RESUMO
Fetus acardius amorphus is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the lack of a functional heart, the presence of a bivascular umbilical cord, as well as a developed and organized skeletal system and partially organized inner organs. Fetus acardii mostly occur in multiple gestations. The pathogenesis of this entity is not clarified yet. It has been hypothesized that, although formation of anastomosing vessels between the co-twin and the anomalous embryo as well as reverse directed blood flow within the umbilical arteries of the weaker twin may allow sufficient blood flow to form rudimentary internal organs, it is insufficient to develop a fully functional heart. We had a case of fetus acardius amorphus, where we performed autopsy as well as routine histology assessment to identify different types of tissues. We showed that our fetus acardius amorphus demonstrated histomorphological features of renal tubular dysgenesis, confirmed by lack of proximal tubules, extramedullary hematopoiesis and increased number of smooth muscle actin positive vessels. This is a novel finding and has not been reported previously.
RESUMO
Nedd4 (Nedd4-1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that belongs to the HECT family and comprises a C2-WW(n)-HECT domain architecture. Although it has been reported to regulate growth factor receptors and cellular signaling, its role in cancer development has been controversial, with some studies proposing that it promotes cancer while others suggest it inhibits tumor growth. Here, we tested the effect of Nedd4 on intestinal tumor formation and growth using Nedd4-knockout mice (Nedd4 floxed (fl) mice crossed to villin-Cre mice). Although we find that knockout of Nedd4 on its own does not cause tumor growth, its knockout in the context of Apc+/min-derived colorectal tumors leads to augmentation of tumor growth, suggesting that Nedd4 normally suppresses intestinal WNT signaling and growth of colonic tumors. WNT signaling microarray, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analyses of tumors derived from the Villin-Cre;Nedd4fl/fl;Apc+/min colons demonstrated elevated expression of the WNT upstream effectors LEF1 (full length) and YY1 in these tumors relative to control (Apc+/min alone) tumors. Together, these results suggest that Nedd4 suppresses colonic WNT signaling and tumor growth, at least in part, by suppressing the transcription factors LEF1 and YY1.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Complexos Endossomais de Distribuição Requeridos para Transporte/deficiência , Genes APC , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/deficiência , Animais , Biomarcadores , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Complexos Endossomais de Distribuição Requeridos para Transporte/genética , Complexos Endossomais de Distribuição Requeridos para Transporte/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Genes Reporter , Homozigoto , Imuno-Histoquímica , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Intestinos/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Biológicos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases Nedd4 , Gradação de Tumores , Transdução de Sinais , Carga Tumoral , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização WntRESUMO
Biotrickling filter (BTF) technology was applied for the treatment of waste gas containing a mixture of chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene. An adapted microbial community was immobilised on a structured packing material. The strategy followed was to reach high removal efficiencies at initially low mass loading rates followed by an increase of the latter. This procedure was successful and resulted in a short start-up period of only 2 weeks. A 3-month operation under steady-state conditions showed good performance, with >95% removal efficiency at a mass loading rate of 1,800 g m(-3) day(-1). Dimensionless concentration profiles showed that the chlorobenzenes were simultaneously degraded. Low dissolved organic carbon of 15 mg l(-1) and stoichiometric chloride concentrations in the trickling liquid indicated complete mineralisation of the pollutant. Transient-state experiments with five times higher mass loading rates caused a decrease in the removal efficiency that recovered rapidly once the mass loading rate returned to its original steady-state level. A progressive increase of the mass loading rate in a long-term performance experiment showed that the removal efficiency could be kept stable between 95 and 99% at loads of up to 5,200 g m(-3) day(-1) over several days. Above this mass loading rate, the elimination capacity did not increase any further. These results demonstrated that with a well-adapted inoculum and optimal operation parameters, a BTF system with excellent performance and stability that efficiently removes a mixture of chlorobenzene vapours from air can be obtained.
