Evidences of Brain Plasticity and Motor Control Modulation after Hemodialysis Session by Helixone Membrane: BOLD-fMRI Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) using synthetic Helixone membrane on brain functional control reorganization and plasticity in the cortical area generated while Oxidative Stress (OS) would be the main impacting agent. METHODS: Indeed, 9 chronic HD patients underwent identical brain BOLD-fMRI assessment using the motor paradigm immediately before and after the same HD sessions. To assess the oxidative stress, the same patients underwent biological-assessment, including Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total- Antioxidant-Activity (TAOA) reported in earlier papers. RESULTS: BOLD-fMRI maps of motor areas obtained from HD-patients before and after HD sessions revealed a significant enhancement of activation volume of the studied motor cortex after HD reflecting brain plasticity. Results were correlated with OS assessed by the measurement of MDA and TAOA; this correlation was close to 1. CONCLUSION: Indeed, HD enhances the inflammatory state of brain tissues reflected by the increased OS. The functional brain reaction demonstrated a functional activity reorganization to overcome the inflammatory state and OS enhanced by HD process. This functional activity reorganization reveals brain plasticity induced by OS originated by HD.

Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Functional MRI of Early Evidences of Brain Plasticity after Hemodialysis Session by Helixone Membrane of Patients with Indices of Adrenal Deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Various alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function have been described in patients with chronic renal failure. Nevertheless, controversial evidences were stated about the association between adrenal function deficiency (AD) and hemodialysis (HD). PURPOSE: The goal of this paper was to estimate indirect indices of the adrenal gland dysfunction which is potentially influenced by oxidative stress (OS) that still generates brain plasticity and reorganization of the functional control. METHODS: Two male patients undergoing HD by the synthetic Helixone membrane for more than 6 months at the HD Center of the University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco, were recruited. They underwent identical assessment immediately before and after the full HD session; this consisted of a blood ionogram revealing rates of sodium and calcium, and brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) using a motor paradigm in block design. RESULTS: The blood ionogram revealed hypercalcemia and hyponatremia in both patients. Both biological assessment and BOLD-fMRI study results revealed a high level of OS that induced activation of a significantly large brain volume area suggesting the occurrence of possible brain plasticity and functional control reorganization induced by free radicals and enhanced by AD. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of brain plasticity and functional control reorganization was demonstrated in both patients studied who were undergoing HD by BOLD-fMRI with a notable sensitivity; this plasticity is induced by elevated OS occasioned by HD technique itself and probably amplified by AD. Similar results were found in a previous study performed on the same patients undergoing HD by a polysulfone membrane.

Implications of oxidative stress in the brain plasticity originated by fasting: a BOLD-fMRI study.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was assessing the intermittent fasting effect on brain plasticity and oxidative stress (OS) using blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) approach. Evidences of physiological and molecular phenomena involved in this process are discussed and compared to reported literature. METHOD: Six fully healthy male non-smokers volunteered in this study. All volunteers were right handed, and have an equilibrated, consistent and healthy daily nutritional habit, and a healthy lifestyle. Participants were allowed consuming food during evening and night time while fasting with self-prohibiting food and liquids during 14 hours/day from sunrise to sunset. All participants underwent identical brain BOLD-fMRI protocol. The images were acquired in the Department of Radiology and Clinical Imaging of the University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco. The anatomical brain and BOLD-fMRIs were acquired using a 1.5-Tesla scanner (Signa, General Electric, Milwaukee, United States). BOLD-fMRI image acquisition was done using single-shot gradient echo echo-planer imaging sequence. BOLD-fMRI paradigm consisted of the motor task where volunteers were asked to perform finger taping of the right hand. Two BOLD-fMRI scan sessions were performed, the first one between the 5th and 10th days preceding the start of fasting and the second between days 25th and 28th of the fasting month. All sessions were performed between 3:30 PM and 5:30 PM. Although individual maps were originated from different individual participants, they cover the same anatomic area in each case. Image processing and statistical analysis were conducted with Statistical Parameter Mapping version 8 (2008, Welcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London UK). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The maximal BOLD signal changes were calculated for each subject in the motor area M1; Activation maps were calculated and overlaid on the anatomical images. Group analysis of the data was performed, and the average volume and the maximum intensity of BOLD signal in the activated area M1 was determined for all studied volunteers. The current study allowed measuring regional brain volumes and neural network activity before and during an extended period of fasting using BOLD-fMRI. This demonstrated and confirmed the impact of fasting on human brain structure and function. Further studies are required to elucidate mechanisms and enable direct inference of a diet-induced OS effect on the brain.

