RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The APOE epsilon4 allele is a well-established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. This disease is characterized by a typical progressive cognitive impairment pattern, different from that of other primary dementias such as dementia with Lewy bodies or frontotemporal and vascular dementias, for which there are no conclusive results on the influence of the APOE genotype. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to study how the APOE genotype associates with different dementia types, and the association of this genotype with mild cognitive impairment and age related cognitive decline, which might be stages in a continuum between normality and dementia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From a group of 1,022 people we selected 733 patients with different dementia diagnosis and 205 controls. APOE genotype for each participant in the study was determined. RESULTS: As it was already known, the epsilon4 allele is associated to senile Alzheimer's disease (OR= 5.6; 95% CI= 3.6-8.9; p< 0.001) and presenile Alzheimer's disease (OR= 5.4; 95% CI= 2.1-13.8; p< 0.001). It is also associated to mild cognitive impairment (OR= 3.7; 95% CI= 2.3-6.0; p< 0.001) and to age related cognitive decline (OR= 3.0; 95% CI= 1.2-7.3; p< 0.01). Female Alzheimer patients with at least one epsilon4 allele present significantly an earlier age at onset (epsilon4+= 73.4 +/- 5.4; epsilon4- = 76.9 +/- 5.5; p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: The APOE genotype is associated to Alzheimer's disease and to its cognitive impairment pattern. This association has a growing value according to the degree of clinical impairment. The APOE genotype could be used in differential diagnostic of cognitive impairment.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/genética , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Demência/genética , Demência/fisiopatologia , Idade de Início , Idoso , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Apolipoproteína E4 , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Demência/classificação , Demência/diagnóstico , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
One of the greatest problems for parents who have a child with a developmental disability is a lack of access to information. Parents have a critical need to learn the specifics of their child's disability, the best treatment practices, and how the broader service delivery system works (Bradley, 1992; Rinck, Calkins, Green, & Stadler, 1986). The Missouri Developmental Disabilities Resource Center Web site [http:/(/)www.moddrc.com] was created as an innovative method of meeting the information needs of this underserved population. Challenges to the adoption of this innovative model are highlighted, and some options for addressing these issues are discussed.
Assuntos
Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Centros de Informação , Internet , Pais , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , MissouriRESUMO
The reliability and validity of the trait form of the sixth-grade version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R6) have been demonstrated for sixth- and seventh-grade public school students and patients at a mental health clinic. In this study, norms for the MAACL-R6 with middle and high school students (grades 6-12) were investigated.
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Afeto , Testes Psicológicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , PsicometriaRESUMO
It is widely believed that the family plays an etiologically significant role in somatization. Although research indicates many high symptom reporters come from dysfunctional homes, very little is known about the more specific aspects of daily family functioning that may heighten the risk of physical symptomatology at different developmental levels. Accordingly, we report findings on the relationship between ten dimensions of family-of-origin environment and physical health complaints in 933 children, adolescents, and young adults in junior high, high, and undergraduate school (grades 6-16). Results indicated that certain aspects of family life may combine to heighten the risk of somatic complaints for youth at different developmental levels. The implications of these findings are discussed and directions for future research are noted.
Assuntos
Família/psicologia , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Meio Social , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Filho de Pais com Deficiência/psicologia , Mecanismos de Defesa , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The developmental transition between adolescence and early adulthood represents a high-risk period for the onset of somatization. Although research has lagged clinical work in this area, it has long been believed that, for somatizing youth, physical complaints are best conceptualized as a defense against negative affect. Recent adult-oriented research, however, suggests that somatic complaints may be better conceptualized on a continuum, with physical complaints covarying with overt psychological symptomatology. To explore these hypotheses systematically, the authors studied the relationship between multiple dimensions of psychological distress and somatic complaints in undergraduate students. Higher levels of physical symptom reporting were associated with complaints of more overt psychological distress, a finding that was consistent with a continuum perspective. The implications of these results for understanding somatization in college student populations and for university-based healthcare are discussed.
Assuntos
Afeto/fisiologia , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Análise de Regressão , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Considerable research has established that a relationship exists between demographics, emotions, and physical health complaints. Much less is known about the association between demographics, affect, and actual health behaviors, particularly in youngsters. Accordingly, this paper presents findings on the relationship between affect, demographics, and health-related lifestyle among 139 public high school students, a population generally believed to be at high risk for the development of detrimental health habits. Covariation between affect, health practices, and demographics was examined using stepwise multiple regression analyses which revealed distinctive demographic and affective correlates of different health behaviors. The implications of these results are discussed and directions for future research are noted.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Afeto , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade , Fatores Sexuais , Classe SocialRESUMO
The MAACL-R scores of 139 middle and senior high public school students (76 females, 63 males) were compared with those of 403 parochial school students (196 females and 207 males). Parochial school students scored significantly higher on depression, hostility, and dysphoria, and significantly lower on positive affect and overall positive mood. Possible explanations for this pattern are discussed.
Assuntos
Afeto , Instituições Acadêmicas/classificação , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Animais , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade , Coelhos , Religião e PsicologiaRESUMO
Over the past decade, univariate studies have identified peer-rated popularity/sociability as a correlate of individual health practices (e.g., alcohol and drug use, exercise habits). Yet, the relationship between multiple health habits and broader social competencies rarely has been systematically examined. Accordingly, using a multivariate approach, the present study investigated the relative influence of background characteristics (i.e., age, gender, race, family type, and socioeconomic status) and peer status on health-related behaviors (i.e., physical activity, eating habits, smoking, alcohol use, and stress-related behaviors) in 589 junior high school students (ages 11-13). In this sample, peer popularity provided no significant increment in the prediction of health habits over and above the effects explained by demographics. These results are consistent with current perspectives on health and interpersonal behaviors, and have important practical implications for the initiation and maintenance of healthful and risky practices in the natural environment.
Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Grupo Associado , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Classe Social , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Considerable evidence documents the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors in children; yet, very little is known about the covariation of children's health practices. Accordingly, using a multivariate and developmental perspective, the present research examines the interrelationships among multiple health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, eating habits, smoking, alcohol use, and stress-related behaviors) in 1,092 predominantly low-socioeconomic status, rural schoolchildren (ages 11-18, grades 6-12). Our data provide support for a multidimensional view of children's health habits and suggest that patterns of interrelationships may vary at different developmental levels. Implications of these results are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.