Recovery and partial purification of fibrinolytic protease from Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii and cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of their extracts.

Mushrooms are a source of primary and secondary metabolites. Little is known about the most suitable conditions for production of mushrooms by submerged fermentation. This article reports antioxidant and cytotoxic assays, in addition to quantitatively evaluating the content of proteases with fibrinolytic action in the crude extracts of two species of edible mushrooms produced in different formulations, as well as evaluating the recovery of these enzymes by aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii, at concentration of 100 µg/mL, displayed inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radicals below 50%. In the cytotoxicity test, the cells human fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5) showed cell viability greater than 80%. Concerning fibrinolytic activity, P. eryngii presented 226.47 ± 7.26 U/mL, therefore being more efficient than P. ostreatus (71.5 ± 0.56 U/mL). In the recovery of the P. eryngii extract by ATPS, the fibrinolytic protease was partitioned in the salt phase (30.25 U/mL). The molecular mass of the proteases was between 75 and 100 kDa. These results prove the low cytotoxicity of the extracts produced and that fermentation in supplemented malt broth favored the excretion of fibrinolytic proteases compared to the other evaluated media.

Mycelial Growth and Antimicrobial Activity of Pleurotus Species (Agaricomycetes).

The objective of this study was to analyze mycelial growth under different culture conditions and antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm. (DPUA 1533) and P. ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm. cv. Florida (DPUA 1534) against fungi and bacteria of medical importance. The growth of Pleurotus species was evaluated in natural and complex media, with and without light, at 25°C and 28°C for 8, 15, and 30 days. Candida albicans (DPUA 1336), Cryptococcus laurentii (DPUA 1501), Aspergillus flavus (DPUA 1836), Escherichia coli (DAUPE 224), and Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 607) were used to test antibiosis. Under all growth conditions in vitro, Pleurotus species evidenced growth and high density of mycelia on potato dextrose agar and Sabouraud agar with yeast extract; mycelial growth but lesser mycelial density was observed on rice bran extract agar. Organic mycelial extracts of Pleurotus species exhibited potential antibacterial and antifungal activity, and were selective for the tested microorganisms.

Mycelial Growth and Antimicrobial Activity of Species of Genus Lentinus (Agaricomycetes) from Brazil.

The objective of this study was to analyze the mycelial growth under different culture conditions and the antimicrobial activity of Lentinus citrinus Walleyn & Rammeloo DPUA 1535 and Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns DPUA 1536 against some fungi and bacteria. The growth of Lentinus spp. was evaluated in natural and complex media, with and without light, at 25°C and 28°C for 8, 15, and 30 days. To test antimicrobial activity, we used Candida albicans DPUA 1336, Cryptococcus laurentii DPUA 1501, Aspergillus flavus DPUA 1836, Escherichia coli DAUPE 224, and Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607. L. citrinus showed strong growth in potato dextrose and rice meal agars in the absence and presence of light, at 28°C, and over 8, 15, and 30 days. N. lepideus grew well in Sabouraud agar in the absence and presence of light at 25°C for 8 and 15 days. L. citrinus evidenced mycelial growth and high density in potato dextrose agar, although lesser mycelial density was observed in rice bran extract agar. N. lepideus showed less abundant mycelial growth and density in the 3 culture media. Organic mycelial extracts of Lentinus species demonstrated a potential antibacterial and antifungal activity, with selectivity to the test-microorganisms under in vitro growth conditions.

Atividade antimicrobiana de espécies de Penicillium mantidas sob duas condições de preservação / Actividad antimicrobiana de especies de Penicillium mantenidas bajo dos condiciones de preservación / Antimicrobial activity of Penicillium species kept under two preservation methods

Neste trabalho foi investigada a viabilidade e atividade antimicrobiana de 60 Penicillium spp. preservados sob óleo mineral e água destilada esterilizada. Os fungos foram reativados em meios de cultura seletivos e autenticados conforme as características macro e micromorfológicas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela técnica do bloco de gelose e bioautografia contra bactérias Gram positivas, bactérias Gram negativas, leveduras e Mycobacterium smegmatis. A viabilidade das culturas correspondeu a 46,7% para os preservados em água destilada e 43,3% para os preservados sob óleo mineral. Os testes de atividade antimicrobiana em meio sólido revelaram que Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans foram os mais susceptíveis aos compostos bioativos enquanto que Escherichia coli e Mycobacterium smegmatis, os mais inativos. Por bioautografia está demonstrando a atividade antimicrobiana dos constituintes químicos das espécies de Penicillium, resultado que abre novas possibilidades para identificação de compostos com potencial antifúngico e antibacteriano.

En este trabajo se investigó la viabilidad y la actividad antimicrobiana de 60 Penicillium spp. conservados en aceite mineral y en agua destilada estéril. Los hongos fueron reactivados en medios de cultivos selectivos y verificados conforme a sus características macro y micromorfológicas. La actividad antimicrobiana fue determinada por las técnicas del bloque de agar y bioautografia contra bacterias grampositivas, bacterias gramnegativas, levaduras y Mycobacterium smegmatis. La viabilidad de los cultivos correspondió a 46,7% para aquellos conservados en agua destilada y a 43,3% para los conservados en aceite mineral. Las pruebas de actividad antimicrobiana en medio solido revelaron que Staphylococcus aureus y Candida albicans fueron los más susceptibles a los compuestos bioactivos mientras que Escherichia coli y Mycobacterium smegmatis, los más inactivos. Se demostró por bioautografía la actividad antimicrobiana de los componentes químicos de las especies de Penicillium, resultado que abre nuevas posibilidades para la identificación de compuestos con potencial antifúngico y antibacteriano.

In this study, we investigated the viability and antimicrobial activity of 60 Penicillium spp. conserved under mineral oil and sterile distilled water. The fungi were reactivated in specific culture media and verified according to their macro and micromorphologic characteristics. Their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and Mycobacterium smegmatis was determined by the agar block and bioautography techniques. Viability of cultures corresponded to 46.7% for those conserved in distilled water and 43.3% for those conserved in mineral oil. The antimicrobial activity in solid media revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were the most susceptible to the bioactive components, while Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis the most inactive. The antimicrobial activity of the chemical components of the Penicillium species was demonstrated through bioautography; these results open new possibilities for the identification of components with antifungal and antibacterial potential.