Assessment of nutritional status and clinical outcomes: A comprehensive retrospective analysis of critically ill patients.

Assessing nutritional status is vital for understanding and managing patients' clinical conditions. Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is one of the most frequently used scores that evaluate caloric status, protein reserve, and immunological response estimation. This study assesses the critically ill patients' nutritional status and its relationship with patient-related factors and mortality. Electronic medical records of 1687 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient files were reviewed from January 2019 to May 2023 retrospectively. Patient demographic information, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data were extracted and anonymized for analysis. The patients were divided according to the CONUT scores, and retrieved data were compared. The study population's demographic features and clinical outcomes were stratified by CONUT scores. The gender distribution was similar; however, there was a significant age difference between the Low-CONUT and High-CONUT groups (P < .001). High CONUT values are linked to an increased risk of death, intubation, age, APACHE-II scores, and the number of comorbidities. Malnutrition is prevalent in ICU patients with gastrointestinal illnesses and urogenital system disorders, including infections. Patients with a high CONUT score at admission had an increased risk of ICU death even after correcting for covariates. The CONUT score is a trustworthy and practical tool for assessing ICU patients' nutritional status, which is highly associated with ICU mortality. Patients admitted to the ICU with gastrointestinal, urogenital, or infectious disorders should have their nutritional condition assessed carefully. According to our study, the rate of intubated patients admitted to the intensive care unit is higher in malnourished patients. This suggests it should be reviewed in clinical settings, particularly in elderly, frail patients and those with numerous comorbidities.

Effects of different degrees of deacetylation and levels of chitosan on performance, egg traits and serum biochemistry of laying hens.

The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the deacetylation degree of chitosan (low: 70% vs. high: 90%) and its dietary level (0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg diet) would affect laying performance, faeces viscosity, egg quality, egg and serum biochemistry of layers. For the experimental feeding period of 8 weeks, 140 four weeks old Hisex Brown layers were divided into 10 treatment groups, comprising 14 birds each. The birds were housed in individual cages in a complete randomised design. Performance was assessed by recording feed intake, egg weight, daily egg production, egg quality and egg biochemistry. Serum biochemistry parameters were determined at the beginning and end of the experiment and faeces viscosity at the end of the experiment. Feed conversion ratio and faeces viscosity were deteriorated by increased level of chitosan. Lightness of egg yolk was significantly increased in animals receiving high-degree deacetylated chitosan compared to low-degree deacetylated chitosan. Yellowness of egg yolk was affected by interaction of deacetylation degree and level of chitosan. Yolk cholesterol concentration was lower in groups receiving high deacetylated chitosan by increasing chitosan level, while laying hens fed low deacetylated chitosan had a higher level of yolk cholesterol. A significant interaction between degree of deacetylation and chitosan level was determined for serum glucose and calcium concentration. Serum total antioxidant content increased with higher levels of dietary chitosan. In conclusion, dietary level or different degrees of deacetylated chitosan may reduce yolk cholesterol and improve serum antioxidant status. However, feed conversion ratio and faeces viscosity were impaired by increasing levels of chitosan supplementation, and lightness of yolk was increased by supplementation of chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation.

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on ascites syndrome in the broilers grown at high altitude / Efectos síndrome de la suplementación con L-carnitina en el de ascitis en los pollos de engorde criados a gran altura

