WHOLE SEQUENCING OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME OF BREAST CANCER TISSUE IN MEXICAN-MESTIZO POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT BODY MASS INDEX.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial and oxidative stress has been related to obesity and breast cancer being this cancer more frequent and more aggressive in postmenopausal women with obesity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women with breast cancer and obesity present different somatic mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) when compared to women with normal body mass index (BMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included six Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women bearing breast cancer and who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. BMI was determined in each case. Patients' genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes and tumor tissue samples. Whole mtDNA sequence was determined by MitoChip v2.0 mitochondrial resequencing array, and data were analyzed using the GeneChip Sequence Analysis Software. Tumor mtDNA sequence was compared with matched leukocyte mtDNA sequence. RESULTS: Three women had a normal BMI and three presented obesity. Overall, we found 64 genetic variants: 53.1% were somatic mutations and 46.9% were polymorphisms; 44.1% were in the non-coding region and 55.9% were in genes that encode for mitochondrial proteins. Among the somatic mutations, 67.7% were in patients with normal BMI and 32.3% in patients with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a higher frequency of mitochondrial somatic mutations in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and obesity compared to those with normal BMI. However, results could be due to the small number of women studied.

Whole sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of breast cancer tissue in Mexican-mestizo postmenopausal women with different body mass index

Abstract Background Mitochondrial and oxidative stress has been related to obesity and breast cancer being this cancer more frequent and more aggressive in postmenopausal women with obesity. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women with breast cancer and obesity present different somatic mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) when compared to women with normal body mass index (BMI). Subjects and Methods We included six Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women bearing breast cancer and who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. BMI was determined in each case. Patients’ genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes and tumor tissue samples. Whole mtDNA sequence was determined by MitoChip v2.0 mitochondrial resequencing array, and data were analyzed using the GeneChip Sequence Analysis Software. Tumor mtDNA sequence was compared with matched leukocyte mtDNA sequence. Results Three women had a normal BMI and three presented obesity. Overall, we found 64 genetic variants: 53.1% were somatic mutations and 46.9% were polymorphisms; 44.1% were in the non-coding region and 55.9% were in genes that encode for mitochondrial proteins. Among the somatic mutations, 67.7% were in patients with normal BMI and 32.3% in patients with obesity. Conclusions We did not find a higher frequency of mitochondrial somatic mutations in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and obesity compared to those with normal BMI. However, results could be due to the small number of women studied.

Complete sequence of the ATP6 and ND3 mitochondrial genes in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with different body mass indexes.

Due to the fact that mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress have been related with obesity and breast cancer is more aggressive in women with obesity, we investigated if postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with breast cancer presented somatic mutations in the sequence of the ATP6 and/or ND3 genes. Twenty one postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy or breast conserving surgery were studied. Height and weight were used to calculate body mass index. DNA from tumor tissue samples and blood leukocytes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced the ATP6 and ND3 mitochondrial genes. Ages ranged from 46 to 82. According to World Health Organization criteria among the 21 women, 7 had a normal BMI, 7 were overweight and 7 had obesity. In regard to the molecular study, after sequencing the coding region of ATP6 and ND3 genes of the DNA obtained from both leukocytes and tumor tissue, we did not find somatic mutations. All of the changes that we found in both genes were polymorphisms: in ATP6, we identified in ten patients 3 non-synonymous nucleotide changes and in ND3 we observed that six patients presented polymorphisms, three of them were synonymous and two non-synonymous. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report where the complete sequence of the ATP6 and ND3 genes has been analyzed in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with breast cancer and diverse BMI. Our results differ with those reported in Caucasian and Asian populations, possibly due to ethnic differences.

Nasopharyngeal aspirate cytokine levels 1 yr after severe respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of recurrent wheezing in infants. Nevertheless, the link between RSV infection and wheezing has yet to be elucidated at the molecular level. Here, we present a preliminary study on the evolution of the immune response in the respiratory tract at long-term after RSV infection. Twenty-seven immune mediators were profiled in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) obtained from 20 children hospitalized due to a severe infection by RSV at discharge from hospital and again 1 yr later. The same mediators were profiled in parallel in NPAs from 12 healthy controls. In the year following discharge, 85% (17/20) of children of the RSV group suffered at least one episode of wheezing documented by the pediatrician. On the contrary, wheezing episodes were observed only in 25% (3/12) of children in the control group. While most of the mediators profiled returned to normal levels by 1 yr after discharge from hospital, RSV children showed a persistent nasal hyper-secretion of VEGF, G-CSF, IL-10, IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-7 and IL-13. In previous works VEGF, IL-10 and IFN-gamma have been put in relation with the pathogenesis of post-virus induced asthma. G-CSF, IL-6, IL-7 and IL-13 are increased in respiratory and plasma samples of asthmatic patients. Here, we evidence for the first time a persistent elevation of these mediators as late as 1 yr after severe RSV disease resolution, reinforcing their possible implication in the pathogenesis of wheezing.