The neuropathic osteoarthropathy of the hip: About two cases.

The neuropathic osteoarthropathy are ectopic ossifications, developed near the joints, secondary to a process of neo-osteogenesis in the case of central neurological lesions and rarely peripheral lesions. We report the case of two patients aged of 7 years and 35 years, for whom the CT scan allowed us to make the positive diagnosis, and an accurate preoperative assessment, by studying the seat, the vessels and nerves, allowing an adapted and precocious management. We propose an update of neuropathic osteoarthropathy based on data from the literature.

Indices of adrenal deficiency involved in brain plasticity and functional control reorganization in hemodialysis patients with polysulfone membrane: BOLD-fMRI study.

This work purpose was to estimate the implication of suspected adrenal function deficiencies, which was influenced by oxidative stress (OS) that are generating brain plasticity, and reorganization of the functional control. This phenomenon was revealed in two-hemodialysis patients described in this paper. Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) revealed a significant activation of the motor cortex. Hemodialysis seems to originate an inflammatory state of the cerebral tissue reflected by increased OS, while expected to decrease since hemodialysis eliminates free radicals responsible for OS. Considering adrenal function deficiencies, sensitivity to OS and assessed hyponatremia and hypercalcemia, adrenal function deficiencies is strongly suspected in both patients. This probably contributes to amplify brain plasticity and a reorganization of functional control after hemodialysis that is compared to earlier reported studies. Brain plasticity and functional control reorganization was revealed by BOLD-fMRI with a remarkable sensitivity. Brain plastic changes are originated by elevated OS associating indices of adrenal function deficiencies. These results raise important issues about adrenal functional deficiencies impact on brain plasticity in chronic hemodialysis-patients. This motivates more global studies of plasticity induced factors in this category of patients including adrenal functional deficiencies and OS.

[Pleural epithelioid sarcoma: about a case and review of the literature]. / Sarcome épithélioide pleural, à propos d'un cas avec revue de la littérature.

Proximal epithelioid sarcoma (PES) originating from the pleura is a clinical entity rarely reported in the literature. We report the case of a young patient with immediately metastatic proximal epithelioid sarcoma (PES) treated at the Department of Medical Oncology, Fes. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy based on doxorubicin and ifosfamide. After the first cycle of chemotherapy, the disease led to a fatal outcome. Our case study highlights the potentially aggressive behaviour of PES which represents a clinical trap and can be life-threatening.

Primary hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary: a case report.

Primary hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary (HCO) is a very rare type of high-grade invasive malignant ovarian tumor with hepatic differentiation and production of α-fetoprotein (AFP). We describe a 78-year-old Moroccan woman who presented to our hospital with abdominal distension and purplish nodules infiltrating the para umbilical skin with weight loss and impairment of her performance status. Excisional biopsy of the para umbilical nodule revealed a cutaneous localization of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and pelvic ultrasonography noted the presence of a tumoral right adnexal mass. The patient underwent an exploratory laparoscopy which found peritoneal carcinomatosis with pelvic adhesions allowing only a peritoneal biopsy. Diagnosis of primary hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary was established on the basis of classic histopathologic findings, immunohistochemical staining and marked elevation in serum of α-fetoprotein more than the carbohydrate antigen 125. The patient received 3 cycles of chemotherapy based on Carboplatin and Paclitaxel with disease progression. No second line chemotherapy was given because of the drop of patient's performance status to 3. The patient died one month later.

