Clinical performance of a hybrid presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens in patients undergoing cataract surgery in a multicenter trial.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical performance of TECNIS Synergy intraocular lens (IOL), model ZFR00V, vs TECNIS IOL, model ZCB00, in cataract patients. SETTING: Multicenter clinical setting. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, subject/evaluator-masked clinical trial. METHODS: Cataract patients aged ≥22 years were randomly assigned 1:1 to bilateral implantation with ZFR00V or ZCB00. Key end points at 6 months postsurgery included monocular and binocular visual acuities at 4 m, 66 cm, 33 cm, and/or 40 cm, binocular distance-corrected defocus testing, patient-reported outcomes, and safety. RESULTS: 272 patients were implanted with ZFR00V (135) or ZCB00 (137). At 6 months, 83/131 (63.4%) ZFR00V patients demonstrated 20/25 or better combined monocular distance-corrected vision at far, intermediate, or near, compared with 5/130 (3.8%) ZCB00 patients. ZFR00V demonstrated excellent binocular uncorrected vision at intermediate (0.022 logMAR) and distance-corrected vision at 40 cm (0.047 logMAR). Strong ZFR00V performance persisted under mesopic conditions (0.244 logMAR or ∼20/32 Snellen), where improvement over ZCB00 with distance-corrected vision at near was 3.5 lines. ZFR00V provided a broad range of functional vision (20/32 or better) through -3.5 diopters of defocus (29 cm). Most ZFR00V patients reported no spectacle wear overall (93.1%) or at all 4 viewing distances combined (87.8%), and 55.7% qualified as completely spectacle independent. Relatively low proportions of ZFR00V patients reported being very/extremely bothered by halos (13.7%), starbursts (11.5%), or night glare (8.4%). The safety profile was similar between IOL groups. CONCLUSIONS: TECNIS Synergy ZFR00V demonstrated improved intermediate and near vision, increased range of vision, and greater spectacle independence vs TECNIS monofocal ZCB00.

Estudio de prevalencia de Síndrome de Apneas - Hipopneas Obstructivas del Sueño en pacientes con obesidad

Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad epidémica multifactorial en constante aumento en los últimos años. Asocia el desarrollo de múltiples patologías con aumento de la morbimortalidad, entre ellas el síndrome de apneas e hipopneas obstructivas del sueño (SAHOS). Objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia de SAHOS en una población de obesos pertenecientes a un Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica de un hospital público de Montevideo. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo de cohorte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes en valoración preoperatoria desde abril 2015 a marzo 2020. Se les realizó una polisomnografía. Se evaluó la prevalencia de SAHOS y la relación con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS versión 25.0. Resultados: Se estudiaron 358 pacientes con predominio del sexo femenino (86,3%), edad media de 42,8 ± 10,7 años y un índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio de 50,1 ± 11,4 kg/m2. Se evidenció una prevalencia de SAHOS de 69%: 43,3% leve; 23,9% moderada y 32,8% severo. El Índice apnea hipopnea (IAH) se correlacionó positivamente con IMC (p ≤ 0,001). Se demostró la asociación de SAHOS con hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes 2 (DM2), sexo masculino e hipertrigliceridemia. Conclusiones: El SAHOS es altamente prevalente en la obesidad. Este estudio sugiere la realización de un screening en todos los obesos, así como su estudio con polisomnografía o poligrafía respiratoria a aquellos que vayan a someterse a una cirugía bariátrica.

Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial epidemic disease that has been constantly increasing in recent years. It associates the development of multiple pathologies with increased morbidity and mortality, including obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Objective: To study the prevalence of OSAHS in a population of obese patients belonging to an Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Program of a public hospital in Montevideo. Methodology: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. Patients in preoperative evaluation were included from April 2015 to March 2020. A polysomnography was performed. The prevalence of OSAHS and the relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 25.0. Results: 358 patients were studied, predominantly female (86.3%), mean age of 42.8 ± 10.7 years and mean BMI of 50.1 ± 11.4 kg/m2. A prevalence of OSAHS of 69% was evidenced: 43.3% mild; 23.9% moderate and 32.8% severe. The Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was positively correlated with the Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=<0.001). The association of OSAHS with arterial hypertension (AHT), diabetes 2 (DM2), male gender and hypertriglyceridemia was demonstrated. Conclusions: OSAHS is highly prevalent in obesity. This study suggests screening all obese people, as well as polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy for those who are going to undergo bariatric surgery.

