RESUMO
Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoAHV-1) is an important viral pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the dairy industry. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of BoAHV-1 in cases of bovine reproductive disorder. Clinical samples were collected from various villages in Gujarat using specialized FTA® cards and were tested using real-time PCR assay targeting the gB gene of BoAHV-1. Out of 401 animals, 18.20% (95% CI: 14.74-22.28%) tested positive for BoAHV-1 DNA. The percentage positivity of BoAHV-1 was 20.37% in abortion cases and 19.55% in retention of fetal membrane cases, while only one out of nine metritis cases screened in the study was positive for BoAHV-1 DNA. A higher percentage positivity in buffaloes (22.14%) compared to cattle (16.30%) was recorded, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.169). The frequency of BoAHV-1 detection was higher among crossbreeds (16.76%) and exotics (19.61%) than among indigenous cattle (8.82%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.400). There was also no significant difference in frequency distribution among animals of varying parity, ranging from 15.20 to 33.33% (p = 0.540). This study confirms the widespread circulation of BoAHV-1 and highlights the need for its control and prevention.
RESUMO
Spexin is novel biomarker, which plays a potential role in glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, there was paucity of serum spexin levels in obesity and diabetes mellitus subjects. Hence the current study was aimed to find the relationship between the serum spexin levels in type 2 Diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) with extrapolation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A cross-sectional study included 330 participants, subdivided as control (n=110), type 2 DM (n=110) and type 2 DM with CVD groups (n=110). HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile, spexin & leptin including blood pressure and body mass index were analyzed from all the participants. The serum spexin levels (ng/ml) were significantly decreased in type 2 DM (mean ± sd: 0.65 ± 0.03) and type 2 DM with CVD (0.48 ± 0.02) groups compared to the control (0.79 ± 0.03) group (p<0.001). The decreased spexin levels were observed in type 2 DM, and further more decreased in type 2 DM with CVD patients compared to controls indicating that spexin levels could be served as an early prediction of obesity-induced T2DM with CVD risk.
