Interim Results of the BYHEART Observational Study: Exogenous Phosphocreatine Effect on the Quality of life of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.

Aim      Improvement of quality of life is one of the most important goals for the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study searched for ways to increase the efficiency of CHF treatment based on parameters of quality of life in CHF patients during and after the treatment with exogenous phosphocreatine (EP).Material and methods  The effect of a single course of EP treatment on quality of life of patients with functional class (FC) II-IV CHF with reduced or mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction was studied as a part of the all-Russia prospective observational study BYHEART. The presence of FC II-IV CHF and a left ventricular ejection fraction <50 % were confirmed by results of 6-min walk test (6MWT) and findings of echocardiography after stabilization of the background therapy.Results An interim data analysis showed that the course of EP treatment was associated with a significant improvement of quality-of-life indexes as determined by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LHFQ) total score. These indexes significantly increased and remained at a satisfactory level for 6 mos. following completion of the treatment course. Also, the treatment significantly beneficially influenced the clinical condition of patients (heart failure severity scale), results of 6MWT, and the increase in left ventricular ejection fraction.Conclusion      The conclusions based on results of the interim analysis should be confirmed by results of the completed study. Complete results are planned to be published in 2022.

[Combined (associated) vaccination against quarantinable infections]. / Kompleksnaia (assotsiirovannaia) vaktsinatsiia protiv karantinnykh infektsii.

The presence of several active foci of infection of different etiology is an indication for complex (combined) immunization against these diseases. The scheme of complex (combined) immunization against plague, cholera and yellow fever has been experimentally substantiated and successfully tested on volunteers.

[Combined (associated) immunization against typhoid, typhus and plague]. / Kompleksnaia (assotsiirovannaia) immunizatsiia protiv briushnogo i sypnogo tifov i chumy.

The article substantiates epidemiological expediency of complex (associated) immunization of servicemen and population against typhoid, typhus and plague in polyetiological zones of these infections, and also in cases of simultaneous proliferation of these diseases. For simultaneous preventive vaccination against these infections a complex immunization scheme was experimentally substantiated and clinically approved. It is based on national commercial vaccines and ensures a simultaneous administration of 2-3 vaccine preparations by hypodermic syringe or jet injection. Typhoid and typhus vaccines are injected under one shoulder-blade, and plague vaccine is injected under another shoulder-blade. This complex vaccine is harmless, moderately reactogenic, develops expressing immunity which have the same protective features as monovaccines alone. This scheme is recommended for use in anti-epidemic practice.

[A system for the mass combined vaccination of the adult population against influenza, viral hepatitis, typhoid, meningitis and diphtheria]. / Sistema massovoi kompleksnoi vaktsinatsii vzroslogo naselennia protiv grippa, virusnogo gepatita, briushnogo tifa, meningita i difterii.

A safe, moderately reactogenic and immunologically effective scheme of complex (combined) immunization against meningitis A, diphtheria, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis A and influenza has been developed as the result of experimental and clinico-immunological studies. Depending on the epidemiological situation, the newly developed scheme can be used in two variants. According to the first variant of this scheme, the following preparations are injected subcutaneously into three different sites: a mixture of group A meningococcal vaccine and diphtheria toxoid, typhoid vaccine and influenza vaccine. The second variant of the scheme differs from its first variant in using intramuscular injection of normal human immunoglobulin instead of injection of influenza vaccine. Moreover, in practical realization these variants may be altered by excluding vaccines, unnecessary under present conditions. The newly developed scheme of vaccinal prophylaxis is recommended for practical use.

[The clinico-immunological validation of associated immunization]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskoe obosnovanie assotsiirovannoi immunizatsii.

Clinico-immunological studies on men were conducted using associated immunization by pair combinations of 8 commercial national vaccines (typhoid, plague, typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever, cholera and sextaanatoxine). As for reactogenicity and immunological efficiency (serological studies), these pair associations can be subdivided into three main groups. The first group consists of pair combinations of vaccines that cannot exert any influence on immunogenicity of cause the development of frequent post-vaccination reaction or temporary disability (typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever vaccines). These preparations are completely compatible in every combination. The second group includes plague and cholera vaccines that reduce its immunogenicity under the influence of more active antigens or increase its reactogenicity being associated with typhoid vaccine or sextaanatoxine. The third group is composed of typhoid vaccine and sextaanatoxine that have high reactogenicity and stable serological shifts. Associations of the first group are the most favourable for anti-epidemiological practice.

