Hair follicle neogenesis induced by cultured human scalp dermal papilla cells.

AIM: To develop a method by which human hair follicle dermal papilla (DP) cells can be expanded in vitro while preserving their hair-inductive potential for use in follicular cell implantation, a cellular therapy for the treatment of hair loss. MATERIALS & METHODS: DP cells were isolated from scalp hair follicles in biopsies from human donors. DP cell cultures were established under conditions that preserved their hair-inductive potential and allowed for significant expansion. The hair-inductive potential of cells cultured for approximately 36 doublings was tested in an in vivo flap-graft model. In some experiments, DiI was used to label cells prior to grafting. RESULTS: Under the culture conditions developed, cultures established from numerous donors reproducibly resulted in an expansion that averaged approximately five population doublings per passage. Furthermore, the cells consistently induced hair formation in an in vivo graft assay. Grafted DP cells appeared in DP structures of newly formed hairs, as well as in the dermal sheath and in the dermis surrounding follicles. Induced hair follicles persisted and regrew after being plucked 11 months after grafting. CONCLUSION: A process for the propagation of human DP cells has been developed that provides significant expansion of cells and maintenance of their hair-inductive capability, overcoming a major technical obstacle in the development of follicular cell implantation as a treatment for hair loss.

Hair morphogenesis in vitro: formation of hair structures suitable for implantation.

AIM: To develop a construct through which implanted follicular cells will efficiently cause hair regeneration for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. MATERIALS & METHODS: Follicular dermal and epidermal cells isolated from embryonic mouse skin were formed into aggregates. The aggregates were incubated in culture for 5-7 days and then implanted intradermally into athymic mice. RESULTS: During culture, mixed cell aggregates developed into hair-like structures, termed 'proto-hairs'. Proto-hairs contained structures that resembled normal hair components, such as dermal papillae, hair matrix and rudimentary hair shafts. When implanted into mouse skin, they developed further into mature hair follicles capable of prolonged growth. CONCLUSION: Mixed aggregates of murine follicular cells have the ability to develop in culture into proto-hairs that retain the ability to fully develop into hair follicles after implantation. Proto-hairs from human cells could provide a convenient and practical means by which follicular cells could be implanted for efficient hair regeneration to treat hair loss.

A graft model for hair development.

Follicular cell implantation (FCI) is an experimental cell therapy for the treatment of hair loss that uses cultured hair follicle cells to induce new hair formation. This treatment is based on the demonstration that adult dermal papilla cells (DPC) retain the hair inductive capacity they acquired during hair morphogenesis in the embryo. For FCI, hair inductive cells are isolated from scalp biopsies and then propagated in culture in order to provide enough cells to generate many new follicles from a few donor follicles. Following expansion in culture, the cells are implanted into the scalp where they induce the formation of new follicles. Because the process relies on the ability to retain the potential for hair induction during the expansion of DPC in culture, we sought a consistent, reliable and easily performed in vivo assay in which to test hair induction. In this study, we describe a simple graft model that supports hair morphogenesis. The assay combines dermal cells with embryonic mouse epidermis that provides the keratinocyte component of induced follicles. The grafts are placed under a protective skin flap in the host athymic mouse where the cells will form a skin graft with hair if the dermal cells are hair inductive DPC. Using the assay, freshly isolated and cultured mouse embryo dermal cells as well as cultured dermal papilla cells from other species all induced hair formation. The induced hairs were aesthetically indistinguishable from those of the epidermal donor in length, thickness, and pigmentation, and they were histologically normal.