Potential antiproliferative activity of polyphenol metabolites against human breast cancer cells and their urine excretion pattern in healthy subjects following acute intake of a polyphenol-rich juice of grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.).

The bioavailability and metabolism of anthocyanins and ellagitannins following acute intake of grumixama fruit, native Brazilian cherry, by humans, and its in vitro antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were investigated. A single dose of grumixama juice was administered to healthy women (n = 10) and polyphenol metabolites were analyzed in urine and plasma samples collected over 24 h. The majority of the metabolites circulating and excreted in urine were phenolic acids and urolithin conjugates, the gut microbiota catabolites of both classes of polyphenols, respectively. According to pharmacokinetic parameters, the subjects were divided into two distinct groups, high and low urinary metabolite excretors. The pool of polyphenol metabolites found in urine samples showed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings demonstrate the large interindividual variability concerning the polyphenol metabolism, which possibly could reflect in health promotion.

Evaluation of electronic method in determining the root canal length in teeth of dogs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of electronic apex locators to determine the root canal length in teeth of dogs. For this purpose, APIT and ENDOSONIC units, which are third generation apex locator devices, were used to identify the root length in 58 teeth (82 roots). The electronic method was compared to radiographic and tactile sense methods. The results showed that APIT and ENDOSONIC devices were ineffective when used to determine the root canal length in 2-3 year-old dogs. A beep indicating the canal depth was heard in only two of 82 (2.4%) canals. The digital-tactile sense method with radiographic confirmation is more appropriate for root length measurement than the electronic method during endodontic therapy in dogs.