RESUMO
El objetivo es abordar la importancia del uso de la toxina botulínica para corregir la sonrisa gingival, demostrando la satisfacción del paciente, aunque el efecto sea temporal y reversible, evitando procedimientos invasivos. Se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Bireme, los términos utilizados en la investiga- ción fueron: sonrisa gingival y toxina botulínica o sonrisa gingival y estética. Los criterios de inclusión fueron una revisión de literatura de casos clínicos de pacientes con sonrisa gingival publicados entre 2015 y mayo de 2019. Esta revisión aborda la aplicación de la toxina botulínica para devolver una sonrisa armoniosa y hermosa al paciente, ya que es una alternativa viable, eficiente, menos invasiva y segura. La práctica de la aplicación de toxina botulínica puede ser un complemento útil para mejorar la estética y mejorar la satisfacción del paciente en relación a la sonrisa gingival sin realizar procedimientos invasivos, es decir, cuando está debidamente indicado, pudiendo reemplazar o agregar procedimientos quirúrgicos.
The objective was to address the importance of using botulinum toxin to correct gummy smile, showing patient satisfaction even if the effect is temporary and reversible, avoiding invasive procedures. A bibliographic survey was carried out in the databases PubMed, LILACS and Bireme, the terms used in the research were gummy smile and botulinum toxin or gummy smile and aesthetic. The inclusion criteria were a review of the literature of clinical cases of patients with with a gummy smile published between 2015 and May 2019. This review addressed the application of botulinum toxin to give the patient a beautiful and harmonious smile, as it is a viable, efficient, less invasive and safe alterna- tive. The practice of applying botulinum toxin can be a useful complement to improve patient satisfaction with a gummy smile without undergoing invasive procedures, that is, when well indicated, being able to replace or complement surgical procedures.
RESUMO
The stem structure of two cassava cultivars, UnB 99 and UnB 110, known for being adapted to humid conditions and tolerant to drought, respectively, and of a wild species, Manihot glaziovii, was examined anatomically. Free-hand sections of secondary stems were made, clarified with 50% sodium hypochlorite solution, stained with 1% alcian-blue safranin, and then passed through an ethanol series and butyl acetate, followed by mounting in synthetic resin. M. glaziovii stems had dense prismatic and druse crystals in the cortical parenchyma, along with abundant gelatinous fibers. The pericycle fibers also had thicker walls. An absence of crystals, offset by abundant starch, was observed in clone UnB 99. In M. glaziovii, abundant tyloses were found in vessel elements; these were rare in clones UnB 99 and UnB 110. The wild species had larger vascular vessels; the secondary xylem showed very little starch, unlike UnB 99 and UnB 110. In clone UnB 110, starch was observed in the cortical region, and medulla and gelatinous fibers were found in the pericycle and secondary xylem. Brown stem color was found to be associated with tolerance to drought.
Assuntos
Secas , Genes de Plantas , Manihot/genética , Caules de Planta/fisiologia , Brasil , DNA de Plantas , Genótipo , Umidade , Especificidade da Espécie , Amido/química , Xilema/metabolismoRESUMO
We examined the stem anatomy of Manihot esculenta Crantz and its hybrid with M. oligantha Pax. Cross-sections were stained with safranin-alcian blue. Manihot esculenta and its hybrid were found to have the same vascular structure in bicollateral bundles with internal phloem, which has been associated with drought resistance in other plant groups. If this association is established for cassava, it would facilitate the selection of lines that are more adapted to arid regions. This is the first report of internal phloem in this genus.