Presumptive intramuscular hemangioma of the masseter muscle.

BACKGROUND: Hemangioma is a benign vascular proliferation. Intramuscular hemangiomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all hemangiomas, and occur normally in the trunk and extremities. Approximately 10-20% of intramuscular hemangiomas are found in the head and neck region, most often in the masseter muscles. The typical clinical characteristic is a painful soft tissue mass without cutaneous changes. Currently, MRI is the standard imaging technique for diagnosing soft-tissue hemangioma. The optimal management is the surgical resection. CASE REPORT: We report a case of 34-year-old male patient consulted for a swelling of 1 year evolution, around the parotid region. On physical examination, a soft, well-contoured lesion of about 2 cm on its long axis was found. MRI showed a space-occupying lesion in the left masseter muscle, with intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperignal intensity on T2-weighted images, containing nodular hypointense foci corresponding to calcification. The presumptive diagnosis of an intramasseteric hemangioma with phlebolith was made based on these findings. The patient was informed about her condition, and treatment options were discussed; however, the patient elected to forgo treatment at that time. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of an IMH should be included in the differential diagnosis of any intra-masseteric lesion. The appropriate radiologic examinations especially MRI can enhance accurate preoperative diagnosis; the treatment of choice should be individualized in view of the clinical status of the patient.

Granular cell tumor of the breast: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: A granular cell tumor involving the breast parenchyma was first described by Abrikossoff in 1931. Localization of this lesion to the breast is very rare, accounting for between 5% and 15% of all granular cell tumor cases. We present this case because of the rarity of this tumor. It is frequently confused with breast carcinoma on clinical and radiological examination, and its diagnosis can therefore be challenging for clinicians, radiologists and pathologists. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 32-year-old Moroccan woman who presented with a palpable mass in her right breast. Mammography and ultrasound examination revealed a heterogeneous, irregular and poorly limited mass, located at the union of the outer quadrants of her right breast. The mass was in contact with her latissimus dorsi and suspicious for malignancy. A histological examination combined with immunohistochemical study revealed it to be a granular cell tumor. CONCLUSION: Although a granular cell tumor of the breast is a rare breast neoplasm, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. Pathologists should bear in mind a granular cell tumor when examining material containing cells with abundant granular cytoplasm to avoid misdiagnosing breast carcinoma, which could lead to unnecessary surgery.

Bone lymphoma revealed by cruralgia during pregnancy: a case report.

Pregnancy complicated by Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is rare, about 100 cases have been reported. We will describe the case of a multifocal bone lymphoma revealed by a left hyperalgetic and deficient cruralgia in a female in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix presenting as a cervical polyp in a 16-year-old adolescent: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract is rare in the cervix. It has been mainly discussed in the context of individual case studies. It tends to occur in children and young women. Treatment ranges from radical surgery to conservative surgery, followed by chemotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old Moroccan adolescent girl presented to our center with a protruding mass from her vaginal introitus, as a polyp of 6cm. An examination revealed a polyp within her vagina, thought to be arising from her cervix and a polypectomy was performed. Microscopic findings are consistent with an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoide type). A computed tomography of her thorax, abdomen and pelvis were performed and residual disease was found as a mass located at her cervix, which measured approximately 4.5cm in its widest dimensions, without evidence of metastatic disease. Due to the fact that she is young, after discussions in a multidisciplinary meeting, she was subsequently treated with four cycles of multi-agent chemotherapy. Two cycles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered due to the lack of response, but she presented vaginal bleeding with persistence of the same mass in computed tomography. Hence a total interadnexal hysterectomy was made. A histologic examination found residual embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoide type) located in all her cervix and she is currently under chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a cervical polyp in an adolescent is a gynecologic oddity and must necessarily be examined histologically because it might be a rhabdomyosarcoma. This is extremely important because diagnosis at an early stage of the disease is a highly favorable prognostic factor that allows "fertility-sparing surgery" for these young patients.