[Microbiological diagnosis of viral respiratory infections]. / Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones virales respiratorias.

Acute respiratory infection is the most common disease occurring over a person's lifetime, with etiological variations determined mainly by age, environmental circumstances, the healthcare setting, and the underlying pathology. More than 200 different viruses distributed in six viral families have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infection. These facts are generating an increasing diagnostic demand that should be incorporated into the healthcare setting without delay. To meet this demand, the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology has updated its Standard Procedure for the microbiological diagnosis of viral respiratory infection. This document contains an update primarily of infections caused by influenza viruses, and secondarily, infections due to other conventional and emerging respiratory viruses. In all cases, the methods for direct virological diagnosis (cell culture, and detection of antigens and nucleic acid) are reviewed, with special reference to techniques for molecular detection and genetic characterization.

Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones virales respiratorias / Microbiological diagnosis of viral respiratory infections

La infección respiratoria aguda es la enfermedad más frecuente a lo largo de toda la vida del ser humano, con una variación en cuanto a su etiología condicionada, fundamentalmente, por la edad, las circunstancias medioambientales, el ámbito asistencial y la enfermedad de base. Se han identificado más de 200 virus diferentes distribuidos en seis familias implicados en la patogenia de las infecciones del tracto respiratorio. Estos hechos generan una demanda diagnóstica, cuya incorporación al ámbito asistencial no debe ser retrasada. Consciente de ello la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica ha redactado un procedimiento sobre diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones virales respiratorias. En éste se efectúa una puesta al día de las infecciones debidas, en primer término, a los virus de la gripe y, en segundo lugar, a otros virus respiratorios convencionales y emergentes. En todos los casos se revisan los métodos de diagnóstico virológico directo (cultivo celular, detección de antígenos y de ácido nucleico), con particular referencia a las técnicas de detección molecular y de caracterización genética (AU)

Acute respiratory infection is the most common disease occurring over a person's lifetime, with etiological variations determined mainly by age, environmental circumstances, the healthcare setting, and the underlying pathology. More than 200 different viruses distributed in six viral families have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infection. These facts are generating an increasing diagnostic demand that should be incorporated into the healthcare setting without delay. To meet this demand, the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology has updated its Standard Procedure for the microbiological diagnosis of viral respiratory infection. This document contains an update primarily of infections caused by influenza viruses, and secondarily, infections due to other conventional and emerging respiratory viruses. In all cases, the methods for direct virological diagnosis (cell culture, and detection of antigens and nucleic acid) are reviewed, with special reference to techniques for molecular detection and genetic characterization (AU)

Infección simultánea por virus gripales B y C en el contexto de la vigilancia virológica de la gripe / Simultaneous infection for influenzavirus B and C in the context of the influenza virological surveillance

No disponible

No disponible

Similar cytokine profiles in response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus type a and type B in the upper respiratory tract in infants.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of severe respiratory illness in infants and young children worldwide. RSV isolates can be divided into 2 subgroups, type A and type B. Here, we compare for the first time the nasal profiles of 27 immune mediators in response to both viral subtypes in 14 children infected with RSV/A, 8 children infected with RSV/B, 11 children coinfected with RSV/A plus other respiratory viruses, and finally, 27 control children, all <2 years old. Our results evidence that children's infection with both RSV subtypes induces very similar profiles of immune mediators in the upper respiratory tract, characterized by the elevation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Interestingly, no major differences in the profiles of the immune mediators were found between the children infected exclusively with RSV/A and those infected with RSV/A plus other respiratory viruses.

Informe del primer taller de agentes comunitarios de salud; proyecto piloto AIEPI comunitario / Report of the first workshop of community health workers; project pilot community

La atención con el AIEPI clínico esta restringida a los servicios de salud, no existiendo un componente para la atención nivel comunitario, que se ve reflejada en los pocos cambios que se observa en los indicadores de salud y nutrición. Ante esta situación surge la iniciativa del AIEPI comunitario como un componente del AIEPI