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Invasive fungal infection is a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy and neutropaenia in the haematology population. Trichoderma species rarely cause human disease but have been reported to cause invasive infection in the immunosuppressed. We present a case of invasive Trichoderma longibrachiatum pulmonary infection with fatal outcome in a neutropaenic patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Soil transmitted helminths (STH) continue to be associated with high burdens of disease, with an estimated 1.45 billion people infected with STH globally. The promotion and construction of latrines is considered the first barrier to prevent transmission of STH. The absence of a reliable method to extract STH ova from soil makes it challenging to examine whether the use of latrines may or may not have an effect on environmental contamination with ova. The present study evaluated the recovery rate of a method developed to extract STH ova from soil. METHODS: The adapted centrifugation and flotation technique was applied to 15 soil types, which were seeded with Ascaris suum ova. Soil type, soil moisture content, soil texture and organic matter content were assessed for each soil sample. RESULTS: The average ova recovery rate was 28.2%, with the recovery rate of the method decreasing with increasing soil moisture content, particle size and organic matter content. The association between recovery rate and organic matter content was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified a low recovery rate for an adapted centrifugation-flotation method, although this was similar to the recovery rate demonstrated by other methods developed for soil. Soil organic matter content was significantly associated with ova recovery rates.
Assuntos
Ascaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Centrifugação/métodos , Helmintíase/transmissão , Saneamento/métodos , Solo , Banheiros , Animais , Helmintos , Humanos , Óvulo , População RuralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the criterion standard for assessing new interventions. However, bias can result from poor reporting, which also makes critical appraisal and systematic review challenging. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria for nonpharmacological trials published in 2008 provided a set of 23 mandatory items that should be reported in an RCT. This is the first study to assess the compliance of RCTs in trauma with the CONSORT criteria for nonpharmacological trials. METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched using the MeSH term wounds and injuries for English-language articles published between January 2009 and December 2011. Relevant articles were scored by two reviewers and compared against surrogate markers of article quality (such as journal impact factor). RESULTS: Eighty-three articles were deemed suitable for inclusion. The mean CONSORT score was 11.2 of 23 items (49%; range, 3.38-18.17). Compliance was poorest for items relating to the adherence of care providers (0%), abstract (5%), and implementation of randomization (6%). Only 40% declared conflicts of interest, 73% declared permission from an ethics review committee, 43% declared sources of funding, and 10% stated a trial registry number. There was a significant correlation between the CONSORT score and the impact factor of the publishing journal (ρ = 0.37, p = 0.0006) but not for the number of patients or authors or single versus multicentre trials CONCLUSION: The reporting quality of RCTs in trauma surgery needs improvement. We suggest ways by which this could be improved including the following: better education, awareness, and a cohesive strategy among all stakeholders and the hard wiring of compliance through electronic journal submission systems.