Right Coronary Artery Dominance in Cadaveric Human Hearts in Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Cardiac coronary dominance plays a significant role in different clinical conditions and diseases of the heart. As the people of developing and developed nations are having global coronary artery diseases, it is mandatory to have knowledge of coronary artery diseases including cardiac coronary dominance. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of the right coronary artery dominance in cadaveric human hearts in a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all 52 preserved hearts as well as the heart isolated from cadavers obtained from the teaching hospital. The study was conducted from 24th June, 2020 to 24th December, 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2306202004). All cadaveric heart specimens were laelled with numbers and photographed for easy description of anatomical variation related to the coronary artery. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 52 undissected isolated cadaveric hearts, the right cardiac dominance was found in 42 (80.76%) (71.77-89.75 at 90% Confidence Interval). The mean diameter of the right coronary artery was found to be 4.06±0.55 mm. Conclusions: The prevalence of right cardiac dominance in isolated cadaveric hearts was similar to the studies done in a similar setting. Keywords: cardiac; coronary arteries; dominance.

Left Accessory Mental Foramen in Dry Mandibles in Department of Anatomy in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of accessory mental foramen is one of the anatomical variations in the mandible. The occurrence of accessory mental foramen can differ in terms of number, shape, and size or there can even be an absence of it. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen in dry mandibles in the Department of Anatomy of a medical college. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college among dry mandibles from 10 January 2021 to 10 June 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 207202005). Intact dry mandibles were studied for the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen. A convenience sampling technique was used. Point estimate and 90% Confidence Interval were calculated. RESULTS: Among 47 dry mandibles, the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen was found to be 4 (8.51%) (1.81-15.21, 90% Confidence Interval). The mean diameter of the left accessory foramen was found to be 1.02±0.03 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of left accessory mental foramen in mandibles was similar to the studies done in similar settings.

Trismus among Preclinical Students in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Trismus is a condition of reduced mouth opening due to tonic constrictions of the muscles of mastication. Trismus greatly affects health-related quality of life and thus daily life activities. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of trismus among preclinical students in a medical college at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college from 10th July 2021 to 10th December 2021 for a period of five months. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Research Committee (Reference number: 0311202004). A total of 315 preclinical students studying at a medical college were included in the current study. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 99% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 315 students, trismus was seen in 14 (4.44%) (1.45-7.43, 95% Confidence Interval) . The clicking sound on the right side of the temporomandibular joint was found to be in 6 (42.86%), on the left side was 5 (35.71%) and that of both sides of the temporomandibular joint was 1 (7.14%) among the 14 students with trismus. The mean maximal interincisal mouth opening was found to be 33.4±0.46 mm in students having trismus. Conclusions: The prevalence of trismus was found to be similar to the other studies performed in similar settings among preclinical students in a medical college. Awareness on mouth opening exercises and timely management can help reduce trismus. Keywords: prevalence; temporomandibular joint; trismus.