[The trypanocidal action of fluorouracil on Crithidia oncopelti in the presence of lipid metabolic modifiers]. / Tripanotsidnoe deistvie ftoruratsila na Crithidia oncopelti v prisutstvii modifikatorov lipidnogo metabolizma.

Effect of fluorouracil in combination with ascorbate and L-valin, modifiers of lipid metabolism was studied in cultured protozoa Crithidia oncopelti. The inhibitory effect of preparation in a concentration of 100 mcg/ml gradually decreased in the course of cultivation. Its readdition to a 96-hour culture did not increase its effect on protozoa cells. Combined addition of fluorouracil and modifiers (100 mcg/ml each) resulted in insignificant decrease of the cell accumulation in the culture as compared with the effect of fluorouracil alone. When fluorouracil and modifiers were readded to the 96-hour culture, the trypanostatic effect of preparation was 2.5 times enhanced. This enhancement was confirmed by destructive alterations in cell morphology and by the culture lysis by 192 h of protozoa cultivation.

[The experimental validation of associated immunization with paired combinations of vaccines]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie assotsiirovannoi immunizatsii parnymi sochetaniiami vaktsin.

Experimental researches were conducted on reactogenicity and immunological efficiency of pair associations of 8 commercial drug preparations. The following vaccines were used in various pair combinations: typhoid, plague, smallpox, typhus, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever, cholera, sextaanatoxine. Pair combinations of these drug preparations were proved to be harmless. Their reactogenicity was manifested mainly in more or less pronounced vaccination reaction which may be considered as tolerable. Immunological efficiency practically of all pair combinations of vaccines, which was determined by the frequency and intensity of antibody formation, had the same indexes as the control one. The immunity expression of a large majority of pair combinations of vaccines also was unchanged. The study in vitro of compatibility of pair associations of vaccines proves the low stability of yellow-fever vaccine, which falls down under the influence of plague and cholera vaccines, or sextaanatoxine. On the contrary, smallpox vaccine makes yellow-fever vaccine more active. Plague vaccine is stimulated by smallpox vaccine and is oppressed with combined application of typhoid vaccine and sextaanatoxine.

[The biological activity of complex esters of saccharose and higher fatty acids]. / Izuchenie biologicheskoi aktivnosti slozhnykh éfirov sakharozy i vysshikh zhirnykh kislot.

Sucrose/fatty acid ethers from Astasia longa culture have been studied. Biological activity of different ethers has been studied on calf kidney cells. The activity depends on the lipid component of the ethers. The highest stimulation of cell layer formation was observed with ethers of sucrose and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[Composition and immunological activity of membrane-bound surface glycoprotein from Crithidia oncopelti]. / Sostav i immunologicheskaia aktivnos't membranosviazannogo poverkhnostnogo glikoproteina Crithidia oncopelti.

A membrane-bound glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 10000-12000 was isolated from Crithidia oncopelti and purified. The glycoprotein contained peptide, carbohydrate and lipid fragments and phosphorus. The peptide fragment was represented by 10 amino acids. The carbohydrate fragment was represented by 7 monosaccharides. The lipid part was mainly represented by stearic acid. The glycoprotein showed immunostimulating properties. It had a comitogenic effect on murine spleen cells in vitro and induced tumoricidal activity in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

[Safety and effectiveness study of the aerosol method of administering inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine in an experiment]. / Izuchenie bezvrednosti i éffektivnosti aérozol'nogo metoda vvedeniia inaktivirovannoi grippoznoi khromatograficheskoi vaktsiny v éksperimente.

Experiments in laboratory animals demonstrated safety, areactogenicity, and low allergenic potential of inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine (IICV) administered by aerosol method. Aerosol immunization of white rats resulted in the development of the same level of secretory antibody as after intraperitoneal inoculation of IICV but the immunizing aspirational dose was 10-20 times as low as parenteral. Marked protection of mice was achieved after triple aerosol immunization of immunologically experienced animals.