ABSTRACT Objective. Investigate the effects of L-carnitine as a potential means of reducing the incidence of ascites in broilers and its relationship with physiological and biochemical paramaters. Material and methods. One-day-old 300 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the trial. The group without L-carnitine supplementation (0) was assigned as control and the groups that received 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation in water were assigned as treatment groups. The trial was completed in 35 days. Results. L-carnitine supplementation did not have any significant effect on live weight gain, feed consumption, water consumption and feed conversion ratio. Levels of blood plasma and hemogram parameters HDL, Triglyceride, CK, RBC and MCH were significantly affected by L-carnitine (p<0.05). Blood gas parameter pH value was significantly affected by L-carnitine supplementation in the broilers with ascites. Blood gas pH value significantly increased with 100 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation compared to that of control (p<0.05). While blood pH was 7.21 in the animals with ascites, it was determined as 7.48 in healthy animals. Concentrations of SO2 and ctO2 were higher in healthy animals, while ctCO2P and hemoglobin concentrations were higher in ascitic animals (p<0.05). Conclusions. Ascites mortality rates starting from the control group were calculated respectively as %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67, 28.33 and 28.33%. 76.71% of total ascites deaths were in the 5th week. It was concluded that low doses of L-carnitine supplementation may have positive effects in the broilers grown at high altitude.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la L-carnitina como un medio potencial para reducir la incidencia de ascitis en pollos de engorde y su relación con parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron 300 pollos de engorde machos de un día de edad (Ross 308) en el ensayo. El grupo sin suplementación de L-carnitina (0) se asignó como control y los grupos que recibieron suplementos de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg/L de L-carnitina en agua se asignaron como grupos de tratamiento. La prueba se completó en 35 días. Resultados. La suplementación de L-carnitina no tuvo ningún efecto significativo sobre el aumento de peso vivo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y tasa de conversión alimenticia. Los niveles de plasma sanguíneo y los parámetros del hemograma HDL, triglicéridos, CK RBC y MCH se vieron afectados significativamente por L-carnitina (p<0.05). El valor del pH del parámetro del gas en sangre se vio significativamente afectado por la suplementación con L-carnitina en los pollos de engorde con ascitis. El valor del pH del gas en la sangre aumentó significativamente con la suplementación de 100 mg/L de L-carnitina en comparación con la del control (p<0.05). Mientras que el pH de la sangre fue de 7.21 en los animales con ascitis, se determinó como 7.48 en animales sanos. Las concentraciones de SO2 y ctO2 fueron mayores en animales sanos, mientras que las concentraciones de ctCO2P y hemoglobina fueron mayores en animales ascíticos (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Las tasas de mortalidad por ascitis a partir del grupo control se calcularon respectivamente como %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67 y 28.33. 76.71% de las muertes totales de ascitis fueron en la quinta semana. Se concluyó que dosis bajas de suplementos de L-carnitina pueden tener efectos positivos en los pollos de engorde criados a gran altitude.

Effects of essence oil additives added to different feeds on methane production / Efectos sobre la producción de metano de los aceites esencias añadiendo diferentes aditivos

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values (p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.

RESUMEN Objectivo. El objectivo del presente estudio es determin que el efecto de diferentes suplementos de aceite de esencia de la planta es de TMR, concentrado y heno en la metanogénesis ya los 2, 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica in vitro de producciόn de gas en los bovinos. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistulados se utilizaron para la acumulación de líquido ruminal para la aplicación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gas en. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T.vulgaris, O.vulgare, S.aromaticum, Z.officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La administración de suplementos de aceite de esencia, particularmente a elevadas dosis, disminoyó significativamente la producción de metano de TMR, se concentran y heno a las 8 y las 24 h en comparación con los grupos negativos y positivos de control (p<0.05). Entre todos los extractos de plantas, Syzgium 200 suplementación ppm de corrientes de aire los valores de producción de metano màs bajas (p<0.05). Mientras que la producción de metano a las 24 h en los grupos de control positivos, respectivamente, como 10.45, 10.75 y 10.07 am para TMR, concentrarse y heno, los valores de Syzygium grupo de 200 ppm se registraron, respectivamente 1.65, 3.28 y 1.98 para los thes grupos alimentar. Conclusiones. Los resultados del estudio indican que las dosis elevadas de suplementos de aceite de esencia para disminuir significativamanente la producción de metano en rumiantes. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que el aceite de esencia será altamente beneficioso en la nutrición de rumiantes.

