RESUMO
Salivary excretion of rabies virus was evaluated in 14 adult vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) intramuscularly injected with a large dose (10(6) MICLD50) of vampire rabies virus variant CASS88. Saliva samples were obtained from surviving bats every other day for 30 days, then weekly for 2 months, and finally 1 and 2 years later. Rabies virus was isolated in murine neuroblastoma cells and in randomly selected cases by PCR. Rabies virus was not detected in the saliva of any of the 11 animals that succumbed (somewhat early) to rabies challenge, nor in the control bats. In contrast, virus was detected early, and only once (days 6, 6 and 21) in each of the three animals that survived rabies challenge and remained healthy for at least 2 years after challenge. At that time even vigorous dexamethasone and cyclosporine administration failed to provoke further viral excretion.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/virologia , Vírus da Raiva/patogenicidade , Raiva/veterinária , Saliva/virologia , Animais , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Raiva/virologiaRESUMO
A 44-year-old man was treated successfully for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) ventriculitis with intrathecal quinupristin-dalfopristin 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg, and other intravenous antibiotics. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected before and after the 1-mg and 2-mg doses to determine the concentrations of quinupristin-dalfopristin and its active metabolites. Concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration for VREF immediately after unclamping the extraventricular drain and were quantifiable for at least 7 hours.
Assuntos
Encefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Enterococcus faecalis , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Virginiamicina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adulto , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/efeitos adversos , Encefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite/etiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Resistência a Vancomicina , Virginiamicina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The bactericidal activities and postantibiotic effects (PAE) of clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate against Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were determined. A concentration of twice the MIC resulted in bactericidal activity against four of four and three of four organisms at 24 h with clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. The PAE of clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin was 1.44 to 3.20 h, compared to the less than 1 h of amoxicillin-clavulanate. Clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin possesses good activity against susceptible anaerobes.
