RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adhesive dentistry is overwhelmingly evolving with respect to the dental surgeon's and patient's perspective. Embracing the concept of minimally invasive dentistry which follows minimum intervention performed to produce good adhesion and tooth coloured restoration, in turn makes the newer generation bonding agents more acceptable and appropriate withstanding the demand for stable restoration. AIM: To study and compare the extent of microleakage between tooth and restoration interface in class V composite resin restorations applying one Total Etch (AdperTM single bond), two Self Etch (AdperTM SE Plus, AdperTM Easy One) and Universal bonding agents using dye penetration method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 freshly orthodontically extracted human maxillary and mandibular premolars were included in the study. Class V cavities were prepared with a cylindrical diamond bur on the facial surface of each tooth, having approximate dimensions of 3 mm × 2.5 mm × 1.5 mm. Teeth were divided into four groups (30 in each group). Group A AdperTM single bond 2 (3M ESPE), Group B AdperTM SE Plus (3M ESPE), Group C AdperTM Easy One (3M ESPE), Group D AdperTM Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) bonding agents were applied as per the manufacturer's instructions and the cavities were then restored with nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric N Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent). Teeth were then thermocycled for 200 cycles at 5°-55°C with 60 seconds of dwell time. Specimens were subjected to a dye leakage test. Microleakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Data was analysed using Kruskal- Wallis, Dunn and Mann-Whitney test to assess the difference in microleakage among various adhesives. RESULTS: The present study revealed that the microleakage was more at the gingival margin when compared with occlusal and this was found to be statistically significant. At the occlusal margin statistical significant difference was found only between AdperTM Easy one and AdperTM SE Plus, on the other hand at gingival margin no statistical significant difference was found. CONCLUSION: One step self etch agents showed less microleakage than total etches and universal adhesive at occlusal margin. Higher degree of microleakage was observed at gingival margin compared to occlusal margin.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Root canal treatment is incomplete without usage of intra canal medicaments. They help in the reduction of bacterial count and its by-products, making canals clean and decreasing postoperative pains. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of triple antibiotic paste, Moxifloxacin, calcium hydroxide and 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in elimination of Enterococcous faecalis (E. faecalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five root blocks were obtained from extracted single rooted human teeth. The canal diameter was increased using Gates- Glidden drill up to size 3 and then contaminated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The contaminated samples were then divided into following 5 groups. Group 1: Saline (negative group), Group 2: Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, Group 3: 2% CHX gel, Group 4: Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) (50 µg - metronidazole of 400 mg, 50 µg - minocycline of 100 mg, 50 µg - ciprofloxacin of 100 mg) and Group 5: Moxifloxacin (50 µg - moxifloxacin of 400 mg). Dentin debris was obtained at the end of first, 7th, and 10th day using Gates Glidden drill sizes 4 and 5. The bacterial load was assessed by counting the number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs). The data were analyzed with the ANOVA and Post-Hoc tests to assess the differences in antibacterial efficacy between groups (p=<0.001). RESULTS: A 2% CHX gel alone completely inhibited the growth of E. faecalis after one, seven and 10 days. The 2% CHX gel was the most effective medicament against E. faecalis, as it showed significant differences with normal saline, calcium hydroxide, Moxifloxacin or triple antibiotic paste at all time intervals. The triple antibiotic paste group showed a moderate antibacterial effect as its difference with all group was significantly better at all days. Moxifloxacin was more effective than calcium hydroxide on 7th and 10th day. CONCLUSION: Best antimicrobial efficacy was shown by 2% CHX gel. Moxifloxacin was equally efficient compared to triple antibiotic paste against E. faecalis at longer intervals of time.