The effects of scalpel, harmonic scalpel and monopolar electrocautery on the healing of colonic anastomosis after colonic resection.

PURPOSE: In our study, the effects of harmonic scalpel, scalpel, and monopolar electrocautery usage on the health and healing of colon anastomosis after resection was investigated. METHODS: In this study, 120 female albino Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups each containing 40 rats. Group A, resection with scalpel; group B, resection with monopolar electrocautery; group C, resection with harmonic scalpel. The groups were divided into 4 subgroups consisting of 10 rats and analysed in the postoperative 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. Anastomotic bursting pressures, hydroxyproline levels and histopathological parameters were surrogate parameters for evaluating wound healing. RESULTS: The tissue hydroxyproline levels did not show any significant difference between the groups and subgroups. The mean bursting pressure of group A on the 5th day was significantly higher than groups B and C (P < 0.001). When the fibroblast and fibrosis scores were evaluated, scores of group C on the 5th day were significantly higher than the other groups, but the results of bursting pressures and biochemical parameters did not support the fibroblast and fibrosis scores. There were not any significant differences between the groups in other histopathologic parameters. CONCLUSION: The use of monopolar electrocautery needs more attention since the device causes tissue destruction. The obliterating effect of harmonic scalpel on luminal organs is an important problem, especially if an anastomosis is planned. Despite the disadvantages of scalpel, its efficacy on early wound healing is better than the other devices.

Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production / La eficacia de los suplementos de aceite de esencia en la producción de ácidos grasos volátiles

Objective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect.

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de los suplementos de algunos extractos de plantas a Ración Total Mezclada (TMR), concentrado y heno sobre los ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) a las 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica de producción de gas in vitro en el ganado bovino. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistuladas se utilizaron para la recogida de fluido ruminal y aplicar la técnica in vitro de producción de gas. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La suplementación de aceite esenciales a los grupos de alimentos estudiados tuvieron efecto significativo sólo en C2 / nivel C3 VFA a las 8 h en todos los grupos de alimentos (p<0.05). El C2 / nivel C3 VFA a las 8 h aumentó significativamente en los grupos con suplementación de orégano 25 ppm de la RTM y concentrado y en los grupos con suplementación de Timol a 25 ppm para el heno. El C3 nivel de VFA en 8 h aumentó significativamente en el grupo que recibió suplementación de Syzygium a razón de 200 ppm para el heno. Los diferentes extractos de plantas suplementadas con RTM, concentrado y heno afectó significativamente los niveles de C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 y C2/C3 VFA a las 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Los hallasgos del estudio indican que las dosis moderadas de extractos de plantas incrementan los niveles de AGV en rumiantes, mientras que dosis más altas producen el efecto contrario.

Is there any effect of coenzyme Q10 on prevention of myringosclerosis? Experimental study with rats.

UNLABELLED: Recent studies have shown that the formation of myringosclerosis could be reduced by the application of antioxidant enzymes and elements. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis. METHOD: Forty-eight healthy female wistar albino rats were bilaterally myringotomized and divided into four groups randomly. Group A received no treatment, group B was administered oral coenzyme Q10. Group C was treated with topical saline solution, group D received topically coenzyme Q10. On the 15th day of treatment, tympanic membranes were examined by otomicroscopy. Myringosclerotic lesions were documented semiquantitatively by using 4-point scale. After harvesting tympanic membranes were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS: In group D (topical coenzyme Q10), we observed otitis within the first four days of the study and this group was excluded from the study. Regarding otomicroscopic examinations, there were no significant differences among groups in myringosclerosis formation (p = 0.241). When group A (non treatment) compared to groups B and C regarding histopathologic examination, the results demonstrated statistical significant differences (p = 0.004; p < 0.001), respectively. There was no statisticaly significant difference between groups B and C (p = 0.160). CONCLUSION: Oral administration of coenzyme Q10 did not reduce myringosclerosis formation in myringotomized rats.