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença epidêmica multifatorial que vem aumentando constantemente nos últimos anos. Associa o desenvolvimento de múltiplas patologias ao aumento da morbimortalidade, incluindo a síndrome da apneia e hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS). Objetivo: Estudar a prevalência de SAHOS em uma população de pacientes obesos pertencentes a um Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica de um hospital público de Montevidéu. Metodologia: Estudo observacional descritivo transversal. Os pacientes em avaliação pré-operatória foram incluídos de abril de 2015 a março de 2020. Foi realizada polissonografia. A prevalência de SAHOS e a relação com outros fatores de risco cardiovascular foram avaliadas. A análise estatística foi realizada com SPSS versão 25.0. Resultados: Foram estudados 358 pacientes, predominantemente do sexo feminino (86,3%), idade média de 42,8 ± 10,7 anos e IMC médio de 50,1 ± 11,4 kg/m2. Evidenciou-se prevalência de SAHOS de 69%: 43,3% leve; 23,9% moderado e 32,8% grave. O Índice de Apnéia e Hipopnéia (IAH) correlacionou-se positivamente com o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (p=<0,001). Foi demonstrada a associação da SAHOS com hipertensão arterial (HA), diabetes 2 (DM2), sexo masculino e hipertrigliceridemia. Conclusões: A SAHOS é altamente prevalente na obesidade. Este estudo sugere a triagem de todos os obesos, bem como a polissonografia ou poligrafia respiratória para aqueles que serão submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica.

Comparison of 3-month visual outcomes of a new multifocal intraocular lens vs a trifocal intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical performance of the TECNIS Synergy multifocal (model ZFR00V) intraocular lens (IOL) with that of the AcrySof PanOptix Trifocal (model TFNT00) IOL in patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery. SETTING: Multicenter clinical setting. DESIGN: Prospective randomized comparative study. METHODS: Patients aged 22 years or older were randomly assigned (2:1) to bilateral implantation with ZFR00V or TFNT00 IOLs. End points included the mean binocular distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) at 40 cm, photopic and mesopic DCNVAs at 33 cm, photopic low-contrast corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and mesopic CDVA, nondirected patient responses to an ocular/visual symptoms questionnaire, and safety. RESULTS: Of the 150 patients implanted with IOLs, 95 of the 97 patients with ZFR00V IOLs and 52 of the 53 patients with TFNT00 IOLs completed the 3-month follow-up. Most patients in the ZFR00V and TFNT00 groups achieved 20/25 or better binocular CDVA (100% vs 96.2%) and DCNVA measured at 40 cm (88.4% vs 75.0%) and 33 cm (78.9% vs 51.9%). The mean between-group difference in binocular DCNVA at 40 cm favored ZFR00V IOLs (0.5 lines Snellen; 95% CI, 0.012 to 0.089; P ≤ .05). Similarly, the mean binocular photopic and mesopic DCNVAs at 33 cm (0.8 lines Snellen each; both P ≤ .05 vs TFNT00) and photopic high-contrast and low-contrast CDVA (0.5 lines Snellen each; both P ≤ .05 vs TFNT00) favored ZFR00V IOLs. Patient-reported ocular/visual symptoms and safety were generally similar between the 2 IOLs. CONCLUSIONS: The ZFR00V IOL showed an extensive range of vision, particularly through near distances, and better mesopic performance than the TFNT00 IOL in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Factores de riesgo litogénicos en obesos mórbidos en el preoperatorio de cirugía bariátrica

Resumen: Introducción: La obesidad mórbida es un factor de riesgo para litiasis renal. La cirugía bariátrica, logra buenos resultados metabólicos, pudiendo generar un aumento del riesgo de litiasis renal. Objetivo. Estudiar los factores de riesgo litogénicos en pacientes obesos en el pre operatorio de cirugía bariátrica. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes del Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, de febrero de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Resultados: Se analizaron 68 pacientes, 83,3% mujeres, mediana de edad 46 (37-52) años. La mediana del IMC fue de 46 (43-53) kg/m² con un rango de 35 a 70 kg/m². De los participantes 29 (43%) eran súper-obesos (IMC>50kg/m2), 31 (48%) presentaban síndrome metabólico, 19 (28,7%) eran diabéticos, 39 (59%) eran hipertensos. La mediana del clearence de creatinina medido fue de 136,5 (100,5-162,5) ml/min, 41 (60%) pacientes fue mayor a 120 ml/min. En 16 (23%) pacientes se constató el antecedente de manifestación clínica - ecográfica de litiasis. Todos los pacientes estaban asintomáticos al momento del estudio. Encontramos al menos 1 factor litogénico en 97% pacientes y 2 en el 71%. El 60,6% tenían hiperparatiroidismo, el 63% con hipovitaminosis D ( 100 mmol/24hs, 60,3% hiperuricosuria, 48,5% tenían hipocitraturia, 42,6% hiperoxaluria, 25% hipercalciuria y 79,4% con hiperamoniuria. No se evidencio diferencias en las variables litogénicas, entre pacientes con antecedentes de litiasis y sin antecedentes, en pacientes obesos y superobesos, ni al comparar pacientes diabéticos y con síndrome metabólico vs pacientes sin estas alteraciones. Discusión y conclusiones: En nuestro estudio la alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo litogénicos, apoya el vínculo entre obesidad y la patología litiásica renal. Es aconsejable la evaluación clínica específica y la realización de un estudio litogénico previo a la cirugía bariátrica, incidiendo su resultado en la elección de la técnica quirúrgica.

