Solar light-driven CeVO4/ZnO nanoheterojunction for the mineralization of Reactive Orange 4.

In this study, we synthesized CeVO4/ZnO nanoheterojunction photocatalyst through hydrothermal-precipitation method. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with elemental color mapping (ECM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-vis-DRS), BET, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The BET surface area of CeVO4/ZnO is 10.50 m2/g. The photocatalytic activity of CeVO4/ZnO nanoheterojunction under solar light was investigated for the degradation of Reactive Orange 4 (RO 4). CeVO4/ZnO has been found to be more effective for mineralization of RO 4 than the prepared ZnO at neutral pH. The addition of TBA (•OH scavenger) contributes a significant decrease in the photodegradation efficiently of the catalyst. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements confirmed the complete mineralization of RO 4. In addition, it found that the photocatalyst was stable and reusable. Graphical abstract.

Crystal structure of (E)-N-[(2-chloro-6-meth-oxy-quinolin-3-yl)methyl-idene]-9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine.

In the title compound, C25H20ClN3O, the C=N bond of the central imine group adopts an E conformation. The mean planes through the essentially planar carbazole [maximum deviation = 0.052 (2)Å] and quinoline [maximum deviation = 0.050 (2) Å] ring systems form a dihedral angle of 50.2 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances ranging from 3.635 (2) to 3.739 (2) Å], forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Crystal structure of (E)-N-(3,3-di-phenyl-allyl-idene)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine.

In the title compound, C29H24N2, the C=N bond of the central imine group adopts an E conformation. The dihedral angles between the mean plane of the essentially planar carbazole ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.039 (2) Å] and the two phenyl rings of the 3,3-di-phenyl-allyl-idene unit are 75.9 (1) and 64.6 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Eco-friendly synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines.

BACKGROUND: Green catalyst fly ash: H2SO4 was prepared by mixing fly ash and sulphuric acid. Microwave irradiations are applied for solid phase cyclization of 5-bromo-2-thienyl chalcones and phenyl hydrazine hydrate in the presence of fly ash: H2SO4 yields, 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines. These pyrazolines were characterized by their physical constants and spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of all synthesized pyrazolines have been studied. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the morphology changes between fly ash and the catalyst fly ash: H2SO4. The SEM photographs with the scale of 1 and 50 µm show the fly-ash particle is corroded by H2SO4 (indicated by arrow mark), and this may be due to dissolution of fly ash by H2SO4. The yields of 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines is more than 75% using this catalyst under microwave heating. All pyrazolines showed moderate activities against antimicrobial strains. CONCLUSION: We have developed an efficient catalytic method for synthesis of 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines by solid phase cyclization using a solvent-free environmentally greener catalyst fly ash: H2SO4 under microwave irradiation between aryl chalcones and hydrazine hydrate. This reaction protocol offers a simple, economical, environment friendly, non-hazardous, easier work-up procedure, and good yields. All synthesized pyrazoline derivatives showed moderate antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal strains.