percent to be unsatisfactory. The scores obtained from the WHOQOL-Bref (from 0 to 100) were: 57.32 for physical, 66.03 for psychological, 69.86 for social and 52.76 for environmental domains. There were significant correlations of discrimination due to the disease with educational level and age with all the WHOQOL-Bref domains. CONCLUSION: Sickle cell disease significantly limits the quality of life of patients. Also, sickle cell disease, coinciding with the racial miscegenation, is losing its "black-related disease" character in Brazil.