Morphological analysis of aqueous humor drainage using QD nanoparticles and indocyanine green.

This study represents the first morphological description of the lymphatic drainage of the ciliary body in vivo by comparative hyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniques of Quantum Qdot655 (QD) nanoparticles and indocyanine green (ICG). A volume of 1.25 µl of QD was injected into the left anterior camera of all rats. Similarly,1.25 µl of ICG diluted at a ratio of one-fourth with physiological saline solution was injected into the right anterior camera of all rats. The thickness of the skin in the mandibular area, connective tissue, and the depth of the mandibular lymph node (MLN) made image retrieval difficult. For QD, 302 nm UV excitation and 605 nm fluorescence peak emission were applied. The detection of QD and ICG used in this study in the MLNs is definitive evidence that aqueous humor (AH) follows a uveolymphatic pathway. Scanning electron microscope and the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer spectrum were used to examine both the Schlemm's canal and the MLN. For the first time, the QD was detected in the cortex of MLN. The QCM analysis of both QD-AH and ICG-AH was used to determine whether there was any interaction between them. This comparative study shows the importance of experimental animal modeling in pharmacological studies regarding eye research and drugs. In a female rat, the signal was taken from the parotid lymph node with QD injections.

Application of quantum dot-based biosensor to the conjunctiva in Wistar albino rats.

This study was conducted to get an idea about the distribution of the lymphatic fluid in conjunctiva throughout the body parts. For this purpose, Qdot655 (QD), fluorescence nanoparticles, spread onto the conjunctiva were used on Wistar albino rats. Drainage of QD particles from conjunctiva was followed up via fluorescence images at different hours on body parts such as eye, ears, forearms, hind legs and tails. The first fluorescence signals within the 30th minutes following administration of QD were observed in the nasal region and the anterior extremities. Whereas within 60th minutes following QD spread, fluorescent signals were obtained from the ears, forearms, hind legs and tail of the female and male rats.

Dietary nitrate and nitrite levels in an endemic upper gastrointestinal (esophageal and gastric) cancer region of Turkey.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was investigate nitrate and nitrite levels in some traditional foods and drinking water in Van, an endemic upper gastrointestinal (esophageal and gastric) cancer region of Eastern Turkey. METHODS: Cheese with added herbs, drinking water, bread baked by wood fire and bread baked by burning animal manure specimens collected in the Van region were analyzed by Stahr's modification method. Nitrite was reduced to nitrate by the following three reagents: hydrazine sulphate ((NH2) 2SO4), CuSO4 and NaOH. Nitrate was then determined by coupling reagent containing sulphanlyamide, phosphoric acid and N-1-naphtyl ethylendiamine dihydrochloride. RESULTS: Nitrate and nitrite levels of all traditional foods and nitrite levels of drinking water were very significantly elevated compared to standard values (p<0.001- 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the influence of a traditional diet rich in nitrate and nitrite is significant in the development of endemic upper gastrointestinal (esophageal and gastric) cancers in the Van region of Turkey.