A coenzima Q10 produz efeito sobre a prevenção da miringoesclerose?: Estudo experimental com ratos / Is there any effect of coenzyme Q10 on prevention of myringosclerosis?: Experimental study with rats

Estudos recentes demonstram que a formação de miringoesclerose pode ser reduzida pela aplicação de enzimas e elementos antioxidantes. OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficácia da coenzima Q10 na prevenção de miringoesclerose experimentalmente induzida. MÉTODO: Quarenta e oito ratas Wistar albinas saudáveis sofreram miringotomia e foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. O Grupo A não recebeu tratamento algum; o Grupo B recebeu coenzima Q10 por via oral; o Grupo C foi tratado com soro fisiológico tópico; e o Grupo D recebeu coenzima Q10 tópica. No 15º dia de tratamento, as membranas timpânicas foram examinadas por otomicroscopia. As lesões miringoescleróticas foram documentadas de forma semiquantitativa por meio de uma escala de quatro pontos. Após a coleta, as membranas timpânicas foram avaliadas por histopatologia. RESULTADOS: No grupo D (coenzima Q10 tópica) foi observada a ocorrência de otite nos primeiros quatro dias do estudo, o que levou à sua exclusão do estudo. O exame de otomicroscopia não revelou diferenças significativas entre grupos em termos de formação de miringoesclerose (p = 0,241). Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observada quando os exames histopatológicos do grupo A foram comparados aos dos grupos B e C (p = 0,004; p < 0,001, respectivamente). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos B e C (p = 0,160). CONCLUSÃO: A administração oral de coenzima Q10 não reduziu a formação de miringoesclerose nos ratos submetidos à miringotomia.

Recent studies have shown that the formation of myringosclerosis could be reduced by the application of antioxidant enzymes and elements. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis. METHOD: Forty-eight healthy female wistar albino rats were bilaterally myringotomized and divided into four groups randomly. Group A received no treatment, group B was administered oral coenzyme Q10. Group C was treated with topical saline solution, group D received topically coenzyme Q10. On the 15th day of treatment, tympanic membranes were examined by otomicroscopy. Myringosclerotic lesions were documented semiquantitatively by using 4-point scale. After harvesting tympanic membranes were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS: In group D (topical coenzyme Q10), we observed otitis within the first four days of the study and this group was excluded from the study. Regarding otomicroscopic examinations, there were no significant differences among groups in myringosclerosis formation (p = 0.241). When group A (non treatment) compared to groups B and C regarding histopathologic examination, the results demonstrated statistical significant differences (p = 0.004; p < 0.001), respectively. There was no statisticaly significant difference between groups B and C (p = 0.160). CONCLUSION: Oral administration of coenzyme Q10 did not reduce myringosclerosis formation in myringotomized rats.

Antioxidant role of selenium in rats with experimental acute otitis media.

The aim of this prospective experimental animal study was to determine whether selenium had a protective effect on oxidative stress in rats with acute otitis media, by measuring the alterations of antioxidant parameters and lipid peroxidation on days 4 and 10 after inoculation into the middle ear. Streptococcus pneumoniae was inoculated into the middle ear cavities of 32 rats in animal laboratory of a tertiary medical center. Group 1 served as the control group and the animals were administered 1.5 ml/day saline. Group 2 received 0.2 mg/kg/day oral selenium for 10 days. The blood samples of each group were obtained on post-inoculation days 4 and 10. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, albumin, total sulphydryl, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were investigated. Day 10 level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in group 2 was lower than the day 4 level of the same substance in the control group. Although glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels significantly decreased starting from 4th day until 10th day in group 1, their levels increased in group 2. Day 10 levels of albumin and total sulphydryl in group 1 were significantly higher than day 4 levels in group 2. We found that selenium supplementation for 10 days decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels when compared to the control group. We believe that selenium supplementation may be beneficial to prevent the clinical sequelae and recurrence of otitis media.