Abstract: Introduction: Morbid obesity is a risk factor for kidney stones. Bariatric surgery achieves good metabolic results, and can generate an increased risk of kidney stones. Target. To study the lithogenic risk factors in obese patients in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Patients from the Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Program were included, from February 2019 to March 2020. Results: 68 patients were analyzed, 83.3% women, median age 46 (37-52) years. The median BMI was 46 (43-53) kg/m² with a range of 35 to 70 kg/m². Of the participants, 29 (43%) were super-obese (BMI>50kg/m2), 31 (48%) had metabolic syndrome, 19 (28.7%) were diabetic, and 39 (59%) were hypertensive. The median creatinine clearance measured was 136.5 (100.5-162.5) ml/min, 41 (60%) patients were greater than 120 ml/min. In 16 (23%) patients, a history of clinical-ultrasound manifestation of lithiasis was confirmed. All patients were asymptomatic at the time of the study. We found at least 1 lithogenic factor in 97% patients and 2 in 71%. 60.6% had hyperparathyroidism, 63% with hypovitaminosis D (100 mmol/24h, 60.3% had hyperuricosuria, 48.5% had hypocitraturia, 42.6% hyperoxaluria, 25% hypercalciuria and 79.4% with hyperammoniuria. No differences were found in the lithogenic variables, between patients with a history of lithiasis and without, in obese and super obese patients, or when comparing diabetic patients and patients with metabolic syndrome vs patients without these alterations. Discussion and Conclusions: In our study, the high prevalence of lithogenic risk factors supports the link between obesity and kidney stone disease. It is advisable to carry out a specific clinical evaluation and a lithogenic study prior to bariatric surgery, with its result affecting the choice of surgical technique.

Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade mórbida é um fator de risco para cálculos renais. A cirurgia bariátrica alcança bons resultados metabólicos, podendo gerar um risco aumentado de cálculos renais. Alvo. Estudar os fatores de risco litogênicos em pacientes obesos no pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal. Foram incluídos pacientes do Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica, no período de fevereiro de 2019 a março de 2020. Resultados: Foram analisados ​​68 pacientes, 83,3% mulheres, idade mediana de 46 (37-52) anos. A mediana do IMC foi de 46 (43-53) kg/m² com variação de 35 a 70 kg/m². Dos participantes, 29 (43%) eram superobesos (IMC>50kg/m2), 31 (48%) tinham síndrome metabólica, 19 (28,7%) eram diabéticos e 39 (59%) eram hipertensos. A mediana da depuração de creatinina medida foi de 136,5 (100,5-162,5) ml/min, 41 (60%) pacientes foram maiores que 120 ml/min. Em 16 (23%) pacientes foi confirmada história de manifestação clínico-ultrassonográfica de litíase. Todos os pacientes estavam assintomáticos no momento do estudo. Encontramos pelo menos 1 fator litogênico em 97% dos pacientes e 2 em 71%. 60,6% tinham hiperparatireoidismo, 63% com hipovitaminose D (100 mmol/24h, 60,3% tinham hiperuricosúria, 48,5% tinham hipocitratúria, 42,6% hiperoxalúria, 25% hipercalciúria e 79,4% com hiperamonúria. Não foram encontradas diferenças nas variáveis litogênicas, entre pacientes com e sem história de litíase, em pacientes obesos e superobesos, ou ao comparar pacientes diabéticos e pacientes com síndrome metabólica versus pacientes sem essas alterações. Discussão e Conclusões: Em nosso estudo, a alta prevalência de fatores de risco litogênicos suporta a ligação entre obesidade e patologia de cálculos renais. Aconselha-se a realização de avaliação clínica específica e estudo litogênico prévio à cirurgia bariátrica, cujo resultado interfere na escolha da técnica cirúrgica.